{"title":"Recent progress of flexible solid-state supercapacitors: electrodes, electrolytes and practical application.","authors":"Geng Wei, Ping Chen, Jinyu Wu, Yongfang Liang, Jianghai Li, Haifu Huang, Zhiqiang Lan, Xianqing Liang, Wenzheng Zhou, Peilin Qing, Shaolong Tang","doi":"10.1002/cphc.202400957","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cphc.202400957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flexible solid-state supercapacitors (FSSCs) have garnered significant attention due to their advantages, including lightness, adaptability, enhanced safety, and extensive operational potential windows. These features make them highly suitable as energy storage devices for the next generation of portable and flexible electronics. The recent surge in the development and remarkable breakthroughs in novel wearable electronics have further propelled research into FSSCs. Nevertheless, several pressing issues need to be addressed in this field, including synthesizing flexible electrode materials with superior electrochemical energy storage capabilities, enhancing the physicochemical properties of solid gel polymer electrolytes, particularly in extreme environments, and ensuring effective contact between electrodes and gel electrolytes. This paper presents an overview of the latest advancements in FSSCs, focusing on electrode materials and electrolytes. Additionally, it delves into the current challenges and future prospects of FSSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9819,"journal":{"name":"Chemphyschem","volume":" ","pages":"e202400957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142638498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemphyschemPub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400943
Sarika Venugopal, Anuj A Vargeese
{"title":"DECOMPOSITION MECHANISM OF ALKYLIDENE BRIDGED TETRAZOLES WITH DIFFERENT CARBON CHAIN LENGTHS.","authors":"Sarika Venugopal, Anuj A Vargeese","doi":"10.1002/cphc.202400943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.202400943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrogen-rich heterocycles, particularly tetrazole-based high-energy density materials (HEDMs) offer high performance, low sensitivity, and are eco-friendly. Despite the diversity of nitrogen-rich energetic heterocycles, many are sensitive to external stimuli, and the introduction of a methylene, ethylene, or C-C linkage between nitrogen-rich heterocycles is a successful strategy to improve mechanical sensitivity and thermal stability. Understanding the potential anomalous thermal or kinetic behavior of such molecules is crucial for the design of new HEDMs and practical applications of these molecules. We have investigated the influence of introducing an alkylidene bridge between the energetic nitrogen heterocycles on the decomposition mechanism and pathway of different bridged tetrazoles, namely 5,5'-Bis-1H-tetrazole, 1,2-Bis(5-tetrazolo)methane, and 1,2-Bis(5-tetrazolo)ethane, using thermal experiments, mass spectrometry, and computational analysis. Kinetic parameters were evaluated using a non-linear integral method, and decomposition pathways were proposed based on mass fragmentation data. Stability comparisons were made using HOMO-LUMO gap and electrostatic potential (ESP) values from computational calculations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9819,"journal":{"name":"Chemphyschem","volume":" ","pages":"e202400943"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemphyschemPub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400918
Yining Jiang, Carine Clavaguéra, Marc Lecouvey, Chantal Houée-Levin, Jonathan Martens, Giel Berden, Jos Oomens, Debora Scuderi
{"title":"Unravelling the Structure of One-Electron Oxidation Products of Model Peptide Backbones Containing Methionine by IRMPD Spectroscopy: the Effect of the Neighbouring Groups.","authors":"Yining Jiang, Carine Clavaguéra, Marc Lecouvey, Chantal Houée-Levin, Jonathan Martens, Giel Berden, Jos Oomens, Debora Scuderi","doi":"10.1002/cphc.202400918","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cphc.202400918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A series of Methionine (Met) derivatives, where either the amino group and/or the carboxylic acid group is blocked by acetyl and/or methyl ester functionalities, has been investigated by Collision Induced Dissociation-tandem mass spectrometry (CID-MS<sup>2</sup>) and Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy. The CID-MS<sup>2</sup> experiments were performed using a Fourier-transform ion-cyclotron-resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. The IRMPD spectra were recorded employing a Paul type ion-trap coupled with the free-electron laser (FEL) FELIX in the fingerprint region from 600 to 2000 cm<sup>-1</sup>. We show that the oxidation of the methionine residue with protected terminal groups induces the formation of a sulfoxide function. However, compared to the IRMPD spectrum of protonated methionine and methionine sulfoxide, significant spectral differences are observed in the spectra of model protected peptide backbones containing methionine. DFT calculations show that protonation occurs on the sulfoxide group in the gas phase for these model peptide backbones containing methionine, shifting the diagnostic signature of the sulfoxide group from 1000 to 862 cm<sup>-1</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":9819,"journal":{"name":"Chemphyschem","volume":" ","pages":"e202400918"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemphyschemPub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400892
Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
