Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences最新文献_第3页

Tithonian mafic intrusions in north-central Newfoundland: link to Atlantic rifting? 纽芬兰中北部的铁东期岩浆入侵:与大西洋裂陷有关?

IF 1.4 4区地球科学

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1139/cjes-2023-0022

Alexander L Peace, H. Sandeman, J. Welford, G. Dunning, Alfredo Camacho

{"title":"Tithonian mafic intrusions in north-central Newfoundland: link to Atlantic rifting?","authors":"Alexander L Peace, H. Sandeman, J. Welford, G. Dunning, Alfredo Camacho","doi":"10.1139/cjes-2023-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"The small volume, Mesozoic alkali gabbro intrusions of the Budgell Harbour and Dildo Pond stocks and associated alkaline lamprophyre dykes in Notre Dame Bay in Newfoundland are an example of onshore magmatism which may be associated with North Atlantic Ocean opening. Chemical abrasion isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) U-Pb dating of zircon from Budgell Harbour Stock drill core samples yielded a weighted average 206Pb/238U age of 147.9 ± 0.5 Ma (95% CI, MSWD = 0.10). Five 40Ar/39Ar laser step-heating, single phlogopite grain analyses from the Budgell Harbour and Dildo Pond stocks, plus a lamprophyre dyke, yielded ages ranging from 146.3 ± 0.2 to 149.5 ± 0.5 Ma. The data demonstrate a ca. 148 Ma (Jurassic, Tithonian) alkaline magmatic event in Newfoundland, contemporaneous with rifting and offshore basin formation. These new age data and published determinations from magmatic rocks on conjugate margins and adjacent regions reveal long-lived episodic magmatism in the embryonic North Atlantic rift environment. We propose a new model whereby magmatism occurred in Notre Dame Bay at the convergence of older crustal-scale faults and localized Moho depth variations which may have triggered lithospheric mantle melting through isothermal, distal, edge-driven upwelling related to regional extension.","PeriodicalId":9567,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"2011 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86335809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reply to the Discussion by Landing and Geyer on “The Terreneuvian MacCodrum Brook section, Mira terrane, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada: age constraints from ash layers, organic-walled microfossils, and trace fossils” 对Landing和Geyer关于“Terreneuvian MacCodrum Brook剖面，Mira terrane, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada:来自灰层、有机壁微化石和微量化石的年龄限制”的讨论的回复

4区地球科学

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1139/cjes-2023-0056

Sandra M. Barr, Chris E. White, Teodoro Palacios, Sören Jensen, Deanne van Rooyen, James L. Crowley

引用次数: 0

Where Ice Gave Way to Fire: Deglacial Volcanic Activity at the Edge of the Coast Mountains in Milbanke Sound, B.C. 冰在哪里让位于火:不列颠哥伦比亚省米尔班克湾海岸山脉边缘的冰川火山活动

IF 1.4 4区地球科学

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1139/cjes-2023-0080

T. Hamilton, R. Enkin, Zhen Li, J. Bednarski, D. C. Stacey, M. McGann, B. Jensen

{"title":"Where Ice Gave Way to Fire: Deglacial Volcanic Activity at the Edge of the Coast Mountains in Milbanke Sound, B.C.","authors":"T. Hamilton, R. Enkin, Zhen Li, J. Bednarski, D. C. Stacey, M. McGann, B. Jensen","doi":"10.1139/cjes-2023-0080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2023-0080","url":null,"abstract":"Kitasu Hill and MacGregor Cone formed along the Principe Laredo Fault on British Columbia’s central coast as the Wisconsinan ice sheet withdrew from the Coast Mountains. These small-volume Milbanke Sound Volcanoes (MSV) provide remarkable evidence for the intimate relationship between volcanic and glacial facies. The lavas are within-plate, differentiated (low MgO<7%) Ocean Island Basalts, hawaiites, and mugearites which formed from ~1% decompression melting of asthenosphere with residual garnet. Kitasu Hill, on glaciated bedrock, formed between 18-15 cal ka BP. Dipping, poorly stratified, admixed hyaloclastite and glacial diamicton with large plutonic clasts and pillow breccia comprise its basal tuya platform (0-43 masl). Subaerial nested cinder cones, with smaller capping lava flows, sit atop the tuya. New marine samples show McGregor Cone formed subaerially but now sits submerged at 43-200 mbsl on an eroded moraine at the mouth of Finlayson Channel. Seismic data and cores reveal glaciomarine sediments draping the cone’s lower slopes and show beach terraces. Cores contain glaciomarine diamictons, ice rafted debris, delicate glassy air fall tephra, and shallow, sublittoral, and deeper benthic foraminifera. Dates of 14.1–11.2 cal ka BP show volcanism spanned ~2000 years during floating ice shelf conditions. The MSV have similar proximal positions to the retreating ice sheet, display mixed volcano-glacial facies, and experienced similar unloading stresses during deglaciation. The MSV may represent deglacially triggered volcanism. The dates, geomorphic and geological evidence, constrain a local relative sea level curve for Milbanke Sound and show how ice gave way to fire.","PeriodicalId":9567,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87794465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Empress Group in Alberta, Canada 皇后集团在阿尔伯塔，加拿大

