Canadian Journal of Forest Research最新文献

{"title":"Microenvironment has little effect on the litter decomposition rate of temperate trees","authors":"F. Piper, A. Cárdenas, A. Zúñiga-Feest, J. Orlando, Diego Leiva, A. Rolleri","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2022-0327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2022-0327","url":null,"abstract":"Individual tree species might affect underground soil properties to favor the decomposition of their own litter. However, in some studies, monospecific litter decomposed faster underneath multispecific canopies than under canopies of the same species as the litter, suggesting that plant diversity in the overstorey creates a more favorable decomposition microenvironment. We compared the decomposition rate of monospecific litter from eight temperate tree species under the crown of the same species as the litter (conspecific canopy), and a multispecific canopy formed by eight species. Using model selection, we determined the influence of the microenvironments, species, and litter chemistry on decomposition rate. The most robust model included the species and canopy type, but it differed only slightly from the model including only the species. Decomposition rate was significantly different among species and higher in conspecific canopy than multispecific canopy in all species. Models including specific leaf area (SLA) and different combinations of chemical traits of the litter were less robust than the null model. These results show that the species origin of the litter was significantly more important than the microenvironment to explain litter decomposition rate.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45993381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OPTIMAL ALLOCATION MODEL OF FOREST FIRE DETECTION TOWERS IN PROTECTED AREAS BASED ON FIRE OCCURRENCE RISK: WHERE AND HOW TO ACT?","authors":"A. H. C. Ramalho, N. Fiedler, A. R. dos Santos, R. S. Juvanhol, T. M. O. Peluzio, H. M. Dias, R. S. Pereira, Fernanda Dalfiôr Maffioletti, Jâmille Silva Araújo, Mariana Aquino Aragão, Gabriel Madeira da Silva Guanaes, Leonardo Duarte Biazatti, F. Lucas","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0084","url":null,"abstract":"Forest fire detection towers are crucial in supporting rapid firefighting actions in conservation units and thus reducing environmental, social, and economic damages. Thus, the aim was to evaluate scenarios for optimal allocation of forest fire detection towers, according to the risk of occurrence, in the Caparaó National Park, Brazil. Thus, by geotechnological analysis, the area’s most susceptible to forest fires and the optimal locations for installation of detection and monitoring for these events were delimited. To run the proposed models, biological, physical, socioeconomic, and meteorological variables were used. From the application of the methodologies, it was observed that 76.70% of the study area was covered by low, moderate, and shallow fire risk classes, while high and very high-risk classes were concentrated in the buffer zone. The scenario with 45 towers was considered the most advantageous, given that they presented viewing levels above 70% and a lower cost per hectare viewed than the scenario with 48 towers. Results showed no critical risks of fire occurrence within the Conservation Unit, but preventive measures are still needed to avoid fire spread, particularly near the buffer zone. The study's methodologies can be applied in other areas to improve forest fire prevention and control efforts.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45056354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Subclinical atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with low cardiovascular risk].","authors":"E V Gerasimova, T V Popkova, M V Shalygina, I G Kirillova, D A Gerasimova, S I Glukhova, E L Nasonov","doi":"10.26442/00403660.2023.05.202203","DOIUrl":"10.26442/00403660.2023.05.202203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the detection rate of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with low cardiovascular risk (CVR).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study included 182 RA patients with low CVR (mSCORE<1%) and no established cardiovascular diseases and a control group comprising 100 people. Atherosclerotic lesion of the carotid arteries was assessed using Doppler ultrasound of the carotid arteries and was determined by the detection of atherosclerotic plaque (ASP) - the local increase in the thickness of the intima-media complex (IMT) >1.5 mm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Carotid ASP were observed more frequently in RA patients with low CVR than in the control group (17% versus 8%; <i>p</i>=0.02). The frequency of ASP in RA patients with low CVR did not depend on the disease's stage or activity and ongoing therapy. In RA, the detection of subclinical atherosclerosis was associated with traditional risk factors: carotid ASP were detected 4 times more often in men than in women (48% versus 12%, <i>p</i><0.01); carotid IMT correlated with age (R=0.46), body mass index (R=0.17), LDL-C level (R=0.20), systolic blood pressure (R=0.17); <i>p</i><0.05 in all cases. According to a multivariate model, in RA, the risk of developing ASP increased in the presence of dyslipidemia (odds ratio - OR 2.97; 95% confidence interval - CI 1.36-6.49; <i>p</i>=0.006) and arterial hypertension (OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.03-4.54; <i>p</i>=0.04). In RA patients with carotid ASP, sCD40L level was associated with carotid IMT (R=0.32; <i>p</i>=0.04) and cholesterol concentration (R=0.39; <i>p</i>=0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Subclinical atherosclerotic lesions of the carotid arteries were observed in 24% of RA patients with low cardiovascular risk and were detected almost 2 times more often than in the control group. In RA patients with low CVR, the risk of developing carotid ASP increased by 2-3 times with concomitant hypertension and dyslipidemia. The carotid IMT was associated with traditional risk factors - age, gender, lipid levels and blood pressure indicators, in cases of detection of ASP - with an immunoinflammatory marker - sCD40L.