Neuro-oncology advances最新文献

{"title":"Global insights into brain tumor registries: Lessons for countries establishing a national brain tumor registry.","authors":"Holly Wilson, Chris Tse, Sandar Tin Tin, Catherine Han, Thomas I-H Park","doi":"10.1093/noajnl/vdaf189","DOIUrl":"10.1093/noajnl/vdaf189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain tumor registries around the world have significantly contributed to the clinical, scientific, and epidemiological understanding of brain tumors. The success of these registries has prompted many other countries to create such resources for their own populations. This narrative review compares the construction, structure, and function of brain tumor registries in the United States, China, Japan, Canada, England, Australia, Austria, Denmark, and Sweden, drawing key learnings from each. Brain tumor registries from three large, medium, and small countries were identified, and their establishment, organizational structure, and primary functions were examined. This analysis found eight key considerations for establishing a national clinical registry: (1) clearly defining the aims and objectives of the registry, (2) assessing the role of supportive legislation, (3) evaluating various registry structures, (4) assessing existing registry infrastructure, (5) weighing the benefits and drawbacks of government involvement, (6) recognizing the role of specialist centers, (7) ensuring futureproofing, and (8) prioritizing comprehensive population coverage. These findings were then applied to the New Zealand context to demonstrate how such learnings can be considered by countries wishing to establish their own registry. This review provides a practical framework for nations seeking to develop similar clinical registries.</p>","PeriodicalId":94157,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-oncology advances","volume":"7 1","pages":"vdaf189"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translational advancements in tumor vaccine therapies for glioblastomas.","authors":"Rohan Jha, Lennard Spanehl, Jason A Chen, Florian A Gessler, Omar Arnaout, Pablo A Valdes, Bryan D Choi, Pier Paolo Peruzzi, Joshua D Bernstock, Ennio A Chiocca","doi":"10.1093/noajnl/vdaf051","DOIUrl":"10.1093/noajnl/vdaf051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioblastoma (GBM) presents significant therapeutic challenges due to the limited efficacy of current treatments. This resistance is multifactorial, stemming from tumor heterogeneity, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and the restrictive blood-brain barrier, which limits therapeutic access. In response, immunotherapies, particularly tumor vaccines, have emerged as strategies to harness the immune system against these tumors. This review provides an overview of recent advancements and notable clinical trials in tumor vaccine development for GBM. Additionally, it discusses recent preclinical advancements focused on enhancing immune recruitment and response. Identified strategies include peptide, cellular, and nucleic acid vaccines targeting tumor-specific antigens to induce antitumor T-cell responses. Clinical data and preclinical studies exploring various vaccine candidates, adjuvants, and delivery methods demonstrate encouraging results, with some showing improved progression-free and overall survival rates. Despite these advancements, it is clear that further research into personalized vaccines and combination therapies is necessary to enhance immune responses and improve clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94157,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-oncology advances","volume":"7 Suppl 4","pages":"iv72-iv83"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular immunotherapies for central nervous system cancers.","authors":"Brian J Scott, Michelle Monje","doi":"10.1093/noajnl/vdaf120","DOIUrl":"10.1093/noajnl/vdaf120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cellular Immunotherapies have transformed therapeutic options for individuals with hematologic malignancies over the past 10 years. There are several distinct types of cellular immunotherapies, each with potential applications to CNS cancers. Here, we review cancer cellular therapeutics for cancers of the brain and spinal cord, focusing on the preclinical and clinical studies that have been done in glioblastoma, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma/diffuse midline glioma, medulloblastoma and lymphoma involving the central nervous system. Numerous potential therapeutic targets have been identified, and several early clinical trials have demonstrated safety and feasibility of administering CAR T and CAR NK cells for intracranial tumors. Addressing mechanisms of treatment failure, while safely and effectively studying the most promising therapies will advance the treatment landscape for these extremely challenging diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94157,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-oncology advances","volume":"7 Suppl 4","pages":"iv84-iv94"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The glioma microenvironment and its impact on antitumor immunity.","authors":"Landon J Hansen, Christopher M Jackson","doi":"10.1093/noajnl/vdae204","DOIUrl":"10.1093/noajnl/vdae204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gliomas are a heterogeneous group of intrinsic brain tumors that are among the most difficult cancers to treat. Diffuse invasion into normal brain tissue prevents complete surgical resection; therefore, adjuvant therapy is necessary to curtail tumor progression and recurrence. High-grade, isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type gliomas, also known as glioblastomas, are particularly resistant to treatment. Despite aggressive therapy with maximal safe resection, radiation, and chemotherapy, the median survival remains less than 2 years and has changed little in the past 2 decades. A major focus of therapeutic development for cancer treatment is immunotherapy, which aims to enhance the immune system's ability to destroy tumor cells wherever they reside. While cancer immunotherapy has dramatically improved outcomes for patients with advanced melanoma, lung cancer, and many other malignancies, immunotherapies have not yet demonstrated the ability to reliably improve survival for glioblastoma patients. One of the fundamental challenges to developing effective immunotherapy for glioblastoma is the heterogenous and complex tumor microenvironment (TME), where there are multiple anatomic, molecular, and functional barriers to generating and sustaining antitumor immunity. Recent insights into the contributions of specific components of the glioma tumor microenvironment are leading the way from a trial-and-error approach to rationally targeted combination therapies. In this focused review, we discuss specific characteristics of the TME that impede immunotherapy for glioma and approaches in various stages of development aimed at overcoming these barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":94157,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-oncology advances","volume":"7 Suppl 4","pages":"iv19-iv31"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers of immunotherapy response in neuro-oncology.","authors":"Alexander P Landry, Yosef Ellenbogen, Andrew Ajisebutu, Chloe Gui, Andrew Gao, Farshad Nassiri, Gelareh