Bulletin of the Society of Sea Water Science, Japan最新文献

{"title":"On the Satisfiability of Smooth Grid CSPs","authors":"V. Alferov, Mateus de Oliveira Oliveira","doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2022.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2022.18","url":null,"abstract":"Many important NP-hard problems, arising in a wide variety of contexts, can be reduced straightforwardly to the satisfiability problem for CSPs whose underlying graph is a grid. In this work, we push forward the study of grid CSPs by analyzing, from an experimental perspective, a symbolic parameter called smoothness. More specifically, we implement an algorithm that provably works in polynomial time on grids of polynomial smoothness. Subsequently, we compare our algorithm with standard combinatorial optimization techniques, such as SAT-solving and integer linear programming (ILP). For this comparison, we use a class of grid-CSPs encoding the pigeonhole principle. We demonstrate, empirically, that these CSPs have polynomial smoothness and that our algorithm terminates in polynomial time. On the other hand, as strong evidence that the grid-like encoding is not destroying the essence of the pigeonhole principle, we show that the standard propositional translation of pigeonhole CSPs remains hard for state-of-the-art SAT solvers, such as minisat and glucose, and even to state-of-the-art integer linear-programming solvers, such as Coin-OR CBC.","PeriodicalId":9448,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Society of Sea Water Science, Japan","volume":"21 1 1","pages":"18:1-18:14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80506077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic Reformulations for Convex Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Optimization: Perspective and Separability","authors":"Meenarli Sharma, Ashutosh Mahajan","doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2022.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2022.23","url":null,"abstract":"Tight reformulations of combinatorial optimization problems like Convex Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programs (MINLPs) enable one to solve these problems faster by obtaining tight bounds on optimal value. We consider two techniques for reformulation: perspective reformulation and separability detection. We develop routines for automatic detection of problem structures suitable for these reformulations, and implement new extensions. Since detecting all “on-off” sets for perspective reformulation in a problem can be as hard as solving the original problem, we develop heuristic methods to automatically identify them. The LP/NLP branch-and-bound method is strengthened via “perspective cuts” derived from these automatic routines. We also provide methods to generate tight perspective cuts at different nodes in the branch-and-bound tree. The second structure, i.e., separability of nonlinear functions, is detected by means of the computational graph of the function. Our routines have been implemented in the open-source Minotaur solver for general convex MINLPs. Computational results show an improvement of up to 45% in the solution time and the size of the branch-and-bound tree for convex instances from benchmark library MINLPLib. On instances where reformulation using function separability induces structures that are amenable to perspective reformulation, we observe an improvement of up to 88% in the solution time.","PeriodicalId":9448,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Society of Sea Water Science, Japan","volume":"506 1","pages":"23:1-23:20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80068166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Minimum Weight Vertex Cover Heuristics Using Graph Neural Networks","authors":"K. Langedal, J. Langguth, F. Manne, Daniel Thilo Schroeder","doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2022.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2022.12","url":null,"abstract":"Minimum weighted vertex cover is the NP-hard graph problem of choosing a subset of vertices incident to all edges such that the sum of the weights of the chosen vertices is minimum. Previous efforts for solving this in practice have typically been based on search-based iterative heuristics or exact algorithms that rely on reduction rules and branching techniques. Although exact methods have shown success in solving instances with up to millions of vertices efficiently, they are limited in practice due to the NP-hardness of the problem. We present a new hybrid method that combines elements from exact methods, iterative search, and graph neural networks (GNNs). More specifically, we first compute a greedy solution using reduction rules whenever possible. If no such rule applies, we consult a GNN model that selects a vertex that is likely to be in or out of the solution, potentially opening up for further reductions. Finally, we use an improved local search strategy to enhance the solution further. Extensive experiments on graphs of up to a billion edges show that the proposed GNN-based approach finds better solutions than existing heuristics. Compared to exact solvers, the method produced solutions that are, on average, 0.04% away from the optimum while taking less time than all state-of-the-art alternatives. based on Dataset 1 and 3, we present a deeper analysis of the different components of our GNN-based approach. Finally, we include results on Dataset 4.","PeriodicalId":9448,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Society of Sea Water Science, Japan","volume":"2006 1","pages":"12:1-12:17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83041741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Branch-And-Bound Algorithm for Cluster Editing","authors":"Thomas Bläsius, Philipp Fischbeck, Lars Gottesbüren, M. Hamann, Tobias Heuer, Jonas Spinner, Christopher Weyand, Marcus Wilhelm","doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2022.