Journal of forensic nursing最新文献

{"title":"Do Concerns About Police Reporting Vary by Assault Characteristics? Understanding the Nonreporting Decisions of Sexual Assault Victims Who Utilize Alternative Reporting Options.","authors":"Rachael Goodman-Williams, Jessica Volz, Samantha Smith","doi":"10.1097/JFN.0000000000000469","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JFN.0000000000000469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Forensic nurses routinely provide services to sexual assault victims who are uncertain about reporting their assault to police. The purpose of this study was to determine whether assault characteristics are related to the concerns about police reporting expressed by sexual assault victims who have forensic evidence collected but do not report their assault to police at that time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed medical records of patients who received services at a hospital-based forensic nursing program between 2010 and 2021. Records were included if a sexual assault evidence kit was collected, the patient declined to report the assault to police, and the patient completed a nonreport sexual assault evidence kit supplement form that included a question asking why they chose not to report the assault ( N = 296). We qualitatively analyzed patients' reasons for not reporting the assault and then used two-variable case-ordered matrices and chi-square analyses to explore relationships between reasons for not reporting and assault characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Identified reasons for not reporting included lacking information about the assault, fear of harm/retaliation, and self-blame/minimization. Physical force, drug/alcohol consumption, and victim-offender relationship were related to patients referencing lacking information and fearing harm/retaliation as reasons for not reporting, but not related to the frequency of patients referencing self-blame/minimization.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Results indicate that assault characteristics are related to reasons for not reporting at the time of the medical forensic examination. Being aware of these relationships may help forensic nurses provide patient-centered services and anticipatory guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":94079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic nursing","volume":" ","pages":"151-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development and Implementation of a Forensic Education Module for Nebraska Critical Access Providers: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Catherine Magdaleno, Jennifer Cera, Leeza Struwe, Emily Blanchard","doi":"10.1097/JFN.0000000000000468","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JFN.0000000000000468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sexual assault, intimate partner violence, and human trafficking are traumatic events for individuals and communities. As healthcare shortages increase, critical access hospitals must manage resources to ensure comprehensive forensic care effectively. Current literature indicates a lack of forensic healthcare education for providers within critical access hospitals. This forensic education module for critical access healthcare providers aimed to (a) increase forensic examination competencies, (b) improve forensic interviewing skills, (c) increase provider self-efficacy, and (d) show knowledge retention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This mixed-methods pilot study utilized a convenience sample of 45 healthcare providers in Nebraska critical access hospitals who presented for the forensic education module training. Repeated measures analysis of variance and paired t tests assessed the aims of this study. Structured surveys gathered qualitative data on three themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Implementation of the forensic education module showed a statistically significant increase in forensic interviewing skills, nonstatistically significant changes in general self-efficacy, and sustainability of knowledge and self-efficacy over 6 weeks. Analysis also showed a clinically significant increase in provider self-efficacy over 6 weeks. Structured questionnaire responses showed participants valued the content to address their perceived barriers to providing care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study validates the need for increased education in Nebraska's rural and medically underserved areas to ensure access to forensic care and provision of services. This pilot study shows the potential for forensic education interventions to increase provider competencies and improve provider self-efficacy, with evidence of retention of knowledge and skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":94079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic nursing","volume":" ","pages":"E43-E49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139081189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Trauma-Sensitive Yoga on Persons Who Are Incarcerated: Identifying, Understanding, and Controlling Emotions.","authors":"Kimberly Collica-Cox, George J Day, Alicia Bennett, Cameron Maruszewski","doi":"10.1097/JFN.0000000000000482","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JFN.0000000000000482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While persons who are incarcerated have high rates of previous trauma, further traumatization can result from the experience of incarceration. The inability to effectively process trauma can lead to maladaptive behavior, a serious concern for correctional administrators. Acquiring the skills to regulate emotions and mitigate feelings of impulsivity help persons who are incarcerated take responsibility for their actions to make better decisions, simultaneously encouraging prosocial behavior, decreasing institutional misconduct, and reducing behaviors that place one at risk for repeated involvement in the criminal justice system.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Trauma-sensitive yoga (TSY) is one correctional intervention that can effectively address misconduct issues. Yet, the specific impact of TSY on populations who are incarcerated has not been empirically investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed-methods study, utilizing pretest and posttest interviewing, was conducted with male residents in a New York jail who completed a 4-week TSY program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data indicated that those who participated in TSY experienced statistically significant improvements in self-esteem, self-control, resilience, institutional conduct, self-efficacy, and emotion regulation. Qualitative data also indicated high levels of connectivity with other TSY class participants.