{"title":"Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase-positive matrix fibroblasts fuel breast cancer lung metastasis via kynurenine-mediated ferroptosis resistance of metastatic cells and T cell dysfunction.","authors":"Yongcan Liu, Shanchun Chen, Xueying Wan, Rui Wang, Haojun Luo, Chao Chang, Peijin Dai, Yubi Gan, Yuetong Guo, Yixuan Hou, Yan Sun, Yong Teng, Xiaojiang Cui, Manran Liu","doi":"10.1002/cac2.12608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tumor metastasis is a major threat to cancer patient survival. The organ-specific niche plays a pivotal role in tumor organotropic metastasis. Fibroblasts serve as a vital component of the metastatic microenvironment, but how heterogeneous metastasis-associated fibroblasts (MAFs) promote organotropic metastasis is poorly characterized. Here, we aimed to decipher the heterogeneity of MAFs and elucidate the distinct roles of these fibroblasts in pulmonary metastasis formation in breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mouse models of breast cancer pulmonary metastasis were established using an in vivo selection method of repeated injections of metastatic cells purified from the mouse lung. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) was employed to investigate the heterogeneity of MAFs. Transgenic mice were used to examine the contribution of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase-positive matrix fibroblasts (TDO2<sup>+</sup> MFs) in lung metastasis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We uncovered 3 subtypes of MAFs in the lung metastatic microenvironment, and their transcriptome profiles changed dynamically as lung metastasis evolved. As the predominant subtype, MFs were exclusively marked by platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) and mainly located on the edge of the metastasis, and T cells were enriched around MFs. Notably, high MF signatures were significantly associated with poor survival in breast cancer patients. Lung metastases were markedly diminished, and the suppression of T cells was dramatically attenuated in MF-depleted experimental metastatic mouse models. We found that TDO2<sup>+</sup> MFs controlled pulmonary metastasis by producing kynurenine (KYN), which upregulated ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) level in disseminated tumor cells (DTCs), enabling DTCs to resist ferroptosis. Moreover, TDO2<sup>+</sup> MF-secreted chemokines C-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CCL8) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11) recruited T cells. TDO2<sup>+</sup> MF-derived KYN induced T cell dysfunction. Conditional knockout of Tdo2 in MFs diminished lung metastasis and enhanced immune activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study reveals crucial roles of TDO2<sup>+</sup> MFs in promoting lung metastasis and DTCs' immune evasion in the metastatic niche. It suggests that targeting the metabolism of lung-specific stromal cells may be an effective treatment strategy for breast cancer patients with lung metastasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9495,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perioperative toripalimab plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy might improve outcomes in resectable esophageal cancer: an interim analysis of a phase III randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Yan Zheng, Guanghui Liang, Dongfeng Yuan, Xianben Liu, Yufeng Ba, Zimin Qin, Sining Shen, Zhenxuan Li, Haibo Sun, Baoxing Liu, Quanli Gao, Peng Li, Zongfei Wang, Shilei Liu, Jianping Zhu, Haoran Wang, Haibo Ma, Zhenzhen Liu, Fei Zhao, Jun Zhang, He Zhang, Daoyuan Wu, Jinrong Qu, Jie Ma, Peng Zhang, Wenjie Ma, Ming Yan, Yongkui Yu, Qing Li, Jiangong Zhang, Wenqun Xing","doi":"10.1002/cac2.12604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the era of immunotherapy, neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NAIC) for the treatment of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is used clinically but lacks of high-level clinical evidence. This study aimed to compare the safety and long-term efficacy of NAIC followed by minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) with those of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by MIE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective, single-center, open-label, randomized phase III clinical trial was conducted at Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either neoadjuvant toripalimab (240 mg) plus paclitaxel (175 mg/m<sup>2</sup>) + cisplatin (75 mg/m<sup>2</sup>) (toripalimab group) or paclitaxel + cisplatin alone (chemotherapy group) every 3 weeks for 2 cycles. After surgery, the toripalimab group received toripalimab (240 mg every 3 weeks for up to 6 months). The primary endpoint was event-free survival (EFS). The pathological complete response (pCR) and overall survival (OS) were key secondary endpoints. Adverse events (AEs) and quality of life were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between May 15, 2020 and August 13, 2021, 252 ESCC patients ranging from T1N1-3M0 to T2-3N0-3M0 were enrolled for interim analysis, with 127 in the toripalimab group and 125 in the chemotherapy group. The 1-year EFS rate was 77.9% in the toripalimab group compared to 64.3% in the chemotherapy group (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.39 to 1.00; P = 0.05). The 1-year OS rates were 94.1% and 83.0% in the toripalimab and chemotherapy groups, respectively (HR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.24 to 0.97; P = 0.037). The patients in the toripalimab group had a higher pCR rate (18.6% vs. 4.6%; P = 0.001). The rates of postoperative Clavien-Dindo grade IIIb or higher morbidity were 9.8% in the toripalimab group and 6.8% in the chemotherapy group, with no significant difference observed (P = 0.460). The rates of grade 3 or 4 treatment-related AEs did not differ between the two groups (12.5% versus 12.