IF 1.4 4区地球科学

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1139/cjes-2022-0143

G. Hartman, S. Pawley, D. Utting, N. Atkinson, J. Liggett

{"title":"The Empress Group in Alberta, Canada","authors":"G. Hartman, S. Pawley, D. Utting, N. Atkinson, J. Liggett","doi":"10.1139/cjes-2022-0143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2022-0143","url":null,"abstract":"Basal gravel and sand mantling the bedrock floors of buried valleys throughout the Canadian Interior Plains, and conformably overlying proglacial lacustrine sediment, comprise the Empress Group. While previously conceptualized as stratigraphically equivalent deposits of preglacial rivers prior to the first and most extensive continental and montane glaciations, subsequent stratigraphic studies indicated that buried valley basal gravel must have been deposited between, or during, progressively more extensive continental glaciations and could not be stratigraphically equivalent throughout the buried valley network. However, in the general absence of formation-rank stratigraphic description of basal gravel units that might better inform the geologic history of the deposits, most workers simply consider Empress Group sediments time-transgressive. In this paper we examine basal gravel at provincial and regional scales to understand its genesis and geologic history. At the provincial scale we map basal gravel in three dimensions using a novel machine learning approach. At the regional scale we formally define basal gravel formations at either end of the largest buried valley system in Alberta, which informs its glacial history and physiographic development, and shows the importance of formation-rank stratigraphic description. Our results indicate that the buried valley network across Alberta is palimpsest in genesis and basal gravel units within it are chronostratigraphically intercalated between tills. We advocate that the Empress Group definition be extended across Alberta with modifications to improve its clarity and utility, and formally define the Old Fort, Unchaga, Ipiatik, and Winefred formations as part of the Empress Group.","PeriodicalId":9567,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83552575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detrital geochronology of the Cunningham Lake formation: an overlap succession linking Cache Creek terrane to Stikinia at ~205 Ma 坎宁安湖组的碎屑年代学:~205 Ma时Cache Creek地体与Stikinia的重叠演替

