Rejuvenation research最新文献

{"title":"Breaking the Bonds of Aging: The Underappreciated Roles of Aberrant Cysteine Crosslinks and Protective Thiol Interventions.","authors":"Sheila N Duong, Kristopher M Barnes, James H Frederich","doi":"10.1177/15491684261421863","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15491684261421863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is a complex process characterized by the accumulation of molecular damage that leads to cellular dysfunction and tissue deterioration. Among the various types of contributing molecular damage, aberrant protein crosslinks are recognized as a key contributor to age-related pathologies. Crosslinks occurring at lysine and arginine residues, such as advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and carbamylation, have attracted considerable attention of the aging research community. In contrast, the roles of cysteine-derived crosslinks in aging pathobiology remain underappreciated. While native disulfide formation is essential for protein structure and function, the same redox features that make cysteine indispensable to protein biochemistry also render it particularly susceptible to nonspecific disulfide crosslinking. The body exploits specialized protective thiols such as glutathione to maintain redox homeostasis and counteract the deleterious effects of aberrant disulfide formation. However, these endogenous protective measures decline with aging, resulting in the accumulation of oxidative cysteine modifications. In this review, we highlight the emergent roles of cysteine-related molecular damage in age-related disease. Drawing inspiration from endogenous protective thiols, we survey progress in the development of small-molecule therapeutic thiols that show promise in mitigating damage caused by the accumulation of cysteine-derived crosslinks. Understanding the relationship between these aberrant crosslinks and protective thiol interventions in aging diseases, as well as how therapeutic thiols can be improved, is critical for the development of comprehensive treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":94189,"journal":{"name":"Rejuvenation research","volume":" ","pages":"193-210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and CPAP on Telomere Length and Its Associated Mechanisms: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Priscila Farias Tempaku, Vânia D'Almeida, Sylvia Maria Affonso da Silva, Lia Bittencourt, Sergio Tufik","doi":"10.1177/15491684261428017","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15491684261428017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to investigate the effect of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the gold standard treatment for OSA on changes of telomere length and its associated mechanisms. In this mechanistic pilot study of a selective patient population (middle-aged men, BMI < 35 kg/m², moderate-severe OSA), a 6-month randomized, double-blind, and sham-controlled clinical trial was conducted (Clinical Trials: NCT04872816, April 29, 2021 retrospectively registered). Participants were randomized to CPAP or sham-CPAP (randomization schema 2:1) and attended 7 visits, undergoing clinical assessments and blood collection to determine mean leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and assess metabolic and inflammatory markers. Among 127 individuals contacted, 46 met the inclusion criteria (<i>n</i> = 30 in the CPAP group and <i>n</i> = 16 in the sham-CPAP group). At baseline, individuals in both groups were homogeneous with respect to LTL (<i>p</i> = 0.106). Adherence during the intervention was measured in hours per night, recorded as 5.29 ± 1.09 hours/night for the sham-CPAP group and 5.71 ± 0.19 hours/night for the CPAP group, representing the last 30 days prior to the final visit. Three measurements of LTL were taken at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. After 6 months of intervention, a statistically significant effect of treatment was observed (<i>p</i> = 0.001) on LTL, with the sham-CPAP group showing a greater reduction (1.0117 ± 0.1552, 0.9457 ± 0.0747, 0.8482 ± 0.2163) compared with the CPAP group (1.0960 ± 0.1122, 1.0521 ± 0.1094, 1.0675 ± 0.1225). Furthermore, a negative correlation between delta LTL and delta TNF-α at Visit 7 and Visit 1 was found (ρ = -0.216, <i>p</i> = 0.003), primarily attributed to the sham-CPAP intervention (ρ = -0.383, <i>p</i> = 0.009) compared with CPAP use (ρ = 0.021, <i>p</i> = 0.800). We conclude that CPAP, compared with sham-CPAP placebo, was associated with stabilization in LTL, potentially through modulation of TNF-α.