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The interim results of this ongoing trial showed that in resectable ESCC, the addition of perioperative toripalimab to NAC is safe, may improve OS and might change the standard treatment in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":9495,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jialiang Cai, Lina Song, Feng Zhang, Suiyi Wu, Guiqi Zhu, Peiling Zhang, Shiping Chen, Junxian Du, Biao Wang, Yufan Cai, Yi Yang, Jinglei Wan, Jian Zhou, Jia Fan, Zhi Dai
{"title":"Targeting SRSF10 might inhibit M2 macrophage polarization and potentiate anti-PD-1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Jialiang Cai, Lina Song, Feng Zhang, Suiyi Wu, Guiqi Zhu, Peiling Zhang, Shiping Chen, Junxian Du, Biao Wang, Yufan Cai, Yi Yang, Jinglei Wan, Jian Zhou, Jia Fan, Zhi Dai","doi":"10.1002/cac2.12607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poor. Although serine- and arginine-rich splicing factor (SRSF) family members play crucial roles in tumors, their impact on tumor immunology remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of SRSF10 in HCC immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To identify the key genes associated with immunotherapy resistance, we conducted single-nuclear RNA sequencing, multiplex immunofluorescence, and The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus database analyses. We investigated the biological functions of SRSF10 in immune evasion using in vitro co-culture systems, flow cytometry, various tumor-bearing mouse models, and patient-derived organotypic tumor spheroids.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SRSF10 was upregulated in various tumors and associated with poor prognosis. Moreover, SRSF10 positively regulated lactate production, and SRSF10/glycolysis/ histone H3 lysine 18 lactylation (H3K18la) formed a positive feedback loop in tumor cells. Increased lactate levels promoted M2 macrophage polarization, thereby inhibiting CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell activity. Mechanistically, SRSF10 interacted with the 3'-untranslated region of MYB, enhancing MYB RNA stability, and subsequently upregulating key glycolysis-related enzymes including glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), hexokinase 1 (HK1), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), resulting in elevated intracellular and extracellular lactate levels. Lactate accumulation induced histone lactylation, which further upregulated SRSF10 expression. Additionally, lactate produced by tumors induced lactylation of the histone H3K18la site upon transport into macrophages, thereby activating transcription and enhancing pro-tumor macrophage activity. M2 macrophages, in turn, inhibited the enrichment of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and the proportion of interferon-γ<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), thus creating an immunosuppressive TME. Clinically, SRSF10 could serve as a biomarker for assessing immunotherapy resistance in various solid tumors. Pharmacological targeting of SRSF10 with a selective inhibitor 1C8 enhanced the efficacy of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in both murine and human preclinical models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The SRSF10/MYB/glycolysis/lactate axis is critical for triggering immune evasion and anti-PD-1 resistance. Inhibiting SRSF10 by 1C8 may overcome anti-PD-1 tolerance in HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9495,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nelleke Pietronella Maria Brouwer, Ayse Selcen Oguz Erdogan, Shannon van Vliet, Natasja Rutgers, Nikki Knijn, Gesina van Lijnschoten, Jessica Juliana Tan, Johannes Hendrik Willem de Wilt, Niek Hugen, Gina Brown, Femke Simmer, Iris Dionne Nagtegaal
