CNS drug reviews最新文献_第10页

Alcohol and Neurodegeneration 酒精与神经变性

CNS drug reviews Pub Date : 2006-06-07 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.1999.tb00112.x

Fulton T. Crews

引用次数: 41

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF REVIEWERS 审稿人致谢

CNS drug reviews Pub Date : 2006-06-07 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.1999.tb00114.x

引用次数: 0

Experimental Biology‘99 Washington, DC, April 17–21, 1999 《实验生物学》1999年4月17-21日，华盛顿特区

CNS drug reviews Pub Date : 2006-06-07 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.1999.tb00098.x

Alexander Scriabine

引用次数: 0

Neuropharmacological Profile of an Atypical Antipsychotic, NRA0562 一种非典型抗精神病药的神经药理学特征，NRA0562

CNS drug reviews Pub Date : 2006-06-07 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2003.tb00261.x

Shiho Hirota, Naoya Kawashima, Shigeyuki Chaki, Shigeru Okuyama

{"title":"Neuropharmacological Profile of an Atypical Antipsychotic, NRA0562","authors":"Shiho Hirota, Naoya Kawashima, Shigeyuki Chaki, Shigeru Okuyama","doi":"10.1111/j.1527-3458.2003.tb00261.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1527-3458.2003.tb00261.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Schizophrenia is a serious and disabling psychiatric disorder affecting approximately 1% of the world's population. Anew generation of atypical antipsychotics has been introduced over the past decade. These atypical antipsychotics have comparable or greater efficacy than traditional antipsychotics in the treatment of the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia and a much improved neurologic side effect profile. This paper reviews the pharmacological efficacy and safety of a potential atypical antipsychotic, NRA0562.\u0000 NRA0562 has a high affinity for dopamine D1, D2L, D4.2, 5-HT2A receptors as well as α1-adrenoceptors, and has a moderate affinity for H1 receptors. NRA0562 strongly binds to 5-HT2A receptors and α1-adrenoceptors in the frontal cortex, its binding to striatal D2 receptors is weaker, similar to that of clozapine.\u0000 NRA562 displayed potent antipsychotic activities in animal models of schizophrenia, such as methamphetamine (MAP)-induced hyperactivity, apomorphine-induced disruption of pre-pulse inhibition and conditioned avoidance test. NRA0562 is more potent in reversing the inhibitory effects of MAP at A10 than at A9 dopamine neurons. It increased Fos-like immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens more effectively than in the dorsolateral striatum, indicating that NRA0562 has the profile of an atypical antipsychotic. In vivo assays for extrapyramidal side effect liability showed that NRA0562 has a low rate of neurological side effects. Thus, NRA0562 may have unique antipsychotic activity with a lower propensity for extrapyramidal side effects.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":94307,"journal":{"name":"CNS drug reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1527-3458.2003.tb00261.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24100969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Efficacy, and Behavioral Toxicity of Alprazolam: A Review of the Literature 阿普唑仑的临床药理学、临床疗效和行为毒性：文献综述。

CNS drug reviews Pub Date : 2006-06-07 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00003.x

Joris C. Verster, Edmund R. Volkerts

{"title":"Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Efficacy, and Behavioral Toxicity of Alprazolam: A Review of the Literature","authors":"Joris C. Verster, Edmund R. Volkerts","doi":"10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00003.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00003.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine derivative that is currently used in the treatment of generalized anxiety, panic attacks with or without agoraphobia, and depression. Alprazolam has a fast onset of symptom relief (within the first week); it is unlikely to produce dependency or abuse. No tolerance to its therapeutic effect has been reported. At discontinuation of alprazolam treatment, withdrawal and rebound symptoms are common. Hence, alprazolam discontinuation must be tapered.\u0000 An exhaustive review of the literature showed that alprazolam is significantly superior to placebo, and is at least equally effective in the relief of symptoms as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), such as imipramine. However, although alprazolam and imipramine are significantly more effective than placebo in the treatment of panic attacks, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) appear to be superior to either of the two drugs. Therefore, alprazolam is recommended as a second line treatment option, when SSRIs are not effective or well tolerated.\u0000 In addition to its therapeutic effects, alprazolam produces adverse effects, such as drowsiness and sedation. Since alprazolam is widely used, many clinical studies investigated its cognitive and psychomotor effects. It is evident from these studies that alprazolam may impair performance in a variety of skills in healthy volunteers as well as in patients. Since the majority of alprazolam users are outpatients, this behavioral impairment limits the safe use of alprazolam in patients routinely engaged in potentially dangerous daily activities, such as driving a car.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":94307,"journal":{"name":"CNS drug reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00003.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24407184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 123

Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology of Cyamemazine: Anxiolytic Effects and Prevention of Alcohol and Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Syndrome Cyamemazine的临床前和临床药理学:抗焦虑作用和预防酒精和苯二氮卓戒断综合征

CNS drug reviews Pub Date : 2006-06-07 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00023.x

Michel Bourin, Eric Dailly, Martine Hascöet

{"title":"Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology of Cyamemazine: Anxiolytic Effects and Prevention of Alcohol and Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Syndrome","authors":"Michel Bourin, Eric Dailly, Martine Hascöet","doi":"10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00023.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00023.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Several studies have suggested that the antipsychotic compound, cyamemazine, possesses anxiolytic properties in humans. The original pharmacological profile of cyamemazine (D2, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist), which was established by binding, microdialysis and behavioral studies, is consistent with these observations. In the light/dark exploration test, cyamemazine demonstrated anxiolytic-like activity by acute, but not chronic administration. By chronic administration, however, cyamemazine increased the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze (EPM) test demonstrating anxiolytic-like activity. The discrepancy between the results obtained in these tests by acute and chronic administration, could be due to a combination of dopamine D2 receptor antagonism with antagonism of the 5-HT2C and 5-HT3 receptors. The action of cyamemazine on both the dopaminergic system and 5-HT3 receptors could also explain the activity of cyamemazine in the management of alcohol withdrawal demonstrated in preclinical studies. This potential indication for cyamemazine and its activity in benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome have recently been investigated in clinical trials and the results of these studies are presented in this review.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":94307,"journal":{"name":"CNS drug reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00023.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24767677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 30

The Cellular Biochemistry of Cholesterol and Statins: Insights into the Pathophysiology and Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease 胆固醇和他汀类药物的细胞生化:阿尔茨海默病的病理生理学和治疗的见解

CNS drug reviews Pub Date : 2006-06-07 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00009.x

Benjamin Wolozin, James Brown III, Catherine Theisler, Simone Silberman

{"title":"The Cellular Biochemistry of Cholesterol and Statins: Insights into the Pathophysiology and Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease","authors":"Benjamin Wolozin, James Brown III, Catherine Theisler, Simone Silberman","doi":"10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00009.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00009.x","url":null,"abstract":"The causes of late onset Alzheimer disease (AD) are poorly understood. Although β-amyloid (Aβ) is thought to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of AD, no genetic evidence directly ties Aβ to late onset AD. This suggests that the accumulation of Aβ and neurodegeneration associated with AD might result from an abnormality that indirectly affects Aβ production or accumulation. Increasing evidence suggests that abnormalities in the metabolism of cholesterol and related molecules, such as cholseterol esters and 24(S) hydroxycholesterol might contribute to the pathophysiology of late onset AD by increasing production of Aβ. 24(S) Hydroxycholesterol is a member of a family of oxidized cholesterol catabolites, termed oxysterols, which function to regulate export of cholesterol from the cell and transcription of genes related to cholesterol metabolism. Cholesterol esters are cholesterol derivatives used for cholesterol storage. Levels of 24(S) hydroxycholesterol increase with AD. Polymorphisms in several different genes important for cholesterol physiology are associated with an increased load or level of Aβ in AD. These genes include apolipoprotein E, cholesterol 24 hydroxylase (Cyp46), acyl-CoA:choles-terol acetyltransferase (ACAT), and the cholesterol transporter ABCA1. Other studies show that levels of cholesterol, or its precursors, are elevated in subjects early in the course of AD. Finally, studies of the processing of amyloid precursor protein show that cholesterol and its catabolites modulate amyloid precursor protein processing and Aβ production. These lines of evidence raise the possibility that genetic abnormalities in cholesterol metabolism might contribute to the pathophysiology of AD.","PeriodicalId":94307,"journal":{"name":"CNS drug reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00009.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24550746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 50

