Health affairs scholar最新文献_第5页

IF 2.7

Health affairs scholar Pub Date : 2025-07-22 eCollection Date: 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/haschl/qxaf145

Sungchul Park, Karen Eggleston, Young Kyung Do, David M Cutler

{"title":"Income-related disparities in the value of health care in South Korea.","authors":"Sungchul Park, Karen Eggleston, Young Kyung Do, David M Cutler","doi":"10.1093/haschl/qxaf145","DOIUrl":"10.1093/haschl/qxaf145","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Health care spending in South Korea is associated with improvements in health. However, it remains unclear whether the value of this spending is equally distributed across income groups.Methods: We analyzed lifetime health care spending and quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) by income quintile among South Korean adults from 2010 to 2018. We then calculated the ratio of changes in health care spending to changes in QALE to estimate the value of health care spending across income groups. Additionally, we investigated mechanisms underlying income-related differences in the value of health care.Results: Assuming 80% of QALE gains are attributable to health care, adults in the lowest-income quintile received the least value, incurring $78 209 per QALE gained. However, middle- and higher-income quintiles achieved greater value ($47 831, $46 905, $31 757, and $53 889 from the second to highest quintile), although the highest value did not occur in the highest-income quintile. The higher spending per QALE gained in the lowest-income quintile reflects smaller improvements in QALE, likely driven by poorer baseline health and greater unmet needs.Conclusion: These findings highlight structural inequities in the South Korean health system and emphasize the need for targeted policies to promote equitable health care value.","PeriodicalId":94025,"journal":{"name":"Health affairs scholar","volume":"3 8","pages":"qxaf145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12359133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144884585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Universal free school meals and child body mass index: impact among children in community-based health care organizations. 普及免费校餐和儿童体重指数：对社区保健机构儿童的影响。

IF 2.7

Health affairs scholar Pub Date : 2025-07-18 eCollection Date: 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/haschl/qxaf144

Jessica C Jones-Smith, Anna M Localio, Melissa A Knox, Tom Lindman, Janne Boone-Heinonen, Aileen M Ochoa, Anirban Basu

{"title":"Universal free school meals and child body mass index: impact among children in community-based health care organizations.","authors":"Jessica C Jones-Smith, Anna M Localio, Melissa A Knox, Tom Lindman, Janne Boone-Heinonen, Aileen M Ochoa, Anirban Basu","doi":"10.1093/haschl/qxaf144","DOIUrl":"10.1093/haschl/qxaf144","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Community Eligibility Provision (CEP) is a federal policy that allows high-poverty schools to provide universally free breakfast and lunch to all children. Providing universal free meals has potential to decrease childhood obesity, but so far, studies are limited and findings mixed.Methods: We used electronic health record data from a large network of community-based health care organizations and linked school-level data paired with extended 2-way fixed-effects models for staggered policy adoption to compare child body mass index z-scores (BMIz) from schools that adopted CEP to eligible, nonadopting schools.Results: The sample consisted of 149 052 distinct lower-income children who attended a balanced panel of 1085 schools in 12 states. Mean age was 10.8 years, with 84% being publicly insured, and plurality race/ethnicity being Hispanic (43.1%). Children in CEP schools gained less in BMIz compared with children in eligible, nonadopting schools (difference-in-differences: -0.02; 95% CI: -0.04, -0.004), with estimates becoming more negative over time. However, we also found some evidence of heterogeneity by the year of adoption with increases in BMIz in some specifications.Conclusion: This study builds on evidence suggesting that, for some low-income populations, universal free school meals are associated with relative decreases in BMI.","PeriodicalId":94025,"journal":{"name":"Health affairs scholar","volume":"3 8","pages":"qxaf144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12352392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What drug characteristics explain the wide range of manufacturer rebates? 什么药物特性解释了制造商回扣的范围之广？

IF 2.7

Health affairs scholar Pub Date : 2025-07-15 eCollection Date: 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/haschl/qxaf132

Molly T Beinfeld, Fariel LaMountain, Glenn Phillips, Tom Hughes, Peter J Neumann, James D Chambers