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2022.13","url":null,"abstract":"The cluster editing problem asks to transform a given graph into a disjoint union of cliques by inserting and deleting as few edges as possible. We describe and evaluate an exact branch-and-bound algorithm for cluster editing. For this, we introduce new reduction rules and adapt existing ones. Moreover, we generalize a known packing technique to obtain lower bounds and experimentally show that it contributes significantly to the performance of the solver. Our experiments further evaluate the effectiveness of the different reduction rules and examine the effects of structural properties of the input graph on solver performance. Our solver won the exact track of the 2021 PACE challenge.","PeriodicalId":9448,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Society of Sea Water Science, Japan","volume":"25 1","pages":"13:1-13:19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83946320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast Computation of Shortest Smooth Paths and Uniformly Bounded Stretch with Lazy RPHAST","authors":"Tim Zeitz","doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2022.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2022.3","url":null,"abstract":"We study the shortest smooth path problem (SSPP), which is motivated by traffic-aware routing in road networks. The goal is to compute the fastest route according to the current traffic situation while avoiding undesired detours, such as briefly using a parking area to bypass a jammed highway. Detours are prevented by limiting the uniformly bounded stretch (UBS) with respect to a second weight function which disregards the traffic situation. The UBS is a path quality metric which measures the maximum relative length of detours on a path. In this paper, we settle the complexity of the SSPP and show that it is strongly NP -complete. We then present practical algorithms to solve the problem on continental-sized road networks both heuristically and exactly. A crucial building block of these algorithms is the UBS evaluation. We propose a novel algorithm to compute the UBS with only a few shortest path computations on typical paths. All our algorithms utilize Lazy RPHAST, a recently proposed technique to incrementally compute distances from many vertices towards a common target. An extensive evaluation shows that our algorithms outperform competing SSPP algorithms by up to two orders of magnitude and that our new UBS algorithm is the first to consistently compute exact UBS values in a matter of milliseconds. and proofreading of early drafts of this paper. I also want to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Finally, I would like to thank Jakob Bussas who did a proof-of-concept implementation of the ideas presented here for his bachelor’s thesis.","PeriodicalId":9448,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Society of Sea Water Science, Japan","volume":"39 1","pages":"3:1-3:18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80530701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic Route Planning for Electric Vehicles","authors":"Payas Rajan, C. Ravishankar","doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2022.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2022.15","url":null,"abstract":"Electric Vehicle routing is often modeled as a generalization of the energy-constrained shortest path problem, taking travel times and energy consumptions on road network edges to be deterministic. In practice, however, energy consumption and travel times are stochastic distributions, typically estimated from real-world data. Consequently, real-world routing algorithms can make only probabilistic feasibility guarantees. Current stochastic route planning methods either fail to ensure that routes are energy-feasible, or if they do, have not been shown to scale well to large graphs. Our work bridges this gap by finding routes to maximize on-time arrival probability and the set of non-dominated routes under two criteria for stochastic route feasibility: E -feasibility and p -feasibility. Our E -feasibility criterion ensures energy-feasibility in expectation, using expected energy values along network edges. Our p -feasibility criterion accounts for the actual distribution along edges, and keeps the stranding probability along the route below a user-specified threshold p . We generalize the charging function propagation algorithm to accept stochastic edge weights to find routes that maximize the probability of on-time arrival, while maintaining E - or p -feasibility. We also extend multi-criteria Contraction Hierarchies to accept stochastic edge weights and offer heuristics to speed up queries. Our experiments on a real-world road network instance of the Los Angeles area show that our methods answer stochastic queries in reasonable time, that the two criteria produce similar routes for longer deadlines, but that E -feasibility queries can be much faster than p -feasibility queries. Mapbox Community access to the Mapbox Traffic Data used in our experiments.","PeriodicalId":9448,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Society of Sea Water Science, Japan","volume":"1 1","pages":"15:1-15:17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79763482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Fast Data Structure for Dynamic Graphs Based on Hash-Indexed Adjacency Blocks","authors":"Alexander van der Grinten, Maria Predari, Florian Willich","doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2022.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2022.11","url":null,"abstract":"Several dynamic graph data structures have been proposed in literature. Yet, these data structures either offer limited support for arbitrary graph algorithms or they are designed as part of specific frameworks (e.g., for GPUs or specialized hardware). Such frameworks are difficult to adopt to arbitrary graph computations and lead practitioners to fall back to less sophisticated solutions when dealing with dynamic graphs. In this work, we propose a new “dynamic hashed blocks” (DHB) data structure for sparse dynamic graphs and matrices on general-purpose CPU architectures. DHB combines an efficient block-based memory layout to store incident edges with an additional per-vertex hash index for high degree vertices. This hash index allows us to quickly insert edges without introducing duplicates, while the block-based memory layout retains advantageous cache locality properties of traditional adjacency arrays. Experiments show that DHB outperforms competing dynamic graph structures for edge insertions, updates, deletions, and traversal operations. Compared to static CSR layouts, DHB exhibits only a small overhead in traversal performance. DHB’s interface is similar to general-purpose abstract graph data types and can be easily used as a drop-in replacement for traditional adjacency arrays. To demonstrate that, we modify the well-known NetworKit framework to use DHB instead of its own dynamic graph representation. Experiments show that this modification only slightly penalizes the performance of graph algorithms while considerably boosting update rates.","PeriodicalId":9448,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Society of Sea Water Science, Japan","volume":"33 1","pages":"11:1-11:18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75088827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"19th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms, SEA 2021, June 7-9, 2021, Nice, France","authors":"D. Coudert, Emanuele Natale","doi":"10.4230/LIPICS.SEA.