{"title":"Bonding Interaction Within Concentric Structural Layers in Gold Superatoms. The Concentric Bond.","authors":"Alvaro Muñoz-Castro","doi":"10.1002/cphc.202400892","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cphc.202400892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ligand-protected gold clusters display a rich structural diversity, featuring remarkable structures such as Au<sub>25</sub>(SR)<sub>18</sub>, Au<sub>55</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>12</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub>, and CuAu<sub>144</sub>(SR)<sub>60</sub> <sup>3+</sup>, involving a central core composed of consecutive layers. The respective Au@Au<sub>12</sub>, Au@Au<sub>12</sub>@Au<sub>42,</sub> and Cu@Au<sub>12</sub>@Au<sub>42</sub>@Au<sub>60</sub> cores with concentric structural layers enable a variable bonding/antibonding character between the electronic shells ascribed to each layer. Here, we rationalize the bonding within concentric structural layers in order to gain a further understanding of the related bonding patterns in such species. The proposed bonding concept differs from the classical situation in adjacent atoms, now being considered between concentric shells and, thus, coined as the concentric bond. From this approach, the bonding/antibonding character of each concentric shell is evaluated, and its contribution to the overall bonding is discussed. The concentric bond enables building a clear picture of the bonding acting in the overall cluster under the superatom concept. Such an approach expands the understanding of multi-layered cluster cores and is useful to further rationalize the bonding situation in metallic nanostructures.</p>","PeriodicalId":9819,"journal":{"name":"Chemphyschem","volume":" ","pages":"e202400892"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3D Printable Polymer Electrolytes for Ionic Conduction based on Protic Ionic Liquids.","authors":"Alyna Lange, Sajal Arwish, Aurelie Rensonnet, Khalid Elamin, Iqbal Abdurrokhman, Zaneta Wojnarowska, Mark Rosenwinkel, Cedric Malherbe, Monika Schoenhoff, Kerstin Zehbe, Andreas Taubert","doi":"10.1002/cphc.202400849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.202400849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A range of protic ionic liquids (PILs) based on tri-n-alkylammonium cations and mesylate/triflate anions were incorporated into a polymer matrix to form ionogels (IGs). These systems were investigated for their thermal and electrochemical behaviour, as well as under the aspect of ion motion via PFG-NMR. The ionic conductivities of the ILs/IGs are in the range of 10‑4 - 10-3 Scm-1 at elevated temperatures and the diffusion coefficients were around 10‑11 m2s-1. Successful 3D printing of an IG with 70 wt% of IL is possible via stereolithography approaches, opening up applications in, e.g., structured ion-conductive membranes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9819,"journal":{"name":"Chemphyschem","volume":" ","pages":"e202400849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemphyschemPub Date : 2024-11-10DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400794
Connor Deacon-Price, Aleksandra Mijatović, Huub C J Hoefsloot, Gadi Rothenberg, Amanda C Garcia
{"title":"Parameter Dependency of Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 in Acetonitrile - A Data Driven Approach.","authors":"Connor Deacon-Price, Aleksandra Mijatović, Huub C J Hoefsloot, Gadi Rothenberg, Amanda C Garcia","doi":"10.1002/cphc.202400794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.202400794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a promising technology for the utilization of captured CO2. Though systems using aqueous electrolytes is the state-of-the-art, CO2RR in aprotic solvents are a promising alternative that can avoid the parallel hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). While system parameters, such as electrolyte composition, electrode material, and applied potential are known to influence the reaction mechanism, there is a lack of intuitive understanding as to how. We show that by using multivariate data analysis on a large dataset collected from the literature, namely random forest modelling, the most important system parameters can be isolated for each possible product. We find that water content, current density, and applied potential are powerful determinants in the reaction pathway, and therefore in the Faradaic efficiency of CO2RR products.</p>","PeriodicalId":9819,"journal":{"name":"Chemphyschem","volume":" ","pages":"e202400794"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemphyschemPub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400767
Michael Bredol, Ivan Radev, Giulia Primavera, Thomas Lange, Adib Caidi, Volker Peinecke
{"title":"Electrophoretic Deposition of Carbon-Ionomer Layers on Proton Conducting Membranes.","authors":"Michael Bredol, Ivan Radev, Giulia Primavera, Thomas Lange, Adib Caidi, Volker Peinecke","doi":"10.1002/cphc.202400767","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cphc.202400767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synthetic and natural carbons are widely used as carrier for electrodes in electrochemical applications. They need to have a controlled morphology in order to facilitate mass and charge transport, so the process of film formation is of uttermost importance. Here we show, how carbons (after proper preconditioning) can be codeposited with an ionomer by electrophoretic deposition, a method that does allow full control of deposition conditions during the process. In view of potential applications, we focus on the direct deposition on proton-conducting membranes. Ionomers and membranes applied are based on established per-fluorinated polyethylene with SO<sub>3</sub>H-terminated side chains (PFSA). Conditions for reproducible deposition are reported in terms of optimal charge on the carbon particles, field strength in the deposition cell and necessary deposition times for a given film thickness. Additionally, a horizontal cell arrangement is suggested to avoid gravitational effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":9819,"journal":{"name":"Chemphyschem","volume":" ","pages":"e202400767"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemphyschemPub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400841
