CHEST critical care最新文献

{"title":"ICU Management of the Patient With Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease","authors":"Amita Krishnan MD ,&nbsp;David R. Janz MD ,&nbsp;Matthew R. Lammi MD","doi":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the advent of new therapies and improvements in supportive care, survivorship in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) is increasing. However, this increase in number of patients living with ILD has resulted in an increase in the number of patients admitted to hospitals with acute exacerbations of ILD, most commonly manifested as advanced hypoxemic respiratory failure. In addition, patients with ILD may be admitted to the hospital as their first manifestation of ILD or progression of an ILD of yet to be diagnosed cause. All of these presentations carry significant risk of severe respiratory failure requiring admission to an ICU. It is therefore necessary for the critical care practitioner to have an approach to the patient with ILD being admitted to the ICU. This review summarizes an approach to the evaluation and management of patients presenting to the ICU through a discussion of: (1) diagnosis of acute exacerbation in patients with previously diagnosed ILD; (2) diagnosis of patients presenting with ILD of unknown cause; (3) treatment of both acute exacerbations and underlying causes of ILD; (4) supportive ICU care for advanced respiratory failure due to ILD; and (5) outcomes of patients with ILD and severe respiratory failure in the ICU. In addition, we offer suggested approaches to determining the cause of respiratory deterioration in patients with ILD and deciding which advanced respiratory support devices are reasonable in managing ILD patients who have progressive respiratory failure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93934,"journal":{"name":"CHEST critical care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949788423000205/pdfft?md5=46571ae465bb4380a9a4f70b27a9e52a&pid=1-s2.0-S2949788423000205-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92044313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Inhaled Epoprostenol in Patients With COVID-19 Receiving Humidified, High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Is Associated With Progressive Respiratory Failure","authors":"Andrew P. Michelson MD ,&nbsp;Patrick G. Lyons MD, MSCI ,&nbsp;Nguyet M. Nguyen MD ,&nbsp;Daniel Reynolds MD ,&nbsp;Rachel McDonald MD ,&nbsp;Colleen A. McEvoy MD ,&nbsp;Vladimir Despotovic MD ,&nbsp;Steven L. Brody MD ,&nbsp;Marin H. Kollef MD ,&nbsp;Bryan D. Kraft MD","doi":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The clinical benefit of using inhaled epoprostenol (iEpo) through a humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHFNC) remains unknown for patients with COVID-19.</p></div><div><h3>Research Question</h3><p>Can iEpo prevent respiratory deterioration for patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 findings receiving HHFNC?</p></div><div><h3>Study Design and Methods</h3><p>This multicenter retrospective cohort analysis included patients aged 18 years or older with COVID-19 pneumonia who required HHFNC treatment. Patients who received iEpo were propensity score matched to patients who did not receive iEpo. The primary outcome was time to mechanical ventilation or death without mechanical ventilation and was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard ratios. The effects of residual confounding were assessed using a multilevel analysis, and a secondary analysis adjusted for outcome propensity also was performed in a multivariable model that included the entire (unmatched) patient cohort.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 954 patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 findings receiving HHFNC therapy, 133 patients (13.9%) received iEpo. After propensity score matching, the median number of days until the composite outcome was similar between treatment groups (iEpo: 5.0 days [interquartile range, 2.0-10.0 days] vs no-iEpo: 6.5 days [interquartile range, 2.0-11.0 days]; <em>P</em> = .26), but patients who received iEpo were more likely to meet the composite outcome in the propensity score-matched, multilevel, and multivariable unmatched analyses (hazard ratio, 2.08 [95% CI, 1.73-2.50]; OR, 4.72 [95% CI, 3.01-7.41]; and OR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.23-1.49]; respectively).