{"title":"What drug characteristics explain the wide range of manufacturer rebates?","authors":"Molly T Beinfeld, Fariel LaMountain, Glenn Phillips, Tom Hughes, Peter J Neumann, James D Chambers","doi":"10.1093/haschl/qxaf132","DOIUrl":"10.1093/haschl/qxaf132","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Prescription drug list prices, often cited in policy discussions, do not account for rebates negotiated between manufacturers and payers.Methods: This study examines factors influencing rebates in the United States, focusing on specialty drugs-ie, high priced therapies (often biologics) for which payers issue specific coverage policies. Rebate data came from SSR Health and drug attributes from the Tufts Medical Center Specialty Drug Evidence and Coverage Database. We stratified rebate data by drug type and characteristics.Results: We identified 161 drugs found in SSR Health and SPEC as of December 2023. We found that rebates vary substantially across drugs (median of 27%, IQR 16%-53%). Biosimilar and originator drugs have the highest, most variable rebates (median of 71%, IQR 53%-79%), while rebates for cancer treatments and orphan drugs are lower (medians of 19% and 23%, respectively) and vary less (IQR of 12%-28% and 14%-29%, respectively). Drugs that face more competition from alternative options within the same therapeutic class, are self-administered, or received Food and Drug Administration approval further in the past have higher rebates.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that rebates are sizeable and vary along several dimensions, many relating to market competition, complicating policy discussions around drug pricing.","PeriodicalId":94025,"journal":{"name":"Health affairs scholar","volume":"3 7","pages":"qxaf132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12290394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144736385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Home care workforce participation and household co-residence with people with LTSS needs. 家庭护理工作人员的参与和与有LTSS需求的人的家庭共同居住。

IF 2.7

Health affairs scholar Pub Date : 2025-07-09 eCollection Date: 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/haschl/qxaf141

Ari Ne'eman, Bijan Niknam

{"title":"Home care workforce participation and household co-residence with people with LTSS needs.","authors":"Ari Ne'eman, Bijan Niknam","doi":"10.1093/haschl/qxaf141","DOIUrl":"10.1093/haschl/qxaf141","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Workforce shortages represent a critical barrier to efforts to divert older adults and people with disabilities from institutional care. We seek to understand whether co-residence with persons with Long Term Services and Supports (LTSS) needs is associated with employment in the home care workforce.Methods: Using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and American Community Survey (ACS), we use cardinality matching to match home care workers with demographically similar non-home care workers and assess whether home care workers have statistically different rates of co-residence with persons with LTSS needs and persons aged 85+.Results: In the CPS-matched sample, 14.8% of home care workers resided with people with LTSS needs and 2.8% resided with persons aged 85+ as compared to 4.2% and 0.8% of demographically similar non-home care workers, respectively (both P < 0.0001). Results were substantively similar in the ACS analysis, which excluded workers employed within their own household.Conclusions: These findings document an association between home care employment and household caregiving responsibilities, suggesting that home care employment may be useful for persons managing household caregiving responsibilities, home care workers may better be able to assist disabled household members to stay in their own homes, or both.","PeriodicalId":94025,"journal":{"name":"Health affairs scholar","volume":"3 8","pages":"qxaf141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12363392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144983474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A 10-year comparative analysis of medical and surgical specialty lobbying by physician professional organizations. 医师专业组织对内科和外科专业游说的10年比较分析。

IF 2.7

Health affairs scholar Pub Date : 2025-07-09 eCollection Date: 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/haschl/qxaf140

Max Bouvette, Stephanie Beveridge, Kirtana Kumar, Mehak Ali, Justin Dvorak, Nirmal Choradia, Ryan Nipp

{"title":"A 10-year comparative analysis of medical and surgical specialty lobbying by physician professional organizations.","authors":"Max Bouvette, Stephanie Beveridge, Kirtana Kumar, Mehak Ali, Justin Dvorak, Nirmal Choradia, Ryan Nipp","doi":"10.1093/haschl/qxaf140","DOIUrl":"10.1093/haschl/qxaf140","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Physician professional organizations (PPOs) engage in lobbying to advocate for their interests and influence health policy. However, trends in lobbying across specialties are not well characterized. Disproportionate spending across PPOs may affect the ability to shape healthcare legislation and ensure that all physician voices are represented.Methods: We analyzed publicly available lobbying data from OpenSecrets.org covering 2014-2023, adjusted to 2023 USD. A total of 109 PPOs were included. Physician professional organizations were categorized as medical (n = 68), surgical (n = 29), or overlapping (n = 12), based on whether they primarily represented medical specialties, surgical specialties, or both. Physician workforce data from the AAMC were used to calculate spending per-physician. Temporal trends were assessed using a Mann-Kendall test.Results: Median annual PPO lobbying spending was $71 million, with a significant downward trend (P < .01, tau = -.64). Expenditures included $32 million (45%) by medical PPOs, $12 million (16%) by surgical PPOs, and $27 million (39%) by overlapping PPOs. The median annual lobbying spending per-physician was $78.Conclusion: These findings suggest that PPOs have not sustained lobbying investments over time, particularly when accounting for the effects of inflation.","PeriodicalId":94025,"journal":{"name":"Health affairs scholar","volume":"3 7","pages":"qxaf140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12287694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144710394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Total cost of coverage for members in California's marketplace. 加州保险市场中会员的总保险费用。

