Bone最新文献

{"title":"Osteophyte size and location on hip DXA scans are associated with hip pain: Findings from a cross sectional study in UK Biobank","authors":"B. Faber, R. Ebsim, F. Saunders, M. Frysz, C. Lindner, J. Gregory, R. Aspden, N. C. Harvey, G. Davey Smith, T. Cootes, J. Tobias","doi":"10.1101/2021.04.26.21255905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.26.21255905","url":null,"abstract":"Objective It remains unclear how the different features of radiographic hip osteoarthritis (rHOA) contribute to hip pain. We examined the relationship between rHOA, including its individual components, and hip pain using a novel dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-based method. Methods Hip DXAs were obtained from UK Biobank. An automated method was developed to obtain minimum joint space width (mJSW) from points placed around the femoral head and acetabulum. Osteophyte areas at the lateral acetabulum, superior and inferior femoral head were derived manually. Semi-quantitative measures of osteophytes and joint space narrowing (JSN) were combined to provide a measure of rHOA. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between these variables and hip pain, obtained via questionnaires. Results 6,807 hip DXAs were examined. rHOA was present in 353 [5.2%] individuals and was associated with hip pain [OR 2.07 (95% CI 1.54-2.80)] and hospital diagnosed OA [5.73 (2.89-11.36)]. Total osteophyte area and mJSW were associated with hip pain [1.29 (1.21-1.36), 0.84 (0.77-0.92) respectively] in unadjusted models. After mutually adjusting and adding demographic covariates, total osteophyte area continued to have strong evidence of association with hip pain [1.31 (1.23-1.39)] but mJSW did not [0.95 (0.87-1.04)]. Acetabular, superior and inferior femoral osteophyte areas were all independently associated with hip pain [1.19 (1.13-1.26), 1.22 (1.15-1.29), 1.21 (1.14-1.28) respectively]. Conclusion The relationship between DXA-derived rHOA and prevalent hip pain is explained by osteophyte area rather than mJSW. Osteophytes at different locations showed important, potentially independent, associations with hip pain, possibly reflecting the contribution of distinct biomechanical pathways.","PeriodicalId":93913,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"153 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44274248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone Geometry and Microarchitecture Deficits in Children with Alagille Syndrome.","authors":"J. Kindler, Ellen L. Mitchell, D. Piccoli, A. Grimberg, M. Leonard, K. Loomes, B. Zemel","doi":"10.1530/boneabs.7.p63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/boneabs.7.p63","url":null,"abstract":"Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is an autosomal dominant disorder attributed to mutations in the Notch signaling pathway. Children with ALGS are at increased risk for fragility fracture of unknown etiology. Our objective was to characterize bone mass, geometry, and microarchitecture in children with ALGS. This was a cross-sectional study of 10 children (9 females), ages 8-18 years, with a clinical diagnosis of ALGS. Bone density was assessed via DXA (Hologic Discovery A) at several skeletal regions. Tibia trabecular and cortical bone was assessed via pQCT (Stratec XCT 2000) at the distal 3% and 38% sites, respectively. Tibia bone microarchitecture was assessed via HR-pQCT (Scanco XtremeCT II) at an ultradistal site located at 4% of tibia length and a cortical site at 30% of tibia length. Z-scores were calculated for DXA and pQCT measures. In the absence of XtremeCT II HR-pQCT reference data, these outcome measures were descriptively compared to a sample of healthy children ages 5-20 years (n=247). Anthropometrics and labs were also collected. Based on one-sample t-tests, mean Z-scores for height and weight (both p<0.05), were significantly less than zero. DXA bone Z-scores were not significantly different from zero, but were highly variable. For pQCT bone measures, Z-scores for total bone mineral content at the distal 3% site and cortical bone mineral content, cortical area, and cortical thickness at the distal 38% site were significantly less than zero (all p<0.05). There was good correspondence between pQCT measures of cortical thickness Z-scores and DXA Z-scores for aBMD at the whole body less head, 1/3 radius, and femoral neck (all p<0.05). Compared to healthy children, those with ALGS generally had lower trabecular number and greater trabecular separation despite having greater trabecular thickness (measured via HR-pQCT). Bilirubin and bile acids, markers of hepatic cholestasis, were associated with poorer bone measures. For example, greater bilirubin was associated with lower trabecular number (Spearman's rho [ρ]=-0.82, p=0.023) and greater trabecular separation (ρ=0.82, p=0.023) measured via HR-pQCT, and greater bile acids were associated with lower cortical area measured via pQCT (ρ=-0.78, p=0.041) and lower serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (ρ=-0.86, p=0.002). In summary, deficits in cortical bone size and trabecular