Current epidemiology reports最新文献

{"title":"Cancer Screening Behaviors among People with HIV in the United States and the Role of Multi-Level Social and Economic Factors: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Jessica Y Islam, Hope Lappen, Sarah Commaroto, Denzel Edwards, Farzana Kapadia","doi":"10.1007/s40471-025-00378-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40471-025-00378-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>In the US, people with HIV (PWH) are more likely to be diagnosed with cancer at advanced stages, contributing to higher cancer-specific mortality rates. As such, the leading cause of non-AIDS death among PWH is cancer, including cancers with guideline recommended screening as a part of preventative care. Nonmedical drivers of health contribute to poor access to timely cancer screening among PWH. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the available evidence on the relationship between social determinants of health (SDoH) and cancer screening behaviors among PWH in the US.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search for peer-reviewed US-specific studies published between 2010-2024 using PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Our search strategy included key terms that fell under four key concepts: 1. SDoH, 2. HIV, 3. Cancers of interest, and 4. Outcomes of interest. Of the 2334 articles identified, 1146 underwent title/abstract screening and 86 full-length articles were reviewed for eligibility. Overall, 40 articles met eligibility criteria for inclusion in our data synthesis. Over two-thirds (68%, <i>n</i> =27) of articles focused on screening for anal and cervical cancer, both HPV-associated cancers, and less than one-quarter (22%) of studies provided information on screening for cancers without an infectious etiology (lung [i = 3], prostate [<i>n</i> =1], colorectal [<i>n</i> =4], breast cancers [<i>n</i> =1]). Importantly, the main SDoH reported by studies in this review were individual-level factors related to economic stability (i.e., annual income or employment status) or educational attainment. With respect to healthcare access and quality, the most reported indicator was health insurance coverage with a few studies reporting on provider or facility type, and number of visits per year. Finally, for neighborhood and built environment factors, only two studies reported on county-level social vulnerability and area-level poverty.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Although cancers without an infectious etiology, such as lung cancer, are major causes of cancer deaths among PWH, most existing work focuses on cervical and anal cancer prevention with limited SDoH measures. Measurement of SDoH in cancer prevention research among PWH should be prioritized and broadened to include structural factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":94310,"journal":{"name":"Current epidemiology reports","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13540407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Spatial Methods in Rural Cancer Control Research in the United States.","authors":"Whitney E Zahnd, Jan M Eberth, Sarah H Nash, Amy L Tran, Gabriel A Benavidez, Michelle B Shin, Malesa Pereira, Arrianna Marie Planey","doi":"10.1007/s40471-026-00380-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40471-026-00380-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The 66 million Americans who live in rural areas experience notable cancer disparities. It is imperative to examine the spatial elements of these disparities to know how to best target policies and interventions. Our review summarizes spatial methods in rural cancer control research.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Spatial methods relevant for rural cancer control research range from identifying patterns to spatial accessibility to regression approaches. Recent applications have adapted to the new rural health landscape by considering the role of telehealth in spatial accessibility measures and the impact of rural hospital closures in multilevel regression modeling with spatial considerations. Further, research continues to innovate on small area estimation techniques to provide useful risk factor and burden estimates to inform interventions.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>As rural cancer disparities persist, it is critical that researchers continue to develop and adapt spatial methods that will best inform policies and interventions to reduce these disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":94310,"journal":{"name":"Current epidemiology reports","volume":"13 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12923432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147273434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air Pollution Within the Public Health Exposome Framework: Impacts on Cardiovascular Health.","authors":"Lucia D Juarez, Andrzej Kulczycki, Gabriela R Oates, Kai Zhang, Gokhan M Mutlu, Sairam Parthasarathy","doi":"10.1007/s40471-026-00391-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40471-026-00391-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Ambient air pollution drives cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet single-pollutant models overlook how risk emerges within broader environmental and structural contexts. This review applies the Public Health Exposome (PHE) framework, which integrates natural, built, social, and policy environments, to show how multilevel systems shape CVD vulnerability.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Extreme heat, humidity, and climate variability modify pollutant toxicity, while structural inequities, discriminatory policies, and inadequate planning intensify exposures in marginalized communities. Cumulative psychosocial stress further amplifies inflammatory responses, activating the endo-exposome. Multi-omics studies reveal that pollution alters epigenomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic pathways linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Emerging tools like machine learning, high-resolution exposure modeling, graph-based analytics, and wearable sensing, enable integration of environmental data and support systems-level approaches.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The PHE framework illustrates how layered environmental and structural stressors accumulate to elevate CVD risk. Reducing this burden requires coupling PHE science with equitable public policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94310,"journal":{"name":"Current epidemiology reports","volume":"13 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13121320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Link Between Sleep Health Dimensions and Hypertension for Cardiovascular Health.","authors":"Ayodele Tyndall, Alexandra Briceño, Shanna L Burke, Sabrina Sales Martinez","doi":"10.1007/s40471-026-00399-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40471-026-00399-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Hypertension, a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is projected to contribute substantially to the global burden of cardiovascular health by 2050. Sleep has emerged as a potential factor in the prevention and management of hypertension. This review synthesizes recent evidence on the relationship between sleep health dimensions and hypertension, highlighting clinical significance, identifying gaps, and outlining future research directions.