IF 1.4 4区地球科学

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1139/cjes-2023-0018

D. Milidragovic, L. Ootes, A. Zagorevski, N. Cleven, C. Wall, Yan Luo, R. Friedman

{"title":"Detrital geochronology of the Cunningham Lake formation: an overlap succession linking Cache Creek terrane to Stikinia at ~205 Ma","authors":"D. Milidragovic, L. Ootes, A. Zagorevski, N. Cleven, C. Wall, Yan Luo, R. Friedman","doi":"10.1139/cjes-2023-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2023-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Detrital zircon from three coarse-grained marine siliciclastic rocks was analyzed for U-Pb, Lu-Hf, and trace element compositions to constrain the timing of deposition and sediment provenance of the Cunningham Lake formation (formerly siliciclastic unit of the Sitlika assemblage) in north-central British Columbia. This strategy tests previously proposed sedimentary linkages between the Cache Creek terrane and the westerly rocks of the Stikine terrane. All three samples indicate maximum depositional ages at ca. 205-202 Ma (Rhaetian). The samples contain a predominant ca. 225-215 Ma detrital population, sourced from proximal contemporaneous volcanic arcs, and minor Permian to Middle Triassic and Carboniferous arc-derived detrital populations. The absence of Precambrian grains is consistent with the strongly suprachondritic zircon compositions (Hf(t) =+7 to +20), and indicates exclusively juvenile sources for the Cunningham Lake formation. Late Triassic sources of zircon are not known in the Cache Creek terrane and, except within western Stikine terrane, are uncommon among the Intermontane terranes that amalgamated with the Cache Creek terrane during Late Triassic-Early Jurassic. The Stikine suite (ca. 230-214 Ma) and coeval volcanic rocks in western Stikinia are the most probable sources of Late Triassic detritus for the Cunningham Lake formation. Stikinia’s Paleozoic basement is the probable source of Carboniferous detrital zircon. Volcanic arc-backarc complexes in the Cache Creek terrane are the most likely sources of Permian to Middle-Triassic detritus in the Intermontane terranes. Accordingly, the siliciclastic rocks of the Cunningham Lake formation represent an overlap sedimentary succession that links Stikinia to the Cache Creek terrane by the latest Triassic.","PeriodicalId":9567,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77573941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Initial development and sedimentary provenance of a middle Paleozoic foreland basin: Clam Bank Formation, western Newfoundland 纽芬兰西部中古生代前陆盆地的初始发育与沉积物源

IF 1.4 4区地球科学

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1139/cjes-2022-0092

G. Dix, G. Pignotta, S. White

{"title":"Initial development and sedimentary provenance of a middle Paleozoic foreland basin: Clam Bank Formation, western Newfoundland","authors":"G. Dix, G. Pignotta, S. White","doi":"10.1139/cjes-2022-0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2022-0092","url":null,"abstract":"The upper Silurian(?) to Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) Clam Bank Formation is the most northerly exposed middle Paleozoic foreland-basin succession in the Appalachian orogen. Understanding of its sedimentary history is poor, and there are contradictory interpretations of placement of its lower structural boundary. Our study redefines the lithostratigraphy and subdivides the ∼600 m thick formation into three paleoenvironmental successions: a lower coastal plain setting with fluvial channels giving way upsection to coastal flats with carbonate, colluvium with reworked paleosol material, and aeolian (silt) deposits; a middle coastal zone succession following marine transgression and deposition of shoreface sandstone; and an upper alluvial succession host to pedogenic and groundwater calcretes. A basal disconformity, though not exposed, is inferred from lithic and geochemical evidence for sediment mixing with underlying Upper Ordovician sources in the lowermost part of the formation. This supports previous interpretations of Silurian uplift along the Laurentian margin in response to the Salinian orogeny. Sedimentary provenance indicates quartzo-feldspathic sources throughout the formation, and sediment-transport indicators identify a northeast–southwest-oriented basin with northwest-directed fluvial input. U–Pb detrital zircon distributions associated with the paleocolluvium and younger transgressive sandstone document upsection loss of prominent age peaks of late Grenville (∼0.98 Ga) and pre-Grenville (1.5, 1.65, and 1.75 Ga) sources. The coastal plain succession and related detrital-zircon signature imply a mixture of distal and proximal sediment sources, the latter related to erosion of a weathered upland and exhumed Precambrian inliers in western Newfoundland. A more regional provenance signature with marine transgression suggests sediment transport in response to Acadian orogenesis.","PeriodicalId":9567,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74818203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits of the Dunnage Zone of the Newfoundland Appalachians: setting, styles, key advances, and future research 纽芬兰-阿巴拉契亚山脉垫层带火山成因块状硫化物矿床:背景、类型、关键进展和未来研究

