Current Alzheimer research最新文献

{"title":"Topological Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease from Functional Brain Network Analysis.","authors":"Soudeh Behrouzinia, Alireza Khanteymoori","doi":"10.2174/0115672050399190250815070642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672050399190250815070642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by the gradual deterioration of cognitive functions. Early identification of functional brain changes is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective intervention. This study employs multiplex network analysis to examine alterations in brain connectivity topology associated with Alzheimer's Disease, to identify early biomarkers and uncover potential therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study presents a secondary cross-sectional analysis based on a publicly available EEG dataset comprising spectral coherence measurements from 25 patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and 25 age- and gender-matched Healthy Controls (HC). Functional connectivity matrices were generated across seven distinct frequency bands, with each brain region modeled as a network node and inter-regional coherence values represented as weighted edges. These matrices were then used to construct multiplex brain networks, which were rigorously analyzed using graph-theoretical approaches. The analysis encompassed key metrics, including modularity, centrality measures (Betweenness and MultiRank), motif distribution, and network controllability, to characterize and compare the underlying patterns of functional brain organization in AD and healthy aging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Networks associated with AD exhibited significantly reduced modularity, disrupted centrality patterns, and a higher occurrence of 2 and 3-node motifs, indicating local reorganization of connectivity. Additionally, the spatial distribution of driver nodes was markedly altered in AD. Centrality analyses revealed a pronounced shift in network hubs toward the temporal and insular cortices, suggesting compensatory or pathological reallocation of influence. Controllability assessments demonstrated a lower energy requirement for network control in AD, accompanied by increased inter-layer fragmentation, reflecting compromised integrative function across frequency bands.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings revealed specific topological alterations, including reduced modularity, altered centrality, and decreased controllability, all of which are closely linked to AD-related network degeneration. By leveraging multi-frequency EEG data, the multiplex approach shows significant clinical potential for monitoring disease progression and supporting personalized treatments, with the ability to detect subtle connectivity disruptions before cognitive symptoms manifest.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multiplex network analysis reveals distinct and robust alterations in the functional brain architecture of individuals with Alzheimer's Disease. These network-level disruptions offer valuable insights into the pathophysiology of AD and highlight potential avenues for early diagnosis and targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving cognitive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychological Aspects of Sporadic Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Case Series and Narrative Review.","authors":"Luca Pizzoni, Andrea Cavalli, Federica Di Matteo, Giovanni Mancini","doi":"10.2174/0115672050390451250808002719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672050390451250808002719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) is a common form of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein in the walls of cortical and leptomeningeal arteries and arterioles. The sporadic form primarily affects the elderly and is closely associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite previous studies on cognition, the specific neuropsychological profile of CAA remains unclear. This study aims to describe the cognitive profile of CAA patients and characterize their neuropsychological aspects in the absence of a clinical diagnosis of AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We present a case series of six patients with probable CAA, without clinical evidence of AD, who underwent extensive neuropsychological assessment. Additionally, a narrative review was conducted to synthesize current knowledge of the cognitive and neuropsychological aspects of sporadic CAA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The narrative review indicates that CAA predominantly affects executive functioning, processing speed, episodic memory, global cognition, and visuospatial functions. In our case series, all patients exhibited impairments in these domains, except for global cognition. Notably, a specific dissociation was observed in the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), with impaired delayed recall but preserved recognition.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Sporadic CAA in patients without AD contributes to cognitive impairment, particularly affecting executive functioning, processing speed, visuospatial functions, and episodic memory. In our sample, memory impairment in CAA follows a dysexecutive pattern, characterized by retrieval deficits with preserved storage. This contrasts with the amnestic profile seen in AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), where both retrieval and storage are compromised.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This distinct memory profile may represent a useful neuropsychological marker for differentiating CAA-related cognitive impairment from that associated with AD and its prodromal forms. This differentiation has potential implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and the development of tailored therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A DTI-Radiomics and Clinical Integration Model for Predicting MCI-to-AD Progression Using Corpus Callosum Features.","authors":"Wen Yu, Yifan Guo, Jiaxuan Peng, Chu Wang, Zihan Zhang, Maria-Trinidad Herrero, Ming Tao, Zhenyu Shu","doi":"10.2174/0115672050390986250801005607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672050390986250801005607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to explore the value of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)- based radiomics in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and predicting the progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of 186 patients with MCI was obtained from the publicly accessible Alzheimer's. Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database, and 49 of these individuals developed AD over a 5-year observation period. The subjects were divided into a training set and a test set in a ratio of 7 to 3. Radiomic features were extracted from the corpus callosum within the DTI post-processed images. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) logistic regression algorithm was employed to develop radiomic signatures. The performance of the radiomic signature was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the training set, 35 patients were converted, and in the test set, 14 patients were converted. Among all the patients, notable differences were observed in age, CDR-SB, ADAS, MMSE, FAQ, and MOCA between the stable group and the transformed group (p < 0.05). In the test set, the AUCs of the radiomics signatures constructed based on fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, mean diffusivity, and radial diffusivity were 0.824, 0.852, 0.833, and 0.862, respectively. The AUC of the clinical model was 0.868, and that of the combined model was 0.936. DCA demonstrated that the combined model had the best performance.</p><p><strong>Discussion conclusion: </strong>The combined radiomics and clinical model, utilizing DTI data, can relatively accurately forecast which patients with MCI are likely to progress to AD. This approach offers potential for early AD prevention in MCI patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal Deep Learning Approaches for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Image Processing Techniques.","authors":"Jabli Mohamed Amine, Moussa Mourad","doi":"10.2174/0115672050401817250721190509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672050401817250721190509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, and it is important to diagnose the disease at an early stage to help people with the condition and their families. Recently, artificial intelligence, especially deep learning approaches applied to medical imaging, has shown potential in enhancing AD diagnosis. This comprehensive review investigates the current state of the art in multimodal deep learning for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease using image processing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research underpinning this review spanned several months. Numerous deep learning architectures are examined, including CNNs, transfer learning methods, and combined models that use different imaging modalities, such as structural MRI, functional MRI, and amyloid PET. The latest work on explainable AI (XAI) is also reviewed to improve the understandability of the models and identify the particular regions of the brain related to AD pathology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate that multimodal approaches generally outperform single-modality methods, and three-dimensional (volumetric) data provides a better form of representation compared to two-dimensional images.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Current challenges are also discussed, including insufficient and/or poorly prepared datasets, computational expense, and the lack of integration with clinical practice. The findings highlight the potential of applying deep learning approaches for early AD diagnosis and for directing future research pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The integration of multimodal imaging with deep learning techniques presents an exciting direction for developing improved AD diagnostic tools. However, significant challenges remain in achieving accurate, reliable, and understandable clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective Effects of Fenugreek Leaf Extract in a Drosophila Model of Alzheimer's Disease Expressing Human Aβ-42.","authors":"Himanshi Varshney, Kajal Gaur, Iqra Subhan, Javeria Fatima, Smita Jyoti, Mantasha I, Mohd Shahid, Rahul -, Yasir Hasan Siddique","doi":"10.2174/0115672050385870250721072643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672050385870250721072643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Much emphasis has been given to the biological activities of Fenugreek against various diseased conditions. This study investigated the effect of fenugreek leaf extract on behavioural and cognitive function of transgenic Drosophila having human Aβ-42 expression in the neurons, herein referred to as Alzheimer's disease model flies (AD flies).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>AD flies were exposed to four different doses of fenugreek leaf extract (FE) containing i.e., 0.005, 0.010, 0.015 and 0.02 g/ml for 30 days. Thereafter, behavioural and cognitive assessment was done using climbing ability, activity pattern, aversive phototaxis and odour choice indexes. The life span of different groups of flies was also recorded. The effect of FE on the oxidative stress markers, acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase (MAO) and caspase 3 and 9 activities was determined. The deposition of Aβ-42 aggregates in the brain tissue of the flies was studied by performing immunostaining. Also, the metabolic profile of different groups of flies was studied by performing LC-MS/MS. Compared with control flies, 22 selected metabolites were found to be upregulated and downregulated among transgenic AD flies and FE exposed AD flies compared to control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings of this study showed the neuroprotective role of fenugreek extract, which could be employed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The AD flies exposed to FE showed a dose-dependent postponement in the decline of climbing ability, activity and cognitive impairments. A significant dose dependent increase in the life span was also noticed in the AD flies exposed to FE. A significant reduction in the oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase, and caspase-3&9 activities was also observed in a dose dependent manner. The results obtained from the immunostaining suggest the reduction in the deposition of Aβ-42 fibril, which was also confirmed by the docking studies showing the energetically favoured interaction useful for inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase and Aβ-42 aggregates.