</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>In patients with COVID-19 receiving HHFNC therapy, use of iEpo was associated with the need for invasive mechanical ventilation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93934,"journal":{"name":"CHEST critical care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949788423000199/pdfft?md5=4a6e14a81b1af862f339e0ffca12f864&pid=1-s2.0-S2949788423000199-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92026698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prone Positioning in the Context of COVID-19","authors":"Anna E. Krupp PhD, MSHP, RN ,&nbsp;Michele C. Balas PhD, RN, CCRN-K, FCCM, FAAN","doi":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93934,"journal":{"name":"CHEST critical care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49724021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of Host-Response Subphenotypes in Patients With COVID-19 Across the Spectrum of Respiratory Support","authors":"Michael Lu MD ,&nbsp;Callie Drohan MD ,&nbsp;William Bain MD ,&nbsp;Faraaz A. Shah MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Matthew Bittner MD ,&nbsp;John Evankovich MD ,&nbsp;Niall T. Prendergast MD ,&nbsp;Matthew Hensley MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Tomeka L. Suber MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Meghan Fitzpatrick MD ,&nbsp;Raj Ramanan MD ,&nbsp;Holt Murray MD ,&nbsp;Caitlin Schaefer MPH ,&nbsp;Shulin Qin MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Wang MD ,&nbsp;Yingze Zhang PhD ,&nbsp;Seyed M. Nouraie MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Heather Gentry BS ,&nbsp;Cathy Murray RN ,&nbsp;Asha Patel MS ,&nbsp;Georgios D. Kitsios MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 follow heterogeneous clinical trajectories, requiring different levels of respiratory support and experiencing diverse clinical outcomes. Differences in host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection may account for the heterogeneous clinical course, but we have limited data on the dynamic evolution of systemic biomarkers and related subphenotypes. Improved understanding of the dynamic transitions of host subphenotypes in COVID-19 may allow for improved patient selection for targeted therapies.</p></div><div><h3>Research Question</h3><p>We examined the trajectories of host-response profiles in severe COVID-19 and evaluated their prognostic impact on clinical outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Study Design and Methods</h3><p>In this prospective observational study, we enrolled 323 inpatients with COVID-19 receiving different levels of baseline respiratory support: (1) low-flow oxygen (37%), (2) noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or high-flow oxygen (HFO; 29%), (3) invasive mechanical ventilation (27%), and (4) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (7%). We collected plasma samples on enrollment and at days 5 and 10 to measure host-response biomarkers. We classified patients by inflammatory subphenotypes using two validated predictive models. We examined clinical, biomarker, and subphenotype trajectories and outcomes during hospitalization.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>IL-6, procalcitonin, and angiopoietin 2 persistently were elevated in patients receiving higher levels of respiratory support, whereas soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) levels displayed the inverse pattern. Patients receiving NIV or HFO at baseline showed the most dynamic clinical trajectory, with 24% eventually requiring intubation and exhibiting worse 60-day mortality than patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline (67% vs 35%; <em>P</em> &lt; .0001). sRAGE levels predicted NIV failure and worse 60-day mortality for patients receiving NIV or HFO, whereas IL-6 levels were predictive in all patients regardless of level of support (<em>P</em> &lt; .01). Patients classified to a hyperinflammatory subphenotype at baseline (&lt; 10%) showed worse 60-day survival (<em>P</em> &lt; .0001) and 50% of them remained classified as hyperinflammatory at 5 days after enrollment.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>Longitudinal study of the systemic host response in COVID-19 revealed substantial and predictive interindividual variability influenced by baseline levels of respiratory support.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93934,"journal":{"name":"CHEST critical care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949788423000187/pdfft?md5=9831b339fd99d8c2e852d50ec6a947bc&pid=1-s2.0-S2949788423000187-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92026697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac Biomarkers and Right Ventricular Dysfunction Are Associated Independently With 1-Year Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 Receiving Mechanical Ventilation","authors":"James McErlane MSc ,&nbsp;Philip McCall MD ,&nbsp;Jennifer Willder PhD ,&nbsp;Colin Berry PhD ,&nbsp;Ben Shelley MD","doi":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The cardiac biomarkers N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and troponin frequently are raised in patients with acute COVID-19. As a secondary analysis of the Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Ventilated Patients With COVID-19 study, we sought to determine the association between raised cardiac biomarkers and 1-year mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). As an exploratory investigation, we combined point-of-care echocardiography and cardiac biomarker analyses to determine whether the biomarker signal represented a global or regional cardiac injury.