Zadeh","doi":"10.1093/noajnl/vdaf104","DOIUrl":"10.1093/noajnl/vdaf104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While immunotherapy has shown significant promise for many cancers, its translation into the treatment of brain tumors has been limited. While several immunotherapy trials have been negative in brain cancer, these studies have identified a subset of responders which has generated considerable excitement for the future of the field. In this review, we summarize promising immunotherapy response biomarkers for CNS tumors with a focus on brain metastases, glioblastoma, and meningioma. The potential value of genomic, transcriptomic, cellular, proteomic, radiologic, and liquid biopsy approaches are discussed in a tumor-specific fashion. We emphasize the need to validate and expand upon each of these purported biomarkers. Disease-specific immunotherapy response biomarkers may potentially lead to more efficacious clinical trial designs, ultimately leading to new treatment options for a subset of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94157,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-oncology advances","volume":"7 Suppl 4","pages":"iv32-iv40"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publisher's Note: The landscape of immune checkpoint inhibitor clinical trials in glioblastoma: A systematic review.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/noajnl/vdaf122","DOIUrl":"10.1093/noajnl/vdaf122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94157,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-oncology advances","volume":"7 Suppl 4","pages":"iv71"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Within and beyond the tumor: Mechanisms of glioblastoma-induced immunosuppression.","authors":"Bhairavy J Puviindran, Shannon Wallace, Katayoun Ayasoufi, Emily Lerner, Peter E Fecci","doi":"10.1093/noajnl/vdaf006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/noajnl/vdaf006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunotherapies have thus far proved of limited efficacy against glioblastoma. Failures can be attributed to a host of immunosuppressive mechanisms that are either directly employed by the tumor or are instead a convenient feature of the intracranial environment. This review aims to categorize glioblastoma immune-evasive tendencies, provide an update on our understanding of etiologies, and describe newer approaches to improving therapeutic responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":94157,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-oncology advances","volume":"7 Suppl 4","pages":"iv4-iv18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current landscape of immunotherapy for CNS tumors.","authors":"Alexander P Landry, Gavin P Dunn, Michael Lim","doi":"10.1093/noajnl/vdaf118","DOIUrl":"10.1093/noajnl/vdaf118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94157,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-oncology advances","volume":"7 Suppl 4","pages":"iv1-iv3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunologic specificity in glioblastoma: Antigen discovery and translational implications.","authors":"Cameron M Hill, Anthony Z Wang, Brian Hsueh, Ramiro Ramirez, Ngima Sherpa, Marcelo Costa, Ofir Williams, Mao Li, Gavin P Dunn","doi":"10.1093/noajnl/vdaf028","DOIUrl":"10.1093/noajnl/vdaf028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of targeting tumor antigens (TAs) in glioblastoma (GBM). Several classes of TAs, such as tumor-associated, cancer testis, and tumor-specific antigens, have proven to be immunogenic and used safely in vaccines. Many of these vaccines have focused on tumor-associated or cancer testis antigens. However, tumor-specific antigens (TSA) present an ideal target due to the lack of tolerance and exclusive tumor expression, mitigating the risk of off-target effects. Most research on TSAs in GBM has aimed to uncover neoantigens, yet the dearth of shared neoantigens as well as the cost and labor-intensive process of identifying personal neoantigens have acted as barriers to treatment. A better understanding of the individual antigens spanning all three TA classes is important to improve the design of GBM antigen therapies and understand, fundamentally, the nature of immunologic specificity in glioma. We review the antigen classes in all cancers and how TAs are discovered. Then, we focus on the unique properties of GBM and the antigens that have been identified and used for therapy in GBM. Finally, we discuss translational considerations for future antigen-targeted treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":94157,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-oncology advances","volume":"7 Suppl 4","pages":"iv41-iv70"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in functional connectivity are associated with functional independence in the early postoperative period following awake surgical resection of language-eloquent glioma.","authors":"Kyle R Noll, Evan D Bander, Henry S Chen, Mariana Bradshaw, Jeffrey S Wefel, Vinodh A Kumar, Sujit S Prabhu, Ho-Ling Liu","doi":"10.1093/noajnl/vdaf192","DOIUrl":"10.1093/noajnl/vdaf192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neurocognitive decline in patients with primary brain tumors is associated with alterations in the functional connectome and reduced independence in daily living. This study explores postoperative connectomic changes associated with functional independence outcomes in patients with eloquent glioma, and how these associations differ from neurocognitive-connetcomic relationships.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen patients with left perisylvian glioma underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neuropsychological evaluation within 2 weeks before and on average 1 month after resection. Functional independence was measured with the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS) and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale (IADL). Graph theoretical analysis quantified functional brain network properties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postoperative need for assistance in at least 1 activity on the IADL increased in 80% of patients with Total scores significantly increasing at the group level (Mdn change = 4.0, <i>P</i> = .006). In contrast, need for assistance on the PSMS increased in less than 30% of patients and Total scores were unchanged. Connectomic changes in Local Efficiency, Clustering Coefficient, Path Length, and Betweenness Centrality showed significant associations with need for assistance on the IADL (ρ = 0.63 to.72, all <i>P</i> < .01) but few activities on the PSMS. Functional independence ratings were not associated with Karnofsky Performance Status, manual dexterity, tumor volume, or extent of resection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Alterations in functional connectomic properties after eloquent glioma resection are associated with early postoperative need for assistance in instrumental activities. Changes in connectomics are also associated with cognitive outcome in this population, though properties most involved appear to differ from those underlying changes in independence.</p>","PeriodicalId":94157,"journal":{"name":"Neuro-oncology advances","volume":"7 1","pages":"vdaf192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12461250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}