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This research implies that cost-effective interventions like TSY have the ability to produce beneficial outcomes within a short time, which is integral to furthering rehabilitative efforts within the transient nature of the jail setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":94079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic nursing","volume":" ","pages":"195-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140133568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency Department Care for Prepubescent Patients Who Have Been Sexually Abused: Joint Position Statement.","authors":"Gail Hornor, Sara Jennings","doi":"10.1097/JFN.0000000000000503","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JFN.0000000000000503","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic nursing","volume":"20 3","pages":"E50-E52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142006195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trauma- and Violence-Informed Empowering Care for Sexual Assault Survivors.","authors":"L B Klein, Jessica Melnik, Kimberly Curran, Jeneile Luebke, Kaylen M Moore, Ashley M Ruiz, Cassilynn Brown, Diara Parker, Isabel Hernandez-White, Kate Walsh","doi":"10.1097/JFN.0000000000000483","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JFN.0000000000000483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Forensic nurse examiners, including sexual assault nurse examiners, provide care for survivors holistically through healthcare, emotional support, connection to follow-up care, safety planning, and, if desired, evidence collection to aid in the prosecution of sexual assault. There is increasing recognition that trauma-informed care must also include an understanding of the impacts of structural violence on minoritized patients to ensure health equity.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To help address this guidance gap, we expanded Campbell and colleagues' empowering care model using a trauma- and violence-informed care (TVIC) lens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used an iterative discussion-based process that included five joint meetings between a seven-member transdisciplinary research team and a five-member nurse advisory board.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a TVIC-informed empowering care model, we propose behavioral examples for forensic nurses for each of Campbell et al.'s five key domains of empowering care for forensic nurse examinations (i.e., build rapport and establish trust, show compassion, provide patient-directed care, convey professionalism, and provide resource referral and follow-up).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These behavioral examples for nurses can help guide forensic nurse training and practice to reduce disparities in treatment and follow-up support. Structures and systems are needed that enable forensic nurses to provide trauma- and violence-informed empowering care to survivors of sexual assault and, over time, increase the accessibility of forensic nurse examinations and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic nursing","volume":" ","pages":"166-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140178328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Murdered Indigenous Women: A Comparison Study of Victim and Perpetrator Patterns and Characteristics.","authors":"Victor G Petreca, Elizabeth B Dowdell, Shari L Harding, Mak Mars, Emily Pudvah, Johany Jeune, Ann W Burgess","doi":"10.1097/JFN.0000000000000481","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JFN.0000000000000481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The rate of violent crimes against Indigenous people, including murder and rape, is significantly higher than national averages. Even more concerning, Indigenous women and girls represent a large proportion of murdered and missing individuals in the United States. In addition to the murder rate of Indigenous women being higher than the national average, they are significantly more likely to experience rape or other types of sexual violence. The main goal of this study was to gain a better understanding of cases involving the homicide of Indigenous women and identify patterns associated with the violence committed against them.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cases of Indigenous women between the ages of 18 and 55 years were pulled from the database. Cases were coded and analyzed for information pertaining to victim, perpetrator, and crime characteristics. Descriptive analysis and test of association were performed.</p><p><strong>Results/findings: </strong>There was a statistical association between the nature of the relationship between perpetrators and victims and whether the crime occurred on a reservation, the race/ethnicity of the perpetrator, a victim's history of domestic violence, and the method and motive of murder.</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusion: </strong>Indigenous women are at an increased risk of victimization, including intimate partner violence and homicide. They also represent a group that has been marginalized, receiving little attention from the media, clinicians, researchers, and policy makers. The findings in this study highlight specific factors that may help to mitigate risk factors and/or enhance culturally competent clinical and forensic nursing practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":94079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic nursing","volume":" ","pages":"174-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140133567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Trafficking Awareness in the Emergency Care Setting: Joint Position Statement.","authors":"Brenda Braun","doi":"10.1097/JFN.0000000000000504","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JFN.0000000000000504","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic nursing","volume":" ","pages":"E53-E56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[It] Does Harden a Person Working in Such a Stressful Environment: U.S. Correctional Nurses Share Spillover Effects of Their Work.","authors":"Elizabeth Keller, Samantha Boch, Kermit G Davis, Gordon L Gillespie, Beverly M Hittle","doi":"10.1097/JFN.0000000000000479","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JFN.0000000000000479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The United States makes up 4.4% of the world's population but nearly a quarter of the world's incarcerated population. Despite caring for nearly 2 million incarcerated persons and managing their unique needs, little is known about how this work spills over and affects the nurses who work in correctional settings.