</p>","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"375-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85866337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GENETIC CONTROL AND EARLY SELECTION OF THREE Corymbia SPECIES","authors":"L. Miranda, Regiane Abjaud Estopa, J. Paludeto, E. Tambarussi","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0038","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study was to investigate genetic control for individual volume (VOL) and genetic and phenotypic correlation between trait measured at two different ages. We also assessed three different selection intensities (i=1%, i=5% and i= 10%) to understand the effects on genetic gain and effective size. Eight progeny tests were evaluated included three tests of C. citriodora (CCT), two tests of C. variegata (CCV), and three tests of C. torelliana (CTO). Narrow-sense heritability (h ̂_a^2) ranged from 0.264 to 0.62 for the CCT tests, from 0.07 to 0.21 for the CCV tests, and from 0.14 to 0.69 for CTO. The coefficients of individual genetic variation (CVgi (%)) ranged from 22.5% to 63.9% for CCT, from 19,3% to 28,3% for CCV, and from 22.8% to 41.3% for CTO. Considering a selection intensity of 10%, the Ne after selection would range from 31 to 98 for CCT, 36 to 47 for CCV, and 45 to 62 for CTO. For the TP8two CTO tests, a selection intensity greater than 10% is recommended. With ana selection intensity of 10%, genetic gains ranged from 25 to 107% for CCT, from 14 to 27% for CCV, and from 19 to 64% for CTO","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41361648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARING LANDSCAPE PARTITIONING APPROACHES TO PROTECT WILDLIFE HABITAT IN MANAGED FORESTS","authors":"D. Yemshanov, T. Hart, J. Cameron, Ning Liu, F. Koch, Mathieu Leblond","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2022-0272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2022-0272","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial forestry activities can increase landscape fragmentation, impacting wildlife populations, particularly Canada’s woodland caribou, Rangifer tarandus caribou. To protect caribou in areas with forestry activities, the province of Ontario, Canada, implemented a Dynamic Caribou Harvest Schedule (DCHS). The DCHS spatially aggregates harvest disturbance into regions and distributes them across the landscape to maintain forest patch size-age distributions consistent with a natural variation range. However, the DCHS may negatively impact the cost of timber supply. We compared the DCHS with an alternative zoning approach that assigned the harvest deferral and operational management zones within a large forest area. We compared these approaches using an optimization model that combined harvest scheduling, access road construction and caribou protection sub-problems. We formulated the protection of caribou habitat and road construction as network flow problems, while the harvesting problem incorporated the ecological constraints prescribed by the forest management plan. We compared the DCHS and zoning approaches in the Wabadowgang Noopming Forest of Ontario, a boreal area within the caribou distribution zone. For the same volume of sustainable harvest, the zoning approach protected less total area but more habitat and old-growth stands over the long term, and yielded lower timber costs by 1.2-2.2$-m-3 than the DCHS.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46031173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal community dynamics in coarse woody debris across decay stage, tree species, and stand development stage in northern boreal forests","authors":"S. Hart, T. Porter, N. Basiliko, L. Venier, Mehrdad Hajibabaei, D. Morris","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0061","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi are primary agents of coarse woody debris (CWD) decay in boreal forests, playing an essential role in nutrient cycling and carbon storage. We compared fungal community assemblages using alpha and beta diversity metrics, and physical and chemical properties of CWD across 3 tree species (trembling aspen [Populus tremuloides], black spruce [Picea mariana], and jack pine [Pinus banksiana]), 5 decay classes, and 2 stand development stages, differing in time-since-stand replacing disturbance in Ontario’s boreal forest region. We sampled 180 individual CWD logs from 6 independent stands, with 3 replicates per each species × decay class combination at each site. Using high-throughput sequencing of marker DNA, we found that fungal community structure significantly differed across tree species, decay stage, and stand age. Fungal diversity was highest in decay class 4 CWD. We found that Mn and K concentrations, total carbon, C/N ratio, N/P ratio, and moisture content were important predictors of fungal composition across CWD species and/or decay stage. This study suggests that forest management guidelines that consider both deadwood quantity and quality will support a broader range of fungal species and communities through post-disturbance stand development.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43110799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production Efficiency of Loblolly Pine Stands Under Roundwood and Carbon Price Risks","authors":"Yu-Kai Huang, P. Dwivedi","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2022-0218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2022-0218","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the efficiency of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) production under roundwood and carbon price risks. The data are generated from the biophysical-economic optimization model, consisting of the loblolly pine growth and yield model in Georgia, United States, combined with a stochastic economic model. The model incorporates the timber and carbon price risk parameters and generates the optimal biomass volumes and the associated harvest profits for 56 scenarios given different silvicultural treatments and price risks. Timber production efficiencies under each scenario are evaluated using the data envelopment analysis. This study also assesses potential economic losses due to inefficient forest production. The result shows that forest landowners with lower risk tolerance have a higher profit foregone. Inefficient forest management could cause up to $319/ha and $405/ha of potential economic losses under herbicide and fertilizer treatment scenarios, respectively. As timber-related price risks can influence forest landowners’ decisions, the findings of this study incorporating different risks would help forestry professionals and policymakers to establish a more realistic and greater degree of accuracy in the forest productivity evaluation.