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPICS.SEA.2021","url":null,"abstract":"The International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA) is an international forum for researchers in the area of the design, analysis, and experimental evaluation and engineering of algorithms, as well as in various aspects of computational optimization and its applications (telecommunications, transport, bioinformatics, cryptography, learning methods, etc.). The symposium aims at attracting papers from both the Computer Science and the Operations Research/Mathematical Programming communities. The main theme of the symposium is the role of experimentation and of algorithm engineering techniques in the design and evaluation of algorithms and data structures. Selected contributions to SEA present significant contributions supported by experimental evaluation, methodological issues in the design and interpretation of experiments, the use of heuristics and meta-heuritics, or application-driven case studies that deepen the understanding of the complexity of a problem. \u0000Each submission to SEA 2021 was reviewed by at least three Program Committee members or external reviewers. After a careful peer review and evaluation process, 23 papers were accepted for presentation and for inclusion in the proceedings, according to the reviewers’ recommendations. The scientific program of the symposium also includes presentations by three keynote speakers: Dominik Kempa (Johns Hopkins University, USA), Petra Mutzel (University of Bonn, Germany) and Blair D. Sullivan (University of Utah, USA). \u0000 \u0000The 19th edition of the International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2021) was organized by the I3S laboratory (Universite Cote d’Azur, \u0000CNRS) with the help of Corinne Julien-Haddad. We thanks Universite Cote d’Azur, the research center Inria Sophia Antipolis - Mediterranee, and the city of Nice (Comite Doyen Lepine) for their financial support. We also thank the SEA steering committee for giving us the opportunity to host SEA 2021. We express our gratitude to the EasyChair platform. Thanks are also due to the editors of the ACM Journal of Experimental Algorithmics for their interest in hosting a special issue of the best papers presented at SEA 2021. Finally, we express our gratitude to the members of the Program Committee for their support, collaboration, and excellent work.","PeriodicalId":9448,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Society of Sea Water Science, Japan","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89063409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient and accurate group testing via Belief Propagation: an empirical study","authors":"A. Coja-Oghlan, Max Hahn-Klimroth, Philipp Loick, M. Penschuck","doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2022.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2022.8","url":null,"abstract":"The group testing problem asks for efficient pooling schemes and algorithms that allow to screen moderately large numbers of samples for rare infections. The goal is to accurately identify the infected samples while conducting the least possible number of tests. Exploring the use of techniques centred around the Belief Propagation message passing algorithm, we suggest a new test design that significantly increases the accuracy of the results. The new design comes with Belief Propagation as an efficient inference algorithm. Aiming for results on practical rather than asymptotic problem sizes, we conduct an experimental study.","PeriodicalId":9448,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Society of Sea Water Science, Japan","volume":"75 1","pages":"8:1-8:18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78261978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approximation algorithms for 1-Wasserstein distance between persistence diagrams","authors":"Samantha Chen, Yusu Wang","doi":"10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2021.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2021.14","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have witnessed a tremendous growth using topological summaries, especially the persistence diagrams (encoding the so-called persistent homology) for analyzing complex shapes. Intuitively, persistent homology maps a potentially complex input object (be it a graph, an image, or a point set and so on) to a unified type of feature summary, called the persistence diagrams. One can then carry out downstream data analysis tasks using such persistence diagram representations. A key problem is to compute the distance between two persistence diagrams efficiently. In particular, a persistence diagram is essentially a multiset of points in the plane, and one popular distance is the so-called 1-Wasserstein distance between persistence diagrams. In this paper, we present two algorithms to approximate the 1-Wasserstein distance for persistence diagrams in near-linear time. These algorithms primarily follow the same ideas as two existing algorithms to approximate optimal transport between two finite point-sets in Euclidean spaces via randomly shifted quadtrees. We show how these algorithms can be effectively adapted for the case of persistence diagrams. Our algorithms are much more efficient than previous exact and approximate algorithms, both in theory and in practice, and we demonstrate its efficiency via extensive experiments. They are conceptually simple and easy to implement, and the code is publicly available in github.","PeriodicalId":9448,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Society of Sea Water Science, Japan","volume":"1 1","pages":"14:1-14:19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78903983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}