</p><p><strong>Study objective: </strong>This descriptive study aimed to (a) examine write-in answers regarding correctional nurse perceptions of how their work impacts their health and their home lives and (b) explore correctional nurse responses for how to improve the work environment to better support their well-being.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The researchers compiled and analyzed qualitative data from a cross-sectional study where U.S. correctional nurses ( N = 270) completed an online survey. Manifest content analysis was used to analyze optional write-in data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 41% ( n = 111) of participants answered qualitative questions. Participants were primarily White (77.3%) and non-Hispanic or Latino (88.7%), working in prisons (65.8%), and employed by the state (63.8%) as registered nurses (70%). Three major themes emerged: (a) \"personal impact\": increased stress and burnout, overwhelming work hours, and emotional and physical effects; (b) \"social relationships and family impacts\": withdrawn, strained homelife, and uncertainty; and (c) \"need for change\": improved staffing, reduced mandatory overtime, and better support from management.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Correctional organizations may consider ways to support the well-being of their nurses through adequate staffing, flexible scheduling, decreased mandatory overtime, and hiring effective nurse managers as key members of the correctional team.</p>","PeriodicalId":94079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic nursing","volume":" ","pages":"185-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140133659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Demographic Characteristics of Victims of Sexual Assault in Rural Versus Urban Areas.","authors":"Elizabeth Salt, Isabella Erickson, Amanda T Wiggins, Tyrone Borders, Cynthia Curtsinger, Angela Wallace, Mary Kay Rayens","doi":"10.1097/JFN.0000000000000467","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JFN.0000000000000467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2019, over 459,000 persons in the United States survived sexual assault, and 21%-26% sought medical treatment. Ideally, trained medical professionals who understand the unique physical and mental health needs of this patient population, such as forensic nurses, would provide care. Yet, the care that forensic nurses and other healthcare providers can offer to sexual violence/abuse survivors is hindered by the lack of understanding of the demographics of those who seek care. With the delineation of highly affected demographic groups, barriers to care can be addressed.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study compared rates, demographic characteristics, acuity, and codes for sexual violence/abuse encounters experienced by those patients residing in rural versus urban counties of Kentucky (KY). This included encounters before and after SARS-CoV-2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Deidentified claims data were extracted for patient encounters billed with the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification for sexual violence/abuse seen at a university healthcare center serving the Northeastern, Southeastern, and Central regions of KY from October 2015 to February 2021. Analysis comprised descriptive statistics, independent samples t tests, and chi-square tests of association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant demographic differences were identified between the two groups. The mean age of those residing in rural areas was significantly younger than those living in urban areas. Similarly, the percentage of male survivors was significantly higher in the rural population. The racial composition also differed, with higher percentages of survivors being Black and Hispanic in the urban population, relative to rural dwellers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings suggest that rural youth (especially boys aged 10 years and younger) and urban minorities are at a higher risk for sexual violence/abuse in KY when compared with their counterparts (i.e., urban youth and rural minorities).</p>","PeriodicalId":94079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic nursing","volume":" ","pages":"E34-E42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11209829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139081188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enacting an \"Empowerment Approach\" After Sexual Assault: The Views and Beliefs of Forensic Nurse Examiners and Crisis Support Workers.","authors":"Mary Driver","doi":"10.1097/JFN.0000000000000476","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JFN.0000000000000476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sexual violence is a profoundly disempowering experience. It is essential that survivors are offered access to comprehensive medical care, psychological support, and follow-up in a way that offers them a high level of choice and control.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>There has been little research into how practitioners working in the context of immediate postassault understand empowerment and reflect this in their care delivery. This study sought to explore how crisis support workers and forensic nurse examiners conceive how they enact an \"empowerment approach\" in a sexual assault referral center (SARC) in the United Kingdom.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A phenomenological approach was taken, and data were gathered through focus groups and interviews.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Themes were identified under the headings of \"indicators of empowerment,\" \"empowerment as a process,\" and \"the empowerment approach.\"</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As part of providing person-centered care that enacts an empowering approach within the SARC setting, professionals need the skills and resources to be able to respond flexibly to their clients. They have a role in addressing victim blaming of those subjected to sexual violence and in promoting the accessibility of SARC services.</p>","PeriodicalId":94079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic nursing","volume":" ","pages":"E11-E19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139725484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}