</p></div><div><h3>Study Question</h3><p>Are abnormal cardiac biomarker levels associated with 1-year mortality in patients with COVID-19 requiring IMV?</p></div><div><h3>Study Design and Methods</h3><p>In this prospective cardiac biomarker and echocardiography study in patients with COVID-19 across 10 ICUs in the west of Scotland, patients underwent contemporaneous cardiac biomarker testing with point-of-care echocardiography between days 2 and 14 after intubation. Survival analyses was performed using univariable log-rank and multivariable Cox regression.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>One hundred twenty-one patients were recruited between September 2, 2020, and March 22, 2021. At 1 year, 57.6% of patients (68 of 118) had died. Patients with abnormal NT-proBNP levels and patients with abnormal troponin levels showed a 1-year mortality incidence of 71.4% (50 of 70) and 80.4% (45 of 56), respectively. Both abnormal NT-proBNP and abnormal troponin levels were associated with 1-year mortality (<em>P</em> &lt; .001 for both). Abnormal troponin level was associated with subjective right ventricular dysfunction (RVD; <em>P</em> = .003), and no association with subjective left ventricular dysfunction was found (<em>P</em> = .342). On multivariable analysis, abnormal NT-proBNP level, abnormal troponin level, and subjective RVD were associated independently with 1-year mortality (hazard ratios, 2.82 [95% CI, 1.19-6.67], 2.84 [95% CI, 1.44-5.62], and 2.09 [95% CI, 1.07-4.07], respectively).</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>Abnormal NT-proBNP level, abnormal troponin level, and subjective RVD are associated independently with 1-year mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving IMV. Cardiac biomarker testing and point-of-care echocardiography are available readily during ICU admission and may identify a group of patients who are at very high risk of poor outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Trial Registry</h3><p>ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT04764032; URL: <span>www.clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></p></div>","PeriodicalId":93934,"journal":{"name":"CHEST critical care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49761511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation and Uncertainty","authors":"Chad H. Hochberg MD, MHS,&nbsp;Mary E. Card MD,&nbsp;Bhavna Seth MD, MHS,&nbsp;David N. Hager MD, PhD,&nbsp;Michelle N. Eakin PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Prone positioning was widely adopted for use in patients with ARDS from COVID-19. However, proning was also delivered in ways that differed from historical evidence and practice. In implementation research, these changes are referred to as adaptations, and they occur constantly as evidence-based interventions are used in real-world practice. Adaptations can alter the delivered intervention, impacting patient and implementation outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Research Question</h3><p>How have clinicians adapted prone positioning to COVID-19 ARDS, and what uncertainties remain regarding optimal proning use?</p></div><div><h3>Study Design and Methods</h3><p>We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with ICU clinicians from two hospitals in Baltimore, MD, from February to July 2021. We interviewed physicians (MDs), registered nurses (RNs), respiratory therapists (RTs), advanced practice providers (APPs), and physical therapists (PTs) involved with proning mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 ARDS. We used thematic analysis of interviews to classify proning adaptations and clinician uncertainties about best practice for prone positioning.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Forty ICU clinicians (12 MDs, 4 APPs, 12 RNs, 7 RTs, and 5 PTs) were interviewed. Clinicians described several adaptations to the practice of prone positioning, including earlier proning initiation, extended duration of proning sessions, and less use of concomitant neuromuscular blockade. Clinicians expressed uncertainty regarding the optimal timing of initiation and duration of prone positioning. This uncertainty was viewed as a driver of practice variation. Although prescribers intended to use less deep sedation and paralysis in proned patients compared with historical evidence and practice, this raised concerns regarding patient comfort and safety amongst RNs and RTs.