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43209476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model-assisted domain estimation of postfire tree regeneration in the western US using nearest neighbor techniques","authors":"David L. R. Affleck, George C. Gaines","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Many nations administer national forest inventory programs for unbiased estimation of forest attributes over broad spatial and temporal extents. However, management and conservation decisions often demand reliable estimates for finer spatiotemporal domains. In the western US, wildfire activity is expanding and postfire regeneration must contend with a warmer, drier climate. We evaluate the potential of K nearest neighbor (KNN) strategies for estimation of stocking across postfire measurements of Forest Inventory & Analysis plots in 11 western US states, and subsequently for model-assisted (MA) estimation of stocking over domains defined by aggregations of burned areas within individual states and 4-year periods. In particular, we develop and evaluate a form of constrained KNN that allows for unbiased MA domain estimation under simple random sampling by drawing only on measurements external to a domain of interest. KNN strategies based on geographically, radiometrically, and climatically proximate measurements are found to provide more accurate estimates of stocking at the plot level than domain means. Applying the selected external KNN strategy also reduced standard errors of MA domain estimates by 16% over direct domain estimators, but bias correction introduces substantial variability over synthetic estimates. Further applications of the external constraint imposed on KNN are discussed.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49422477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the effectiveness of using acoustic velocity as an indirect measurement of branchiness in standing longleaf pine","authors":"Jacks M.T. Hausle, J. Forrester, Trevor D. Walker","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0052","url":null,"abstract":"Branches reduce stem quality, and the level of the effect is determined by the geometry, size, and number, of associated knots. Quantifying branchiness is difficult, as visual estimates are subjective, and mechanical measurements are impractical. Acoustic velocity (AV) is a relatively novel measurement capturing the speed stress travels through wood. AV is correlated with wood stiffness and is affected by internal characteristics like knots. This project tested AV as an indirect branchiness metric by measuring AV, height, diameter, and counting branches classified by diameter on 255 standing 8 year old longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris). AV was highly correlated with height (r = 0.76, p < 0.0001) and slenderness (r = 0.52, p < 0.0001). AV was moderately correlated with large living branches (diameter > 2.54 cm) (r = −0.27, p < 0.0001), but not correlated with total branches. Height, slenderness, and the count of large living branches (diameter > 2.54 cm) were included in the selected model for AV. Inclusion of dead or small (diameter < 2.54 cm) branches reduced model power. The best model captured 11% of the variation in AV, of which branches explained 5%. We conclude that AV does not appropriately quantify individual tree branchiness, but may be suitable for comparing populations such as families or provenances.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44205179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bacterial symbiont in the gill of the marine scallop <i>Argopecten irradians irradians</i> metabolizes dimethylsulfoniopropionate.","authors":"Yi Shu, Yongming Wang, Zhongcheng Wei, Ning Gao, Shuyan Wang, Chun-Yang Li, Qiang Xing, Xiaoli Hu, Xiao-Hua Zhang, Yu-Zhong Zhang, Weipeng Zhang, Zhenmin Bao, Wei Ding","doi":"10.1002/mlf2.12072","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mlf2.12072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial lysis of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a key step in marine organic sulfur cycling and has been recently demonstrated to play an important role in mediating interactions between bacteria, algae, and zooplankton. To date, microbes that have been found to lyse DMSP are largely confined to free-living and surface-attached bacteria. In this study, we report for the first time that a symbiont (termed \"<i>Rhodobiaceae</i> bacterium HWgs001\") in the gill of the marine scallop <i>Argopecten irradians irradians</i> can lyse and metabolize DMSP. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that HWgs001 accounted for up to 93% of the gill microbiota. Microscopic observations suggested that HWgs001 lived within the gill tissue. Unlike symbionts of other bivalves, HWgs001 belongs to <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i> rather than <i>Gammaproteobacteria</i>, and no genes for carbon fixation were identified in its small genome. Moreover, HWgs001 was found to possess a <i>dddP</i> gene, responsible for the lysis of DMSP to acrylate. The enzymatic activity of <i>dddP</i> was confirmed using the heterologous expression, and in situ transcription of the gene in scallop gill tissues was demonstrated using reverse-transcription PCR. Together, these results revealed a taxonomically and functionally unique symbiont, which represents the first-documented DMSP-metabolizing symbiont likely to play significant roles in coastal marine ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"178-189"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10989825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85816004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}