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THE SUSPENDING POWER OF DETERGENT SOLUTIONS: II. SOAP-BUILDER SOLUTIONS 洗涤剂溶液的悬浮力:SOAP-BUILDER解决方案
Canadian journal of research Pub Date : 1950-10-01 DOI: 10.1139/CJR50F-033
A. Weatherburn, G. Rose, C. H. Bayley
{"title":"THE SUSPENDING POWER OF DETERGENT SOLUTIONS: II. SOAP-BUILDER SOLUTIONS","authors":"A. Weatherburn, G. Rose, C. H. Bayley","doi":"10.1139/CJR50F-033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR50F-033","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory scale measurements have been made of the ability of certain alkaline salts, commonly used as laundry soap builders, to hold carbon particles in suspension, and thus prevent their deposition on fabric during the washing process. In the absence of soap little difference was noted between any of the builders studied, the suspending power being, on the whole, poorer than that of distilled water. In general, the addition of builders to soap solutions resulted in a decrease in the suspending power of the soap, this effect increasing with increasing builder concentration. The builders fall into three general classifications, viz.: simple electrolytes, silicates, and phosphates. Within each of these groups of builders the suspending power of a built soap solution increases with decreasing pH of the solution. A tentative explanation of the influence of added builders on the suspending power of soap solutions is offered, on the basis of interference with the normal adsorption of soap by the carbon partic...","PeriodicalId":9392,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of research","volume":"272 1","pages":"363-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1950-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90082654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
THE EFFECT OF HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE ON CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION OF DEER MICE AND ON HEAT TRANSMISSION THROUGH THEIR FUR 湿度和温度对鹿鼠二氧化碳产生和皮毛传热的影响
Canadian journal of research Pub Date : 1950-10-01 DOI: 10.1139/CJR50D-018
J. Hart
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE ON CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION OF DEER MICE AND ON HEAT TRANSMISSION THROUGH THEIR FUR","authors":"J. Hart","doi":"10.1139/CJR50D-018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR50D-018","url":null,"abstract":"The carbon dioxide production of deer mice at 1° to 18 °C. was not affected by humidity, but increasing the temperature decreased the carbon dioxide production of the mice. Heat transmission of mouse fur was also independent of humidity.","PeriodicalId":9392,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of research","volume":"93 1","pages":"280-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1950-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77666231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Time as a Factor in the Freezing of undercooled Insects. 时间是过冷昆虫冻结的一个因素。
Canadian journal of research Pub Date : 1950-10-01 DOI: 10.1139/CJR50D-019
R. Salt
{"title":"Time as a Factor in the Freezing of undercooled Insects.","authors":"R. Salt","doi":"10.1139/CJR50D-019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR50D-019","url":null,"abstract":"Undercooling points are shown to be unreliable as a measure of insect cold-hardiness. Insects held in an undercooled state freeze at irregular intervals, often over long periods of time. Freezing, which is fatal to most insects, is initiated by the formation of an ice-crystal nucleus, and the probability of such formation is dependent upon the extent of undercooling (temperature), cold-hardiness (a complex resulting from previous treatment), and time. For a specified degree of cold-hardiness, the probability of freezing is dependent upon temperature and time. If the temperature is fixed, the probability of freezing can be expressed in units of time. Freezing can take place on a rising temperature gradient as well as on a falling one.Unless an overwintering population is adequately protected by its environment and a high degree of cold-hardiness, losses from freezing will take place by degrees during the entire winter.","PeriodicalId":9392,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of research","volume":"23 1","pages":"285-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1950-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78729355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 66
STUDIES IN RACIAL TRENDS AND CONSTANCY IN CLADOSPORIUM FULVUM COOKE 黄颡鱼枝孢粉的种族趋势和稳定性研究
Canadian journal of research Pub Date : 1950-10-01 DOI: 10.1139/CJR50C-032
D. Bailey