</p>","PeriodicalId":94189,"journal":{"name":"Rejuvenation research","volume":" ","pages":"211-218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147470661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Huntington's Disease: An Overview of Biomarkers in Prognostic, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Management.","authors":"Geetanjali Singh, Charan Singh, Arti Singh","doi":"10.1177/15491684261417549","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15491684261417549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric disturbances. It is caused by the abnormal expansion of cytosine-adenine-guanine triplet repeats in the HTT gene, leading to the production of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein. This protein contributes to neuronal dysfunction and cell death, particularly in the striatum and cortex. The review examines recent research focused on identifying and assessing potential biomarkers of HD, emphasizing the use of peripheral fluids and tissues as sources of biomaterials. Among the reviewed biomarkers, neurofilament light chain and mHTT emerge as robust indicators of disease progression, while combined biofluid and imaging biomarkers show promise for improving prognostic accuracy. These biomarkers offer insights into key pathological features of HD, such as oxidative damage, mitochondrial impairments, and persistent inflammatory responses. The incorporation of diverse biomarkers, including those from peripheral fluids and tissues, holds great promise for improving the diagnosis and management of HD. A well-defined and validated biomarker panel could significantly enhance clinical outcomes by facilitating early detection, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating therapeutic efficacy. Ultimately, this progress could accelerate drug development and lead to more effective treatment strategies for HD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94189,"journal":{"name":"Rejuvenation research","volume":" ","pages":"178-192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146208489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considerations on Heterochronic Plasma Transfer in Aging Research.","authors":"Jiayi Chen","doi":"10.1177/15491684261432587","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15491684261432587","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94189,"journal":{"name":"Rejuvenation research","volume":" ","pages":"219-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum ITGAM, CX3CR1, and iNOS Early Post-Op Correlate with Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Cardiac Surgery Patients.","authors":"Shengyan Du, Jin Wei, Yao Chen","doi":"10.1177/15491684261473060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15491684261473060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to investigate the relationship between serum levels of integrin alpha M (ITGAM), CX3CR1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (microglial activation markers) and the development and severity of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This observational study included 246 patients aged 60-80 years undergoing CPB. Serum levels of ITGAM, CX3CR1, and iNOS were measured preoperatively and early postoperatively (within 6 hours after surgery). Cognitive function was assessed preoperatively and 7 days postoperatively using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to evaluate the predictive value of the biomarkers. Among the participants, 94 patients developed POCD, while 152 did not. Patients with POCD exhibited significantly higher early postoperative serum levels of ITGAM, CX3CR1, and iNOS compared to non-POCD patients. ROC analysis indicated moderate predictive accuracy for each biomarker individually (AUC: ITGAM = 0.78, CX3CR1 = 0.72, iNOS = 0.74), with a notable improvement when biomarkers were combined (AUC = 0.87). MoCA scores at 7 days postoperatively showed significant negative correlations with biomarker levels, while positive correlations were observed between biomarker levels and serum neuron-specific enolase, a marker of neuronal injury. Elevated postoperative serum levels of ITGAM, CX3CR1, and iNOS are strongly associated with the development and severity of POCD in elderly patients undergoing CPB. These biomarkers show promise as predictive tools for early identification of at-risk patients and may represent potential therapeutic targets for mitigating POCD by modulating microglial activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94189,"journal":{"name":"Rejuvenation research","volume":" ","pages":"15491684261473060"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148633424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Age: A New Concept or a Linguistic Pivot?","authors":"Adiv A Johnson","doi":"10.1177/15491684261473058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15491684261473058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biological age describes how a person is aging on molecular, cellular, and physiological levels. At the present time, biological age is not something that can be fully quantified and aging itself is far too complicated to be captured by a single layer of information. As such, it is relegated to being an abstract and somewhat vague idea. In this sense, biological age is remarkably similar to health. Health, like biological age, is not well defined and too multifarious to be summarized with a single biomarker. Given their similarities, it is intriguing to consider whether or not biological age and health are synonyms. Indeed, these two ideas can be cleanly swapped with each other in a variety of scenarios. If someone appears uniquely vigorous and capable for their chronological age, that person can be described as either quite healthy or being biologically youthful. However, there are situations where biological age and health diverge from each other. It is possible, for instance, to have a short healthspan but a long lifespan. While biological age is otherwise comparable to health as an abstract idea, it is possible that biological age and health will be confidently quantifiable in the future. Indeed, such quantification may be unlocked by the integration of multimodal data and artificial intelligence. In such a scenario, biological age offers a clear advantage over health in that it operates on a more intuitive, familiar scale as opposed to an artificially created index.