CNS Drugs at the Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting San Diego, CA April 11–15, 2003 2003年4月11-15日，加州圣地亚哥，实验生物学会议上的中枢神经系统药物

CNS drug reviews Pub Date : 2006-06-07 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2003.tb00256.x

Alexander Scriabine

引用次数: 0

Aripiprazole: A Novel Atypical Antipsychotic Drug With a Uniquely Robust Pharmacology 阿立哌唑:一种具有独特稳健药理学的新型非典型抗精神病药物

CNS drug reviews Pub Date : 2006-06-07 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00030.x

Marilyn A Davies, Douglas J. Sheffler, Bryan L. Roth

{"title":"Aripiprazole: A Novel Atypical Antipsychotic Drug With a Uniquely Robust Pharmacology","authors":"Marilyn A Davies, Douglas J. Sheffler, Bryan L. Roth","doi":"10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00030.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00030.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Aripiprazole (Abilify®) is an atypical antipsychotic drug that has been recently introduced for clinical use in the treatment of schizophrenia. Aripiprazole has a unique pharmacologic profile that includes partial agonism at several G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) [especially dopamine (D2) and 5-HT1A] and antagonistic action at others (especially 5-HT2A). Clinical trials indicate that aripiprazole is effective in treating the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. In short-term studies rapid onset of action (within one week) has been demonstrated. Preliminary data indicate that aripiprazole may also be effective in the treatment of manic symptoms of bipolar disorder. At recommended doses, aripiprazole appears to be safe and well tolerated in most adult patients with schizophrenia and Schizoaffective disorder. There is only limited information available on the use of aripiprazole in children and adolescents, and pilot data suggest that a revised dosing strategy, based on weight, is indicated in this population. In the long-term studies, the use of aripiprazole was associated with continued efficacy, good compliance and increased time-to-relapse.\u0000 Aripiprazole represents the first functionally selective atypical antipsychotic drug.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":94307,"journal":{"name":"CNS drug reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00030.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24856464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 158

Neuroprotection by Rasagiline: A New Therapeutic Approach to Parkinson's Disease? 雷沙吉兰的神经保护作用:治疗帕金森病的新途径?

CNS drug reviews Pub Date : 2006-06-07 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2005.tb00269.x

Fabio Blandini

{"title":"Neuroprotection by Rasagiline: A New Therapeutic Approach to Parkinson's Disease?","authors":"Fabio Blandini","doi":"10.1111/j.1527-3458.2005.tb00269.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1527-3458.2005.tb00269.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Neuronal death in Parkinson's disease (PD) may originate from the reciprocal interactions of a restricted number of conditions, such as mitochondrial defects, oxidative stress and protein mishandling, which would favor a state of apoptotic cell death in the nigrostriatal pathway. The search for pharmacological treatments able to counteract the nigrostriatal degeneration, possibly by interfering with these phenomena, has recently raised considerable interest in rasagiline [R(+)-N-propargyl-1-aminoindan], a potent, selective, and irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). Rasagiline, like selegiline, is a propargylamine, but is ∼10 times more potent. Unlike selegiline, rasagiline is not metabolized to amphetamine and/or methamphetamine and is devoid of sympathomimetic activity. Numerous experimental studies, conducted both in vitro and in vivo, have shown that rasagiline possesses significant protective properties on neuronal populations. The pro-survival effects of the drug appear to be linked to its propargyl moiety, rather than to the inhibitory effect on MAO-B. Rasagiline's major metabolite, aminoindan — which possesses intrinsic neuroprotective activity — may also contribute to the beneficial effects of the parent compound.\u0000 Rasagiline has been recently evaluated in early PD patients, with results that are consistent with slowing the progression of the disease. Therefore, the neuroprotective activity shown by the drug under experimental conditions may be reflected in the clinic, thus providing new perspectives for the treatment of PD.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":94307,"journal":{"name":"CNS drug reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1527-3458.2005.tb00269.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24890916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35