Marcello A Budroni, Mauro Rustici, Federico Rossi
{"title":"Exploring Gas Evolution Oscillators: Mechanisms and Applications.","authors":"Marcello A Budroni, Mauro Rustici, Federico Rossi","doi":"10.1002/cphc.202400841","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cphc.202400841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We review an iconic class of chemical oscillators driven by phase transition instabilities, namely Gas Evolution Oscillators (GEOs). These systems show oscillatory dynamics in the delivery of gas sustained simple reactions yielding gaseous products in a liquid mixture, due to nucleation and supersaturation phenomena. After presenting the main features and properties of these systems, we deepen the underlying mechanism through a unified picture of the various models that have been proposed to describe this kind of oscillations. We finally discuss a concrete example of how such instabilities can impact chemical processes with applied relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9819,"journal":{"name":"Chemphyschem","volume":" ","pages":"e202400841"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemphyschemPub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400799
Nils Oberhof, Leon Kambiz Paschai Darian, Andreas Dreuw
{"title":"Meta-Connected Oligo-Azobenzenes Outperform Their Para Counterparts.","authors":"Nils Oberhof, Leon Kambiz Paschai Darian, Andreas Dreuw","doi":"10.1002/cphc.202400799","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cphc.202400799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systems with multiple photoswitchable units in one molecule have attracted considerable attention in the past years as they are useful for a broad variety of possible applications. Especially, linked azobenzenes sharing one benzene ring are of high interest since their direct linkage introduces an additional photoswitchable unit at only small increase in molecular weight. In this spirit, linear oligo-azobenzenes had been synthesized, though their photochemical properties have only been investigated for short chain lengths. In this study, we use (time-dependent) density functional methodology for the evaluation of the excitations of meta- and para-connected oligo-azobenzenes to predict their switching ability. It becomes apparent, that the meta connection pattern enables each azobenzene subunit to act as an individual switchable unit, whereas they are strongly coupled and loose their individuality in para connection. Therefore, meta-oligo-azobenzenes are ideal candidates for future studies of azobenzene-based functional polymers, while para-oligo-azobenzenes are not.</p>","PeriodicalId":9819,"journal":{"name":"Chemphyschem","volume":" ","pages":"e202400799"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemphyschemPub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400816
Josef Tomeček, Stephen T Liddle, Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
{"title":"Metal-Metal Bonding in Tri-Actinide Clusters: A DFT Study of [An<sub>3</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub>]<sup>z</sup> (z=1-6) and [An<sub>3</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub>Cp<sub>3</sub>]<sup>z</sup> (z=-2-+3; An=Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu).","authors":"Josef Tomeček, Stephen T Liddle, Nikolas Kaltsoyannis","doi":"10.1002/cphc.202400816","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cphc.202400816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The actinide-actinide bonding in tri-actinide clusters [An₃Cl₆]<sup>z</sup> (An=Ac-Pu, z=1-6) and [An₃Cl₆Cp₃]<sup>z</sup> (z=-2-+3; Cp=(η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)) is studied using density functional theory. We find 3-centre bonding similar to the tri-thorium cluster [{Th(η⁸-C₈H₈)(μ₃-Cl)₂}₃{K(THF)₂}₂]<sub>∞</sub>, as we previously reported (Nature 2021, 598, 72-75). The population of 3-centre molecular orbitals (3c-MOs) by zero, one or two electrons correlates with shortening of the An-An bond lengths, which also decrease with increasing actinide atomic number, consistent with the contraction of the actinide valence atomic orbitals. Mulliken analyses indicate that these 3c-MOs predominantly involve An 6d and 5 f orbitals. Various methods evidence the presence of An-An bonding in most systems with populated 3c-MOs, including bond orders (Mayer and Wiberg), quantum theory of atoms in molecules metrics (ρ, ∇<sup>2</sup>ρ, -G/V, H, delocalization indices), electron localization function, and electron density assessments. Additionally, we explore the effect of Cp ligand substitution on uranium complexes, finding that bulkier Cp ligands can induce U-U bond distortions and result in slightly longer U-U bonds. Overall, this study advances our understanding of metal-metal bonding in tri-actinide clusters, highlighting its effects on geometric and electronic structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":9819,"journal":{"name":"Chemphyschem","volume":" ","pages":"e202400816"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}