IF 2.7

Health affairs scholar Pub Date : 2025-07-09 eCollection Date: 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/haschl/qxaf135

Emily Kohn, Emory Wolf, Isaac Menashe, Katie Ravel

{"title":"Total cost of coverage for members in California's marketplace.","authors":"Emily Kohn, Emory Wolf, Isaac Menashe, Katie Ravel","doi":"10.1093/haschl/qxaf135","DOIUrl":"10.1093/haschl/qxaf135","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Discussions of coverage affordability within the Affordable Care Act (ACA) marketplaces generally focus on premium costs. However, the total cost of coverage includes out-of-pocket expenses such as copays and deductibles.Method: Using claims and enrollment data from Covered California, California's ACA marketplace, we document the total cost of coverage for households enrolled in full-year subsidized marketplace coverage as a percent of household income in 2019 and 2022.Results: In 2022, the average total cost of coverage for households below 400% of the federal poverty line was $2,519, representing 6.6% of household income. In 2019, the average cost of coverage for this population was 8.7%. The decrease was driven by decreases in net premiums, as out-of-pocket costs remained relatively unchanged. We also show that the total cost of coverage as a percent of household income is progressively distributed and varies substantially by plan metal tier.Conclusion: Overall, our findings indicate that income-adjusted affordability measures established by the ACA have reduced financial burdens for many consumers.","PeriodicalId":94025,"journal":{"name":"Health affairs scholar","volume":"3 8","pages":"qxaf135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12322486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144791039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The potential for patient-reported data and narratives to improve quality during emergency department boarding. 病人报告的数据和叙述提高急诊住院质量的潜力。

IF 2.7

Health affairs scholar Pub Date : 2025-07-07 eCollection Date: 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/haschl/qxaf138

Kelly T Gleason, Kathryn M McDonald, Susan M Peterson, Diane Kuhn, Mark Schlesinger

{"title":"The potential for patient-reported data and narratives to improve quality during emergency department boarding.","authors":"Kelly T Gleason, Kathryn M McDonald, Susan M Peterson, Diane Kuhn, Mark Schlesinger","doi":"10.1093/haschl/qxaf138","DOIUrl":"10.1093/haschl/qxaf138","url":null,"abstract":"Emergency department (ED) boarding, the holding of admitted patients in the ED due to unavailable inpatient beds, is a growing challenge linked to poorer patient outcomes. Traditional patient experience surveys, such as the ED Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (ED CAHPS), exclude insights from boarded patients, whose experiences could inform quality improvement efforts. We collected data using the patient-reported outcomes to improve diagnostic experience in the ED instrument from all patients, whether discharged or admitted. Early findings show that longer ED stays correlate with lower patient-reported diagnostic quality scores, with the highest quartile of stay durations averaging 3.79 out of 5 compared to 4.10 in the lowest quartile. A separate nationwide survey of diagnostic experiences, which did not specifically ask about EDs or wait times, also highlighted the impact of long ED stays. Patient narratives emphasized the need for better communication during boarding, such as explaining the reasons for admission. These findings suggest that including boarded patients in ED CAHPS' sampling criteria and incorporating open-ended questions could provide valuable insights for improving ED boarding practices. This commentary emphasizes the value of patient-driven data in identifying actionable solutions to mitigate the challenges of ED boarding.","PeriodicalId":94025,"journal":{"name":"Health affairs scholar","volume":"3 7","pages":"qxaf138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12303624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144736384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The disability mismatch: the case for a comprehensive disability status measure. 残疾不匹配：综合残疾状态测量的案例。

IF 2.7

Health affairs scholar Pub Date : 2025-07-04 eCollection Date: 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/haschl/qxaf137

Scott D Landes, Bonnielin K Swenor, Jean P Hall, Anjali J Forber-Pratt, Nastassia Vaitsiakhovich, Kate Caldwell, Mihir Kakara, Deborah Lefkowitz, Andrew Myers, Susan J Popkin, Nicholas S Reed, Emily F Rothman, Maggie Salinger