</p>","PeriodicalId":94189,"journal":{"name":"Rejuvenation research","volume":" ","pages":"15491684261473058"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148633364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Toxicity of Chemotherapy: Mechanisms, Challenges, and the Promise of Natural Therapeutics and Antioxidants.","authors":"Saba Beigh, Haroon Habib Beigh, Fauzia Ashfaq, Mohammad Idreesh Khan, Rasha Assad Assiri, Abrar Turki, Mirza Masroor Ali Beg","doi":"10.1177/15491684261462405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15491684261462405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemotherapy remains a cornerstone in cancer treatment, yet its associated toxic effects, particularly pulmonary complications, pose significant clinical challenges. Chemotherapeutic agents, either alone or in combination, can induce severe pulmonary toxicity through mechanisms involving direct cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. Drug-induced lung injuries, including interstitial pneumonitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and fibrosis, are commonly observed, with agents such as bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, and busulfan. Approximately 10% of patients undergoing chemotherapy experience pulmonary complications, necessitating effective management strategies. Emerging evidence suggests that natural products, particularly antioxidants and plant-derived compounds like ellagic acid, can mitigate chemotherapy-induced pulmonary toxicity by counteracting oxidative stress and inflammation. We aim to summarize the toxic implications of chemotherapeutic drugs on the respiratory system, elucidating the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. It also explores potential therapeutic interventions, including natural products, to reduce pulmonary toxicity. A thorough understanding of overall mechanisms will aid in the advancement of targeted strategies to improve the efficacy of cancer treatment while minimizing adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":94189,"journal":{"name":"Rejuvenation research","volume":" ","pages":"15491684261462405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148611465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yizhi Dihuang Decoction Ameliorates Mild Cognitive Impairment by Restoring Autophagy via PI3K-AKT-mTOR Modulation: <i>In Vivo</i> Validation and Network Pharmacology Analysis.","authors":"Zhihua Hao, Tianwei Meng, Songzhe Li, Yifan Bu, Rui Qie, Jing Chen","doi":"10.1177/15491684261460820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15491684261460820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) lacks approved disease-modifying therapies. Classical multicomponent prescriptions may act on convergent neurobiological nodes. We combined network pharmacology with <i>in vivo</i> testing to evaluate Yizhi Dihuang Decoction (YZDHD). Constituents were curated from traditional chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) and high-throughput experiment- and reference-guided database of Traditional Chinese Medicine (HERB under blood-brain barrier-aware SwissADME criteria. Targets were inferred, intersected with MCI genes, organized into STRING and MCODE networks, and examined by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment. Structure-based docking evaluated ligand-protein interactions across network-identified hub targets and ranked complexes by predicted binding energy. Predictions were tested in a D-galactose mouse model using the Morris water maze and novel object recognition, hippocampal histology with hematoxylin and eosin and Nissl staining, transmission electron microscopy, and molecular readouts by Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), including PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, p-mTOR/mTOR, LC3-II/LC3-I, and p62/SQSTM1. We identified 152 bioavailable compounds and 381 overlapping targets that converged on hub kinases including AKT1, PIK3CA, PIK3CD, and mTOR; docking supported feasible engagement. <i>In vivo</i>, YZDHD improved spatial learning and recognition memory, preserved hippocampal cytoarchitecture and mitochondrial integrity, increased LC3-II/LC3-I, decreased p62/SQSTM1, and reduced activation indices of AKT and mTOR. YZDHD ameliorates MCI-like deficits by rebalancing PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling and restoring autophagy-related activity. Signals