4区地球科学

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1139/cjes-2022-0148

Stephen J. Piercey, John Hinchey, Greg W. Sparkes

{"title":"Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits of the Dunnage Zone of the Newfoundland Appalachians: setting, styles, key advances, and future research","authors":"Stephen J. Piercey, John Hinchey, Greg W. Sparkes","doi":"10.1139/cjes-2022-0148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2022-0148","url":null,"abstract":"The Dunnage Zone of the Newfoundland Appalachians hosts diverse Cambrian–Ordovician volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. The peri-Laurentian Notre Dame Subzone contains Cu–Zn–Au mafic and bimodal mafic deposits in ∼501–485 Ma ophiolitic rocks and Zn–Pb–Cu–(Au–Ag) deposits in ∼471–465 Ma bimodal rifted continental arc sequences (e.g., Buchans). The peri-Gondwanan rocks of the Exploits Subzone host Zn–Pb–Cu–(Au–Ag) bimodal felsic, felsic siliciclastic, and Zn–Ag–Au hybrid bimodal felsic deposits in the ∼513–486 Ma Victoria Lake supergroup; Cu–Zn bimodal felsic to bimodal mafic deposits of the ∼486 Ma Wild Bight Group; and Cu–(Au) mafic siliciclastic deposits of the ∼466 Ma Great Burnt Lake/South Pond belt. Regardless of age or stratigraphic hosts, all VMS deposits are associated with specific magmatic assemblages and extensional tectonism (i.e., rifting). Gold-enriched deposits of the Rambler-Ming district are associated with felsic rocks that formed via slab melting and subsequent melt-mantle wedge interaction, which likely enhanced precious metal enrichment in these deposits. Whereas many deposits exhaled on the seafloor, some deposits formed via subseafloor replacement of host units or as re-sedimented sulfides generated in sediment-gravity flows. Metals in the deposits were derived from leaching of underlying footwall rocks; however, Au–Ag- and epithermal suite element-enriched deposits show evidence for metal contributions from magmatic hydrothermal fluids. Sulfur in deposits was derived predominantly from leaching of H 2 S from underlying footwall rocks and from thermochemical sulfate reduction of seawater sulfate, with lesser input from bacteria-derived H 2 S and magmatic-hydrothermal-derived H 2 S. Despite recent research advances and historic mining, numerous questions remain unresolved and provide opportunities for future study.","PeriodicalId":9567,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135717464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Jiangshanian (Cambrian; Furongian) trilobite fauna from the Cow Head Group, western Newfoundland A江山期(寒武纪;来自纽芬兰西部牛头群的Furongian三叶虫动物群

IF 1.4 4区地球科学

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1139/cjes-2023-0036

S. Westrop, Jennifer D. Eoff

引用次数: 0

Pleistocene to Holocene Volcanism in the Canadian Cordillera 加拿大科迪勒拉地区更新世至全新世火山活动

IF 1.4 4区地球科学

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1139/cjes-2023-0065

J. Russell, B. Edwards, G. Williams-Jones, C. Hickson

{"title":"Pleistocene to Holocene Volcanism in the Canadian Cordillera","authors":"J. Russell, B. Edwards, G. Williams-Jones, C. Hickson","doi":"10.1139/cjes-2023-0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2023-0065","url":null,"abstract":"The Canadian Cordillera hosts numerous Pleistocene and Holocene volcanoes and volcanic deposits, including a number that have erupted within the last several hundred years. The nature and composition of volcanic edifices and deposits are diverse and dictated by the complex configuration of tectonic plates along the western margin of British Columbia and the thermal structure of the underlying mantle. Our modern knowledge of these is built upon more than a century of field- and increasingly, laboratory-based studies. We recognize five distinct volcanic domains within the Cordillera that are distributed across British Columbia, the Yukon Territory, and easternmost Alaska. These include: the Wrangell Volcanic Belt (WVB), the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province (NCVP), the Anahim Volcanic Belt (AVB), the Wells Grey - Clearwater Volcanic Field (WGCVF) and the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt (GVB) representing the northern extension of the Cascade Volcanic Arc. Volcanism in the Canadian Cordillera spans the full range of explosive to effusive behaviours, encompasses the suite of common volcanic chemical compositions (alkaline to calc-alkaline, nephelinite to peralkaline rhyolite), and is expressed by long-lived stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, and calderas, as well as shorter-lived tephra cones and associated lava flows. The range in tectonic settings (subduction to extension), eruption environments (subaerial-subaqueous-cryospheric), and topographic variability make volcanism within the Canadian Cordillera as diverse as anywhere on Earth, yet it is also the least studied. Here, we summarize the current state-of-knowledge concerning volcanism within the Canadian Cordillera and conclude with thoughts on research areas that merit further effort, namely glaciovolcanism and volcanic hazards.","PeriodicalId":9567,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89367943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

PbIso: an R package and web app for calculating and plotting Pb isotope data PbIso:一个R包和web应用程序，用于计算和绘制Pb同位素数据

4区地球科学

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1139/cjes-2023-0029

Sheree Armistead, Bruce Eglington, Sally J. Pehrsson

引用次数: 0