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>Prone positioning in patients with COVID-19 ARDS has been adapted from historically described practice. Understanding the impact of these adaptations on patient and implementation outcomes and addressing clinician uncertainties are priority areas for future research to optimize the use of prone positioning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93934,"journal":{"name":"CHEST critical care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49778275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Racial Differences in Hypoxia Distribution on the Measured Prevalence of Occult Hypoxemia by Pulse Oximeters","authors":"Rama A. Salhi MD, MHS, MSc ,&nbsp;Valeria S.M. Valbuena MD ,&nbsp;Ashraf Fawzy MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Sarah M. Seelye PhD ,&nbsp;Theodore J. Iwashyna MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Racial differences in pulse oximeter accuracy increasingly have become recognized. However, previously published literature has not examined the extent to which underlying racial differences in levels of hypoxemia, such as those arising from differential testing, disease recognition, and treatment, may confound previously observed differences in pulse oximetry measurement.</p></div><div><h3>Research Question</h3><p>The presented study examined the extent to which underlying differences in arterial oxygen saturation (Sa<span>o</span>₂) drive previously observed racial differences in pulse oximetry occult hypoxemia measurement.</p></div><div><h3>Study Design and Methods</h3><p>Analysis was completed as a secondary data analysis of two existing databases. Data were reanalyzed from the previously published Veterans Affairs (VA) Patient Database (2013-2019) and the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry (2019-2020). Patients included general ward and critically ill patients. We compared the measured burden of occult hypoxemia (ie, Sa<span>o</span>₂ &lt; 88%, with peripheral capillary oxygen saturation ≥ 92%) when standardizing for population-level distributions of Sa<span>o</span>₂ vs when standardizing the sensitivity at each Sa<span>o</span>₂.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Black patients showed a higher likelihood of occult hypoxemia when compared with White patients in both data sources (Veterans Affairs Patient Database, 18.8% vs 14.9%; Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry, 14.6% vs 7.0%). The distribution of Sa<span>o</span>₂, to an extent, does change the measured occult hypoxemia rates; however, large racial differences were persistent after standardizing based on underlying Sa<span>o</span>₂ distributions.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>Underlying differences in Sa<span>o</span>₂ distributions were observed in the analyzed data. Such differences point to ongoing differentials in care; however, even when accounting for Sa<span>o</span>₂ distributions, differential detection of hypoxemia by race persisted in pulse oximeters in contemporary use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93934,"journal":{"name":"CHEST critical care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49778161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of Reconnection With ICU Survivors to ICU Recovery Program Clinicians","authors":"Tammy L. Eaton PhD, RN, FNP-BC ,&nbsp;Valerie Danesh PhD, RN ,&nbsp;Carla M. Sevin MD ,&nbsp;Kelly Potter PhD, RN ,&nbsp;Han Su PhD, RN ,&nbsp;Theodore J. Iwashyna MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Leanne M. Boehm PhD, RN, ACNS-BC ,&nbsp;Joanne McPeake PhD, BN (Hons), RGN","doi":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93934,"journal":{"name":"CHEST critical care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49778167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Prone Position in Patients With COVID-19 Treated With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation","authors":"Marina García-de-Acilu MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Andrés Pacheco MD ,&nbsp;Manel Santafé MD ,&nbsp;Jordi Riera MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Ricard Ferrer MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Jordi Mancebo MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Oriol Roca MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93934,"journal":{"name":"CHEST critical care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49778164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Critical Care Resiliency","authors":"Regis Goulart Rosa MD, PhD,&nbsp;Sérgio Renato da Rosa Decker MD","doi":"10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93934,"journal":{"name":"CHEST critical care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49778163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}