{"title":"STUDIES IN RACIAL TRENDS AND CONSTANCY IN CLADOSPORIUM FULVUM COOKE","authors":"D. Bailey","doi":"10.1139/CJR50C-032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR50C-032","url":null,"abstract":"Intensive surveys of the physiological races of Cladosporium fulvum Cke. have been carried out during the past decade in southwestern Ontario, as a result of which seven such races have been identified. These are separated by differential reactions of the following hosts: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. varieties Potentate, Stirling Castle, Vetomold, V-121, and V-473; L. pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) Mill., Vineland, No. 160 and No. 11-22-15 strains; L. hirsutum Humb. and Bonpl. and L. hirsutum var. glabratum Muller. Evidence is presented that only two of these races existed when the surveys began and that the other five have arisen, probably through mutation, during the period under study. There is further a strong suggestion that the stimulus responsible for these mutations is somehow related to the colonization of an incompatible host by a race which remains stable pathogenically while in association with a susceptible host. Comparable mutants have not been encountered under experimentally controlled conditio...","PeriodicalId":9392,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of research","volume":"49 1","pages":"535-565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1950-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85664404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
CANADIAN ERUCIC ACID OILS: V. PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND EDIBLE PROPERTIES OF OIL FROM WEED SEED SCREENINGS 加拿大芥酸油:v.杂草种子筛选油的物理、化学和食用特性
Canadian journal of research Pub Date : 1950-10-01 DOI: 10.1139/CJR50F-036
X. H. Grace, H. Lips, A. Zuckerman
{"title":"CANADIAN ERUCIC ACID OILS: V. PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND EDIBLE PROPERTIES OF OIL FROM WEED SEED SCREENINGS","authors":"X. H. Grace, H. Lips, A. Zuckerman","doi":"10.1139/CJR50F-036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR50F-036","url":null,"abstract":"Monthly samples of cleaned weed seed screenings and of screenings oil (commercially solvent extracted) examined over a six-month period indicated that the composition of the screenings varied widely but that of the oil was remarkably constant. The composition of the weed seed was: wild mustard, mostly Brassica arvensts (53–79% av. 68%) mixed weed seeds (13–35%, av. 23%), crop seeds (4–10%, av. 6.6%), and broken and unidentified seeds (1–6% av 3%) The average characteristics of the oil were: iodine value, 124; saponification number, 182; free tatty acid (as oleic), 2%; relative light transmission (cf. mineral oil), 5% at 440 mμ, 18% at 540 mμ, 26% at 660 mμ. Appearance of the oil and response to processing were similar to those of rape and mustard seed oils. Small scale taste panel tests indicated that processed screenings oil was generally not as palatable as corn or cottonseed salad oils, but that screenings shortening was generally as acceptable as the control (commercial vegetable shortenings) the scre...","PeriodicalId":9392,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of research","volume":"19 1","pages":"401-411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1950-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82258874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The effect of forest succession upon the quantity and upon the nutritive values of woody plants used as food by moose. 森林演替对驼鹿食用木本植物的数量和营养价值的影响。
Canadian journal of research Pub Date : 1950-10-01 DOI: 10.1139/CJR50D-016
I. M. Cowan, W. Hoar, J. Hatter
{"title":"The effect of forest succession upon the quantity and upon the nutritive values of woody plants used as food by moose.","authors":"I. M. Cowan, W. Hoar, J. Hatter","doi":"10.1139/CJR50D-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR50D-016","url":null,"abstract":"The moose, Alces americana, in British Columbia reaches its greatest populations in the young second growth forest areas. Numbers decrease as the forest approaches its climax stage. The decline in population is known to be mainly the result of malnutrition.The present study of three stages in forest succession growing under virtually identical conditions of soil and climate has concerned itself with quantity of available palatable browse; carotene and ascorbic acid content of available palatable and unpalatable trees and shrubs; and with determination of values for moisture, protein, carbohydrate, ether extractives, and total mineral content. Most of the analyses are confined to the winter dormant period.It is determined that the forest changes studied involve a reduction in quantity of palatable browse to about one-third; that there is an increase of carotene values and possibly of total mineral content in the vegetation on more advanced forest areas, but that in ascorbic acid content, ether extractives,...","PeriodicalId":9392,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of research","volume":"1 1","pages":"249-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1950-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89323445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
STORAGE OF ISOLATED CHLOROPLASTS WITHOUT LOSS OF PHOTOCHEMICAL ACTIVITY 不丧失光化学活性的分离叶绿体的储存
Canadian journal of research Pub Date : 1950-10-01 DOI: 10.1139/CJR50C-030
P. Gorham, K. A. Clendenning