{"title":"Unraveling the routes to distant metastases in colorectal cancer: Tumor deposits and lymph node metastases as the gateway.","authors":"Nelleke Pietronella Maria Brouwer, Ayse Selcen Oguz Erdogan, Shannon van Vliet, Natasja Rutgers, Nikki Knijn, Gesina van Lijnschoten, Jessica Juliana Tan, Johannes Hendrik Willem de Wilt, Niek Hugen, Gina Brown, Femke Simmer, Iris Dionne Nagtegaal","doi":"10.1002/cac2.12598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12598","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9495,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142055045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Concurrent chemoradiotherapyof different radiation doses and different irradiation fields for locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A randomized, multicenter, phase III clinical trial.","authors":"Jian Zhang, Minghao Li, Kaixian Zhang, Anping Zheng, Guang Li, Wei Huang, Shaoshui Chen, Xiangming Chen, Xiaomin Li, Yanxing Sheng, Xinchen Sun, Liping Liu, Xiaowei Liu, Jie Li, Jun Wang, Hong Ge, Shucheng Ye, Qingsong Pang, Xianwen Zhang, Shengbin Dai, Richard Yu, Wendong Gu, Mingming Dai, Gaowa Siqin, Yunwei Han, Xiaolin Ge, Xin Yuan, Yongjing Yang, Haiwen Zhu, Juan Pu, Lihua Dong, Xiangdong Sun, Jundong Zhou, Weidong Mao, Fei Gao, Haiqun Lin, Heyi Gong, Tao Zhou, Zhenjiang Li, Hongsheng Li, Zhongtang Wang, Baosheng Li","doi":"10.1002/cac2.12601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the standard treatment for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the optimal radiotherapy regimen, particularly in terms of total dose and planned range of irradiation field, remains unclear. This phase III clinical trial aimed to compare the survival benefits between different radiation doses and different target fields.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This trial compared two aspects of radiation treatment, total dose and field, using a two-by-two factorial design. The high-dose (HD) group received 59.4 Gy radiation, and the standard-dose (SD) group received 50.4 Gy. The involved field irradiation (IFI) group and elective nodal irradiation (ENI) group adopted different irradiation ranges. The participants were assigned to one of the four groups (HD+ENI, HD+IFI, SD+ENI and SD+IFI). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS). The synergy indexwas used to measure the interaction effect between dose and field.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The interaction analysis did not reveal significant synergistic effects between the dose and irradiation field. In comparison to the target field, patients in IFI or ENI showed similar OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.80-1.23, p = 0.930) and PFS (HR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.82-1.25). The HD treatment did not show significantly prolonged OS compared with SD (HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.72-1.11, p = 0.318), but it suggested improved PFS (25.2 months to 18.0 months). Among the four groups, the HD+IFI group presented the best survival, while the SD+IFI group had the worst prognosis. No significant difference in the occurrence of severe adverse events was found in dose or field comparisons.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IFI demonstrated similar treatment efficacy to ENI in CCRT of ESCC. The HD demonstrated improved PFS, but did not significantly improve OS. The dose escalation based on IFI (HD+IFI) showed better therapeutic efficacy than the current recommendation (SD+ENI) and is worth further validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9495,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maxim Noeraparast, Katarina Krajina, Renate Pichler, Dora Niedersüß-Beke, Shahrokh F Shariat, Viktor Grünwald, Sascha Ahyai, Martin Pichler
{"title":"FGFR3 alterations in bladder cancer: Sensitivity and resistance to targeted therapies.","authors":"Maxim Noeraparast, Katarina Krajina, Renate Pichler, Dora Niedersüß-Beke, Shahrokh F Shariat, Viktor Grünwald, Sascha Ahyai, Martin Pichler","doi":"10.1002/cac2.12602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this review, we revisit the pivotal role of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) in bladder cancer (BLCA), underscoring its prevalence in both non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive forms of the disease. FGFR3 mutations in up to half of BLCAs play a well-established role in tumorigenesis, shaping distinct tumor initiation patterns and impacting the tumor microenvironment (TME). Emphasizing the importance of considering epithelial-mesenchymal transition profile and TME status, we revisit their relevance in predicting responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors in FGFR3-mutated BLCAs. This writing highlights the initially promising yet transient efficacy of the FGFR inhibitor Erdafitinib on FGFR3-mutated BLCA, stressing the pressing need to unravel resistance mechanisms and identify co-targets for future combinatorial studies. A thorough analysis of recent preclinical and clinical evidence reveals resistance mechanisms, including secondary mutations, epigenetic alterations in pathway effectors, phenotypic heterogeneity, and population-specific variations within FGFR3 mutational status. Lastly, we discuss the potential of combinatorial treatments and concepts like synthetic lethality for discovering more effective targeted therapies against FGFR3-mutated BLCA.</p>","PeriodicalId":9495,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuji Uehara, Shumei Kato, Daisuke Nishizaki, Hirotaka Miyashita, Suzanna Lee, Mary K Nesline, Sarabjot Pabla, Jeffrey M Conroy, Paul DePietro, Heidi Ko, Jason K Sicklick, Razelle Kurzrock