{"title":"The disability mismatch: the case for a comprehensive disability status measure.","authors":"Scott D Landes, Bonnielin K Swenor, Jean P Hall, Anjali J Forber-Pratt, Nastassia Vaitsiakhovich, Kate Caldwell, Mihir Kakara, Deborah Lefkowitz, Andrew Myers, Susan J Popkin, Nicholas S Reed, Emily F Rothman, Maggie Salinger","doi":"10.1093/haschl/qxaf137","DOIUrl":"10.1093/haschl/qxaf137","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Current disability questions used in many US federal surveys exclusively measure disability as having 1 or more of 6 functional limitations. This strategy is at odds with who is disabled as some disabled people do not experience these limitations.Methods: Using data from a nationally representative survey of 2169 adults, this study describes the potential of a comprehensive disability status question to improve the measurement of disability.Results: Results from this study demonstrate that a comprehensive disability status question successfully identifies disabled people who both do, and do not, experience limitations.Conclusion: These findings suggest that a single comprehensive disability status question may provide a viable and more inclusive alternative to identifying the disabled population in US federal surveys.","PeriodicalId":94025,"journal":{"name":"Health affairs scholar","volume":"3 7","pages":"qxaf137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12290393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144736383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Workforce impact of emergency department boarding. 急诊科登机对员工的影响。

IF 2.7

Health affairs scholar Pub Date : 2025-07-04 eCollection Date: 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/haschl/qxaf134

Vicki Norton, Kraftin E Schreyer, Diane Kuhn

{"title":"Workforce impact of emergency department boarding.","authors":"Vicki Norton, Kraftin E Schreyer, Diane Kuhn","doi":"10.1093/haschl/qxaf134","DOIUrl":"10.1093/haschl/qxaf134","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Emergency department (ED) boarding, or holding admitted patients in the ED due to a lack of available inpatient beds, presents a major challenge to healthcare systems. This study examines the impacts of ED boarding on clinician wellness, burnout, moral injury, and workplace violence.Methods: We distributed a survey to members of the American Academy of Emergency Medicine over 4 weeks in early 2025. It included 9 questions on experiences with boarding, demographics, and practice setting, plus an optional free-response question. Descriptive statistics were performed, and free-response questions were explored for insight and broader themes.Results: Among 195 respondents, 54.1% reported experiencing violence related to ED boarding, and 98.5% reported an impact on job satisfaction. Ninety-six respondents submitted free-text comments, which reflected 4 major themes: frustration and burnout; verbal and physical abuse; moral injury tied to profit-driven decision-making; and impacts on clinical care and patient outcomes.Conclusion: These preliminary findings that highlight additional adverse outcomes of boarding can be used to inform future policy decisions and clinical operations interventions to reduce and mitigate effects of ED boarding.","PeriodicalId":94025,"journal":{"name":"Health affairs scholar","volume":"3 8","pages":"qxaf134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12342924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144839431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strategic pathways to International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, adoption in France and the United States. 《国际疾病分类第十一次修订版战略路径》在法国和美国获得通过。

Health affairs scholar Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/haschl/qxaf099

Bastien Boussat, Robert Jakob, Laurent Boyer, Patrick S Romano

{"title":"Strategic pathways to International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, adoption in France and the United States.","authors":"Bastien Boussat, Robert Jakob, Laurent Boyer, Patrick S Romano","doi":"10.1093/haschl/qxaf099","DOIUrl":"10.1093/haschl/qxaf099","url":null,"abstract":"The International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11), developed by the World Health Organization, represents a transformative update to global health data classification systems. Building on the foundation of ICD-10, it introduces innovative features such as multilingual coding, advanced interoperability, postcoordination, and improved specificity, enabling better alignment with modern healthcare and digital information systems. This commentary explores the adoption pathways for ICD-11 in France and the United States, 2 countries with complex healthcare infrastructures and distinct implementation strategies. France's phased roadmap, led by the National Health Information Agency, prioritizes system readiness, workforce training, and pilot testing to ensure smooth integration with hospital information systems. In contrast, the United States, guided by the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics, focuses on regulatory alignment, funding models, and system modifications to support a seamless transition. The manuscript underscores the critical role of academic research in refining ICD-11's applications, assessing its impact on healthcare quality, and optimizing tools for implementation. Drawing lessons from early adopters globally, we advocate for a coordinated, resource-driven approach to achieve full ICD-11 adoption within 5 years. This transition is poised to enhance health data accuracy, support clinical research, and improve population health outcomes worldwide.","PeriodicalId":94025,"journal":{"name":"Health affairs scholar","volume":"3 7","pages":"qxaf099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12208713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0