for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) broaden the mechanistic hypothesis space and warrant targeted follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":94189,"journal":{"name":"Rejuvenation research","volume":" ","pages":"15491684261460820"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148414582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baozhu Granule as a Novel Treatment Strategy for Diminished Ovarian Reserve: A Prospective Clinical Trial.","authors":"Yan Zhang, Yueyue Gao, Aiyue Luo, Aiting Liang, Minli Zhang, Yao Yao, Tong Wu, Jianguo Fang, Wenqing Wang, Wei Xiong, Wei Xie, Meng Wu, Jinjin Zhang, Shixuan Wang","doi":"10.1177/15491684261462406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15491684261462406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), affecting more than 10% of reproductive-aged women, leads to impaired fertility and systemic health disturbances. Baozhu Granule, a novel Chinese herbal formulation, has shown potential ovarian-protective effects in preliminary studies. This exploratory clinical trial aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of Baozhu Granule in patients diagnosed with DOR. In this prospective, single-arm, open-label trial, 134 women aged 18-45 years with confirmed DOR were enrolled. Participants received Baozhu Granule (20 g, twice daily) orally for 12 consecutive weeks. The primary outcome was the recovery rate of ovarian reserve, assessed by antral follicle count and serum biomarkers. Secondary outcomes included menstrual recovery and changes in the Kupperman menopausal index (KMI). Evaluations were performed at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. Of the 134 enrolled patients, 108 completed the full treatment course; 20 of these were unable to attend the final visit (Visit 3) due to COVID-19 restrictions. Among the 88 patients evaluable at Visit 3, 68.2% showed recovery of ovarian reserve. Menstrual recovery was reported in 45.9% of patients, and 42.9% showed alleviation of menopausal symptoms (reduction in KMI). Subgroup analyses indicated that younger age, detectable anti-Müllerian hormone levels, and lower baseline follicle-stimulating hormone levels were associated with higher rates of ovarian reserve and menstrual recovery. Specifically, the overall recovery rate was 85.2% at 12 weeks of observation. No serious adverse events were reported throughout the study period. In this exploratory study, Baozhu Granule was associated with improvements in ovarian reserve, restoration of menstrual cyclicity, and relief of menopausal symptoms in women with DOR, with a favorable safety profile. These preliminary findings suggest its potential as a therapeutic option for DOR; however, further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":94189,"journal":{"name":"Rejuvenation research","volume":" ","pages":"15491684261462406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148274115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fucoxanthin Promotes Longevity and Neuroprotection in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> via DAF-16 and Autophagy Pathways.","authors":"Seona Kim, Sang-Kyu Park","doi":"10.1177/15491684261460844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15491684261460844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identification of natural compounds that delay aging and prevent age-related neurodegeneration is a key goal in gerontology. Fucoxanthin, a marine-derived xanthophyll, exhibits potent antioxidant properties, yet its effects on organismal aging and specific molecular mechanisms remain underexplored. Here, we investigated the pro-longevity and neuroprotective effects of fucoxanthin using <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>. Fucoxanthin supplementation significantly extended the mean lifespan of wild-type nematodes by 12.1% and improved health span, as evidenced by delayed age-related motility decline and enhanced resistance to oxidative stress. Notably, this lifespan extension occurred without compromising reproductive fitness. Genetic analysis revealed that the beneficial effects of fucoxanthin require the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16 and the autophagy-essential gene <i>bec-1</i>. Furthermore, fucoxanthin treatment increased autophagic flux and upregulated the expression of SKN-1/Nrf2-dependent detoxification genes, <i>hsp-16.2</i> and <i>gst-4</i>. In nematode models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, fucoxanthin significantly ameliorated Aβ-induced paralysis and protected against dopaminergic neurodegeneration and α-synuclein accumulation in a DAF-16-dependent manner. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that fucoxanthin acts as a multitarget geroprotector that promotes healthy aging through the coordinated activation of DAF-16 and autophagy, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic intervention for age-related decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":94189,"journal":{"name":"Rejuvenation research","volume":" ","pages":"15491684261460844"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148267598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}