{"title":"4-1BB transcriptomic expression patterns across malignancies: Implications for clinical trials of 4-1BB agonists.","authors":"Yuji Uehara, Shumei Kato, Daisuke Nishizaki, Hirotaka Miyashita, Suzanna Lee, Mary K Nesline, Sarabjot Pabla, Jeffrey M Conroy, Paul DePietro, Heidi Ko, Jason K Sicklick, Razelle Kurzrock","doi":"10.1002/cac2.12592","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cac2.12592","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9495,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141888502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hao Zhang, Li Fu, Xinwen Leiliang, Chunrun Qu, Wantao Wu, Rong Wen, Ning Huang, Qiuguang He, Quan Cheng, Guodong Liu, Yuan Cheng
{"title":"Beyond the Gut: The intratumoral microbiome's influence on tumorigenesis and treatment response.","authors":"Hao Zhang, Li Fu, Xinwen Leiliang, Chunrun Qu, Wantao Wu, Rong Wen, Ning Huang, Qiuguang He, Quan Cheng, Guodong Liu, Yuan Cheng","doi":"10.1002/cac2.12597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intratumoral microbiome (TM) refers to the microorganisms in the tumor tissues, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and so on, and is distinct from the gut microbiome and circulating microbiota. TM is strongly associated with tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and response to therapy. This paper highlights the current status of TM. Tract sources, adjacent normal tissue, circulatory system, and concomitant tumor co-metastasis are the main origin of TM. The advanced techniques in TM analysis are comprehensively summarized. Besides, TM is involved in tumor progression through several mechanisms, including DNA damage, activation of oncogenic signaling pathways (phosphoinositide 3-kinase [PI3K], signal transducer and activator of transcription [STAT], WNT/β-catenin, and extracellular regulated protein kinases [ERK]), influence of cytokines and induce inflammatory responses, and interaction with the tumor microenvironment (anti-tumor immunity, pro-tumor immunity, and microbial-derived metabolites). Moreover, promising directions of TM in tumor therapy include immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, the application of probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics, fecal microbiome transplantation, engineered microbiota, phage therapy, and oncolytic virus therapy. The inherent challenges of clinical application are also summarized. This review provides a comprehensive landscape for analyzing TM, especially the TM-related mechanisms and TM-based treatment in cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":9495,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141859128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances and clinical applications of immune checkpoint inhibitors in hematological malignancies.","authors":"Wenyue Sun, Shunfeng Hu, Xin Wang","doi":"10.1002/cac2.12587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoints are differentially expressed on various immune cells to regulate immune responses in tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells can activate the immune checkpoint pathway to establish an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and inhibit the anti-tumor immune response, which may lead to tumor progression by evading immune surveillance. Interrupting co-inhibitory signaling pathways with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) could reinvigorate the anti-tumor immune response and promote immune-mediated eradication of tumor cells. As a milestone in tumor treatment, ICIs have been firstly used in solid tumors and subsequently expanded to hematological malignancies, which are in their infancy. Currently, immune checkpoints have been investigated as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets in hematological malignancies, and novel immune checkpoints, such as signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-inducible protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2), are constantly being discovered. Numerous ICIs have received clinical approval for clinical application in the treatment of hematological malignancies, especially when used in combination with other strategies, including oncolytic viruses (OVs), neoantigen vaccines, bispecific antibodies (bsAb), bio-nanomaterials, tumor vaccines, and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. Moreover, the proportion of individuals with hematological malignancies benefiting from ICIs remains lower than expected due to multiple mechanisms of drug resistance and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Close monitoring and appropriate intervention are needed to mitigate irAEs while using ICIs. This review provided a comprehensive overview of immune checkpoints on different immune cells, the latest advances of ICIs and highlighted the clinical applications of immune checkpoints in hematological malignancies, including biomarkers, targets, combination of ICIs with other therapies, mechanisms of resistance to ICIs, and irAEs, which can provide novel insight into the future exploration of ICIs in tumor treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9495,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":20.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}