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Prolonged sleep latency, greater wake after sleep onset, both short and long sleep duration, poor overall sleep quality, and reduced sleep efficiency are associated with a higher risk of hypertension. However, most studies are cross-sectional and rely primarily on subjective measures, often limited to sleep duration.</p><p><strong>Summary of findings: </strong>A multidimensional approach to sleep health may reduce hypertension risk and improve blood pressure control. More longitudinal and intervention studies in varied populations are needed to develop tailored sleep health recommendations and guide clinical guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":94310,"journal":{"name":"Current epidemiology reports","volume":"13 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13303433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148348191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Narrative Review of Cardiovascular Health in Autistic Individuals: Epidemiologic Evidence, Mechanistic Pathways, and Future Directions.","authors":"Emily Hotez, Lanxin Song, Yixin Yang","doi":"10.1007/s40471-026-00389-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40471-026-00389-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Autistic individuals-representing one in 31 individuals in the U.S.-experience disproportionate poor cardiovascular health. This review synthesizes the current evidence on cardiovascular health in autism, with attention to epidemiology, modifying factors, mechanistic pathways, and implications for future research and practice.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Evidence from population-based cohorts and systematic reviews demonstrates elevated cardiovascular risk factors among autistic individuals, driven by interacting behavioral, biological, psychosocial, and environmental pathways and modified by individual and family characteristics. Studies are limited by methodological challenges and future research should: (1) focus on comprehensive assessments of cardiovascular health, (2) align with developmental science, (3) integrate multiple levels of analysis, (4) evaluate associations between mental and physical health, and (5) shift from autism biomarkers to health biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Cardiovascular health is an urgent priority for autistic individuals and there is a need for improved research to inform effective health interventions for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":94310,"journal":{"name":"Current epidemiology reports","volume":"13 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13035662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetic Cardiovascular Complications in Women and Young Adults.","authors":"Yilin Yoshida","doi":"10.1007/s40471-025-00379-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40471-025-00379-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major complication and leading cause of death among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Women and younger adults with T2D face a disproportionately higher risk of CVD, compared with their male or older counterparts. This review summarizes clinical and epidemiological evidence on the mechanisms underlying these disparities and highlights directions for future research and clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Women with T2D lose the cardioprotection typically seen in the general population and face disproportionately higher cardiovascular risk. This excess risk is influenced by adverse metabolic profiles preceding T2D onset; female-specific factors such as polycystic ovary syndrome and gestational complications; and non-biological contributors, including delayed diagnosis and less optimal healthcare utilization and delivery in women compared with men. Young adults with early-onset T2D also experience a heightened cardiovascular burden, driven by a more aggressive disease course, prolonged exposure to metabolic abnormalities, and distinctive psychosocial stressors that compound their risk. Despite these disparities, both female and young adult patients with T2D remain understudied, hindering the development of precision prevention and management strategies.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Future mechanistic and interventional research that integrates sex and age as key biological factors will be critical for advancing precision approaches and reducing disparities in diabetes care and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94310,"journal":{"name":"Current epidemiology reports","volume":"13 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12764642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the Surveillance Data Infrastructure in the U.S. for SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.","authors":"Akshay Deverakonda, Emily E Ricotta, John T Kubale","doi":"10.1007/s40471-026-00405-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40471-026-00405-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Infectious disease surveillance forms the epidemiological bedrock of public health, supporting the continuous and systematic collection, and analysis of health data. However, these data are collected by a fragmented network of systems and entities which complicate their accessibility and efficient use. This review describes the key surveillance systems tracking three important respiratory viruses: influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2; highlights these systems' limitations; and identifies opportunities for improvement.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>High quality surveillance data are vital for effective public health interventions. The decentralized nature of the U.S. public health infrastructure and the subsequent patchwork of surveillance networks create a formidable challenge for epidemiologists seeking to mobilize these data for outbreak response, policy evaluation, or population-based research. Greater clarity on these key surveillance systems, the data they collect, and the populations they represent could support their more effective use to support public health research and emergency response.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>We identified thirteen surveillance data sources monitoring influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 in the U.S; all but one were governmental. Most (9) were case-based systems, 2 were syndromic surveillance systems (that monitor for increases in illness-associated symptoms in a population rather than the disease itself), and 2 were classified as \"non-traditional\" sources like wastewater surveillance systems. We also assessed the relative accessibility of data from these systems and of data from state and local entities which often feed into these systems, and collated this information to improve its findability and accessibility.