{"title":"STORAGE OF ISOLATED CHLOROPLASTS WITHOUT LOSS OF PHOTOCHEMICAL ACTIVITY","authors":"P. Gorham, K. A. Clendenning","doi":"10.1139/CJR50C-030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR50C-030","url":null,"abstract":"Fragmented spinach chloroplasts were stored for one year in 0.5 M sucrose at −40 °C. with almost negligible losses of photochemical activity. Thawed chloroplasts and freshly isolated chloroplasts showed similar rates of deterioration at 10 °C. Washed chloroplasts did not show as high retention of activity during low temperature storage as crude chloroplast suspensions. High retentions of activity were observed with chloroplasts from different plant species, as well as with different oxidants. The activities of subsamples that were frozen and thawed in a standard way agreed within 5%. Deterioration during lyophilization of chloroplasts occurred chiefly during the early stages of drying, and was lessened by sucrose. The stability of lyophilized chloroplasts in storage varied directly with the degree of desiccation and inversely with the storage temperature; little deterioration occurred in thoroughly dried chloroplasts during lengthy storage at or below 5 °C.","PeriodicalId":9392,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of research","volume":"14 1","pages":"513-524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1950-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75308344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Note on the Stereoisomers of 2,3-Butanediol Produced by Yeast 酵母产生的2,3-丁二醇立体异构体的注释
Canadian journal of research Pub Date : 1950-10-01 DOI: 10.1139/CJR50B-079
A. Neish
{"title":"Note on the Stereoisomers of 2,3-Butanediol Produced by Yeast","authors":"A. Neish","doi":"10.1139/CJR50B-079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR50B-079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9392,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of research","volume":"68 1","pages":"660-661"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1950-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88062018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF 2,3-BUTANEDIOL XXXVI. LINEAR POLYESTERS OF 2,3-BUTANEDIOL 2,3-丁二醇的制备及性质2,3-丁二醇线性聚酯
Canadian journal of research Pub Date : 1950-10-01 DOI: 10.1139/CJR50B-078
R. Watson, N. Grace, J. Barnwell
{"title":"PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF 2,3-BUTANEDIOL XXXVI. LINEAR POLYESTERS OF 2,3-BUTANEDIOL","authors":"R. Watson, N. Grace, J. Barnwell","doi":"10.1139/CJR50B-078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR50B-078","url":null,"abstract":"New polyesters with basic units containing 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, and 14 chain atoms have been prepared from levo-2,3-butanediol and ethyl oxalate, ethyl malonate, dimethyl terephthalate, maleic anhydride, succinic, glutaric, adipic, azelaic, and sebacic acids, and from meso-2,3-butanediol and o-phthalic anhydride. Esterification of 2,3-butanediol with a dibasic acid, or its anhydride, is accompanied by a side reaction, in which butanone-2 and the cyclic methyl ethyl ketal are formed. The purified polyesters, with the exception of the poly-malonate, appear to be composed of regularly recurring acid and diol segments over the molecular weight ranges investigated. Without exception they are amorphous resins or balsams. Polyesters formed from saturated aliphatic dibasic acids become progressively softer as the number of methylene groups in the acid segment increases. The polymeric oxalate, on distillation in vacuo, is converted to a macrocrystalline cyclic monomer.","PeriodicalId":9392,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of research","volume":"25 1","pages":"652-659"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1950-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81621638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
THE EFFECT OF HEMICELLULOSES ON THE PAPERMAKING PROPERTIES OF WHITE BIRCH 半纤维素对白桦造纸性能的影响
Canadian journal of research Pub Date : 1950-10-01 DOI: 10.1139/CJR50F-034
D. A. Sitch, H. B. Marshall
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF HEMICELLULOSES ON THE PAPERMAKING PROPERTIES OF WHITE BIRCH","authors":"D. A. Sitch, H. B. Marshall","doi":"10.1139/CJR50F-034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/CJR50F-034","url":null,"abstract":"A fibrous holocellulose was isolated from white birch using hot acidified sodium chlorite solutions. Pulps of varying hemicellulose content were prepared by alkaline treatment, and their beating and sheetmaking properties compared with the original holocellulose. Tensile strength increased with hemicellulose content, whereas tearing resistance and fold endurance decreased. Bursting strength reached a maximum at about 15% alkali-extractable hemicellulose content. Pulps obtained in yields of 46–53%, i.e., containing 10–20% hemicellulose, possessed the best over-all strength.A bleached sulphite pulp prepared from the same chips in a yield of 43.6% contained 20.7% alkali-extractable hemicellulose. The over-all yield of α-cellulose was about 6% lower, based on the wood, than in the case of the holocellulose, thus indicating greater fiber damage during the sulphite process. Hand sheets made from the sulphite pulp were inferior to sheets made from a chlorite pulp of the same hemicellulose content in bursting and...","PeriodicalId":9392,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of research","volume":"29 1","pages":"376-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1950-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79251499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
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