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study demonstrates the neurological potency of fenugreek leaf extract (FE) in a Drosophila model of AD due to its antioxidantive, anti-cholinesterase, and neuroprotective properties. Using a combination of behavioral, biochemical, histological, and metabolomic approaches, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of FE in mitigating AD-like symptoms in transgenic flies expressing Aβ-42.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fenugreek leaf extract may serve as a potential natural remedy for slowing down or alleviating the progression of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Potential Role of Cathinone and Cathine Compounds in Alzheimer's Disease: Predictive Insights.","authors":"Mohammed S Alkaf, Musa A Said, Noura A Algamdi, Nadia S Al-Kaff","doi":"10.2174/0115672050386584250718130948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672050386584250718130948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Khat (Catha edulis Forssk.), a stimulant plant native to Africa and Asia, contains psychoactive compounds such as cathinone and cathine that affect the central nervous system. This study aims to investigate the potential neurotoxicological risks associated with these compounds, particularly focusing on their possible relationship with neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). The primary objective was to evaluate the toxicity of khat's main compounds and examine their molecular interactions with Monoamine Oxidase A (MAO-A), an enzyme implicated in the pathology of AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The toxicological profiles of cathinone, cathine, amphetamine, and the AD medication Donepezil were assessed using the Protox-3 server, which predicted toxicity class, potential for liver damage, carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity, mutagenicity, and cytotoxicity. Molecular docking studies were conducted to analyse the binding interactions of these compounds with MAO-A (PDB ID: 2Z5X). Binding affinities and key interacting residues were identified. The steric effects of the ligands within the enzyme's binding site were quantified by calculating the buried volume (%VBur) using the centroid of centres method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Protox-3 classified cathine and amphetamine as Class 3 toxicants (moderate toxicity), while cathinone and Donepezil were assigned to Class 4 (lower toxicity). Cathinone also demonstrated a moderate probability (0.64) of carcinogenicity. Molecular docking revealed that khat compounds had an average binding affinity of -5.81 ± 0.27 kcal/mol, which was lower than that of amphetamine (-6.10 ± 0.27 kcal/mol) and Donepezil (-7.80 ± 0.38 kcal/mol). Buried volume analysis indicated that khat compounds and amphetamine were more deeply embedded in the MAO-A binding site, correlating with stronger binding affinity.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The computational results suggest that khat compounds exhibit moderate neurotoxic potential and interact with MAO-A in a manner that could be relevant to AD pathology. Although the binding affinities are lower than those of Amphetamine and Donepezil, they point to possible molecular-level interactions significant for neurodegeneration. Steric hindrance, as quantified by %VBur, appeared to influence binding strength, highlighting the importance of molecular fit within the active site.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents evidence of a potential molecular link between khat consumption and an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. The findings underscore the necessity for further in vivo and epidemiological research, particularly in regions with high rates of khat use, to assess its long-term neurotoxic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Interconnections of Genetic, Lifestyle, and Epigenetic Influences on Brain Aging: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Shima Mehrabadi, Sama Barati","doi":"10.2174/0115672050393583250718145103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672050393583250718145103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. The etiology of AD is complex and multifactorial, with contributions from genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Recent advances in genetics, epigenetics, and animal models have shed light on the underlying mechanisms of brain aging and the development of AD, revealing potential targets for therapeutic intervention. In this comprehensive review, we examine the current understanding of the genetic, lifestyle, and epigenetic factors that shape the landscape of brain aging and AD. We discuss recent findings in the field of AD genetics, including the role of the APOE gene, and the potential of novel genome-wide association studies to identify new genetic risk factors. We also review the impact of lifestyle factors, such as diet, exercise, and social engagement, on brain aging and AD, and explore the role of epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, in shaping AD risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of Neuroimaging and Molecular Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia: The Promise of fMRI.","authors":"Joanna Poszwa, Bartosz Słowikowski, Wojciech Owecki, Oliwia Szymanowicz, Paweł P Jagodziński, Wojciech Kozubski, Jolanta Dorszewska","doi":"10.2174/0115672050390340250716061313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672050390340250716061313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dementia is a set of acquired and progressive neuropsychiatric disorders. The most common types of dementia include Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). Early intravital diagnosis of both types of dementia is difficult. Both molecular and neuroimaging markers are important for the diagnosis of different types of dementia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review employed freely accessible databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, using keywords such as molecular parameters, neuroimaging factors, dementia, FTD, Alzheimer's disease, and fMRI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the molecular markers of dementia, there are parameters common to its various types and enabling their differentiation. These parameters include both genetic and biochemical factors. Markers include genetic factors that help differentiate AD (APP, PSEN1, PSEN2) from FTD (e.g., TARDBP, FUS, MAPT). Simultaneously, there are important biochemical parameters differentiating AD (amyloid-beta (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles) from FTD (TDP-43, FUS, and different forms of tau protein aggregates). Currently, there is growing interest in neuroimaging studies in the differential diagnosis of dementia. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging enables the quantification and localization of Aβ deposits in the brain through the selective binding of the Pittsburgh Compound-B (PiB) ligand. This method has become the standard in AD diagnostics. In the context of magnetic resonance imaging studies, it is worth noting the search for structural differences between AD (mainly affecting the temporal lobe, including the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, and the parietal lobe) and FTD (primarily involving the prefrontal cortex, anterior temporal lobes, and subcortical structures, as well as exhibiting an anteroposterior gradient of atrophy). However, the method of the future appears to be functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), especially since functional changes precede structural changes in the development of dementia.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The review encompasses the basic diagnostic criteria for AD and FTD dementia, as well as molecular and neuroimaging parameters important for the intravital diagnosis of these dementias. It seems that the use of fMRI can contribute to both early diagnosis and early introduction of targeted treatment in developing dementia. Although it is not yet widely used clinically, its diagnostic value is increasingly recognized.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The benefits of fMRI studies complementing molecular markers in the diagnosis of dementia were highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithium Chloride Improves Electrophysiological and Memory Deficits in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Zheng Xing, Xiaolian Jiang, Wenhao Yang, Yuhui Wang, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Chen Zhao","doi":"10.2174/0115672050399032250715043316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672050399032250715043316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by complex pathological manifestations and an unclear pathogenesis. Lithium chloride (LiCl) exhibits certain neuroprotective effects. However, its performance and mechanisms in different types of AD models remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The streptozotocin (STZ)-induced AD rat model was used to evaluate the ameliorating effects of LiCl. LiCl was administered orally for one month, and then evaluations were conducted in terms of nerve electrophysiology, behavioral science, and molecular biology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, STZ was found to significantly affect the electrophysiological functions and behavioral performances of rats. However, LiCl was able to mitigate these effects. Specifically, it led to the restoration of electrophysiological functions, with long-term potentiation (LTP) being successfully induced. LiCl also demonstrated favorable therapeutic effects in rats, as confirmed by the nest-building tests, Y-maze, and Morris water maze. Further research revealed that LiCl promoted the phosphorylation of GSK-3β in the hippocampal region of rats.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings indicated that LiCl demonstrated beneficial effects on AD-like pathological changes in STZ-induced AD rats, possibly by activating GSK-3β phosphorylation in the hippocampus, improving electrophysiological functions, and further restoring behavioral characteristics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, LiCl demonstrated therapeutic potential for AD by improving neurophysiological and behavioral deficits via hippocampal GSK-3β phosphorylation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the Connection Between Circadian Rhythms, Metabolism, and Neurodegeneration: Exploring Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Rakesh Bhaskar, Kannan Badri Narayanan, Krishna Kumar Singh, Sung Soo Han","doi":"10.2174/0115672050381989250626071304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672050381989250626071304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circadian rhythms are crucial for essential physiological functions such as metabolism, sleep-wake cycles, hormone balance, and cognitive abilities, which are regulated by the central Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) and peripheral clocks. Disruptions to circadian rhythms, which may be caused by aging, lifestyle factors, and environmental influences, are linked to metabolic disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDs). This review examines the reciprocal relationship between circadian control and metabolism, highlighting the molecular processes that maintain circadian rhythms and how these processes change with age. Aging diminishes SCN efficiency and disrupts peripheral clock alignment, leading to impaired physiological functions, increased oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, all of which contribute to the progression of NDs such as Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), etc. Emerging therapeutic strategies aim to restore circadian function through interventions, including bright light therapy, melatonin supplementation, and pharmacological agents targeting clock gene regulators and neuropeptides. Furthermore, lifestyle modifications, such as Structured Physical Activity (SPA) and Time-Restricted Feeding (TRF), can enhance circadian health by synchronizing metabolic and hormonal rhythms. Future directions include chrono-pharmacology, gene editing, and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven personalized medicine, all of which emphasize the development of tailored circadian therapies. Advancing circadian research holds the potential to facilitate better health outcomes and improve quality of life, while also addressing the growing concerns of the aging population and NDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94309,"journal":{"name":"Current Alzheimer research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}