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40471-026-00405-w.</p>","PeriodicalId":94310,"journal":{"name":"Current epidemiology reports","volume":"13 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148804220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Combined Sewer Overflows and Gastrointestinal Illness in a Changing Climate.","authors":"Marie C Russell, Beth M Haley, Erik D Slawsky, Hanna Jardel, Kristen N Cowan, David T Dillon, Caitlin A McConaghy, Joel C Hoffman, Kristen M Rappazzo","doi":"10.1007/s40471-025-00367-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40471-025-00367-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>During a combined sewer overflow (CSO) event, the capacity of a sewer system is exceeded, and untreated sewage, wastewater, and stormwater are released into nearby water bodies. CSOs occur in urban areas due to heavy precipitation, which is expected to occur more frequently and at higher intensity in certain regions of the world due to increasing climate variability. After a CSO, humans can be exposed to pathogens through recreational activities and contaminated drinking water. While previous research has quantified the impacts of CSOs on water quality indicator species and described the effects of CSOs on coastal wetland ecosystems, there is limited research on the potential human health impacts of CSOs. We conducted a literature search of peer-reviewed epidemiological studies that investigated associations between CSOs and human health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Our literature search and screening methods returned eight studies on the association between CSOs and gastrointestinal (GI) illness in Europe and North America. Our selected peer-reviewed publications included five different study designs: time series, case-crossover, retrospective cohort, case-control, and case time series, with study periods including years 2002 to 2019.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The included studies showed evidence of a positive association between CSOs and GI illness, and one study suggested that sewer infrastructure improvements may decrease the burden of GI illness in future decades.</p>","PeriodicalId":94310,"journal":{"name":"Current epidemiology reports","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147848447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consideration of Cardiovascular Morbidities in the Relationship between Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and Individual-Level Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Sneha Kannoth, Kavitha Ganesan, Brandi Vollmer, Pam Factor-Litvak, Stephen S Morse, Earle C Chambers, Kristen M Rappazzo, Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir, Jeanette A Stingone","doi":"10.1007/s40471-025-00370-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40471-025-00370-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Studies suggest ambient air pollution increases risk of individual-level adverse COVID-19 outcomes. Our review seeks to understand how air pollution influences adverse COVID-19 outcomes, by identifying how researchers accounted for cardiovascular morbidity, a predominant COVID-19 risk factor that is strongly linked to air pollution exposure.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Our review primarily consisted of retrospective cohorts from the US and Europe, that examined both historical and short-term air pollution. Studies typically found that air pollution was associated with greater risk of individual-level adverse COVID-19 outcomes and adjusted for cardiovascular morbidities as confounders. Few hypothesized cardiovascular morbidity as a mediator or effect modifier in this relationship.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Improved understanding of cardiovascular morbidity's potential role as an effect modifier or mediator can help better explain the link between air pollution and COVID-19, in addition to identifying and assisting populations that may be at greater risk for adverse pandemic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94310,"journal":{"name":"Current epidemiology reports","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12707389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145777049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Introduction to Longitudinal Synthetic Cohorts for Studying the Life Course Drivers of Health Outcomes and Inequalities in Older Age.","authors":"Katrina L Kezios, M Maria Glymour, Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri","doi":"10.1007/s40471-024-00355-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40471-024-00355-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Research on the drivers of health across the life course would ideally be based in diverse longitudinal cohorts that repeatedly collect detailed assessments of risk factors over the full life span. However, few extant data sources in the US possess these ideal features. A \"longitudinal synthetic cohort\"-a dataset created by stacking or linking multiple individual cohorts spanning different but overlapping periods of the life course-can overcome some of these challenges, leveraging the strengths of each component study. This type of synthetic cohort is especially useful for aging research; it enables description of the long-term natural history of disease and novel investigations of earlier-life factors and mechanisms shaping health outcomes that typically manifest in older age, such as Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).</p><p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>We review current understanding of synthetic cohorts for life course research. We first discuss chief advantages of longitudinal synthetic cohorts, focusing on their utility for aging/ADRD research to concretize the discussion. We then summarize the conditions needed for valid inference in a synthetic cohort, depending on research goals. We end by highlighting key challenges to creating longitudinal synthetic cohorts and conducting life course research within them.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The idea of combining multiple data sources to investigate research questions that are not feasible to answer using a single cohort is gaining popularity in epidemiology. The use of longitudinal synthetic cohorts in applied research-and especially in ADRD research-has been limited, however, likely due to methodologic complexity. In particular, little guidance and few examples exist for the creation of a longitudinal synthetic cohort for causal research goals. While building synthetic cohorts requires much thought and care, it offers tremendous opportunity to address novel and critical scientific questions that could not be examined in a single study.</p>","PeriodicalId":94310,"journal":{"name":"Current epidemiology reports","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}