bone microarchitecture were evident in children with ALGS. Further investigation is needed to understand the factors contributing to these skeletal inadequacies, and the manner in which these deficits contribute to increased fracture risk.","PeriodicalId":93913,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"1 1","pages":"115576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47172523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in the longitudinal associations between body composition and bone stiffness index in European children and adolescents.","authors":"Lan Cheng, H. Pohlabeln, W. Ahrens, P. Russo, T. Veidebaum, C. Chadjigeorgiou, D. Molnár, G. Eiben, S. de Henauw, L. Moreno, A. Page, A. Hebestreit","doi":"10.1530/boneabs.7.p107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/boneabs.7.p107","url":null,"abstract":"Fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) may influence bone health differentially. However, existing evidences on associations between FM, FFM and bone health are inconsistent and vary according to sex and maturity. The present study aims to evaluate longitudinal associations between FM, FFM and bone stiffness index (SI) among European children and adolescents with 6 years follow-up. A sample of 2468 children from the IDEFICS/I.Family was included, with repeated measurements of SI using calcaneal quantitative ultrasound, body composition using skinfold thickness, sedentary behaviors and physical activity using self-administrated questionnaires. Regression coefficients (β) and 99%-confidence intervals (99% CI) were calculated by sex-specified generalized linear mixed effects models to analyze the longitudinal associations between FM and FFM z-scores (zFM and zFFM) and SI percentiles, and to explore the possible interactions between zFM, zFFM and maturity. Baseline zFFM was observed to predict the change in SI percentiles in both boys (β = 4.57, 99% CI: 1.36, 7.78) and girls (β = 3.42, 99% CI: 0.05, 6.79) after 2 years. Moreover, baseline zFFM (β = 8.72, 99% CI: 3.18, 14.27 in boys and β = 5.89, 99% CI: 0.34, 11.44 in girls) and the change in zFFM (β = 6.58, 99% CI: 0.83, 12.34 in boys and β = 4.81, 99% CI: -0.41, 10.02 in girls) were positively associated with the change in SI percentiles after 6 years. In contrast, a negative association was observed between the change in zFM and SI percentiles in boys after 6 years (β = -3.70, 99% CI: -6.99, -0.42). Besides, an interaction was observed between the change in zFM and menarche on the change in SI percentiles in girls at 6 years follow-up (p = .009), suggesting a negative association before menarche while a positive association after menarche. Our findings support the existing evidences for a positive relationship between FFM and SI during growth. Furthermore, long-term FM gain was inversely associated with SI in boys, whereas opposing associations were observed across menarche in girls.","PeriodicalId":93913,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"1 1","pages":"115162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42214305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth, enzymatic glutathione peroxidase activity and biochemical status of juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer) fed dietary fermented soybean meal and organic selenium.","authors":"I Ilham, Ravi Fotedar","doi":"10.1007/s10695-016-0331-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10695-016-0331-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) was fermented using baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae at 30 °C for 5 days. Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing 75% SBM protein, either fermented or non-fermented (SBM and FSBM), and supplemented or not with organic Se (OS) (SBM_OS and FSBM_OS), were fed to triplicate groups of juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer) (initial weight of 5 g) for 75 days. A fishmeal (FM)-based diet formulated for juvenile barramundi was used as a reference diet. The growth of fish was significantly affected by either the interaction of SBM type or by the OS level. In fish fed diets supplemented with OS (SBM_OS and FSBM_OS), final weight (FW), specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG) were higher in fish fed the fermented SBM (FSBM_OS) than in those fed the non-fermented SBM (SBM_OS). The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of protein was higher in the fish fed the fermented SBM, either supplemented or unsupplemented with OS. However, there were no significant differences in the ADC of dry matter (DM) and lipids among the tested diets and in comparison to the reference diet. The haematocrit and leucocrit of fish fed the FSBM_OS diet were lower than those of fish fed the FM diet. Furthermore, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was significantly influenced by OS supplementation in the experimental diets; GPx activity was greater in the fish fed diets supplemented with OS. Creatinine kinase (CK) of all groups of fish was higher than the CK of those fed the reference diet. These results suggest that with a proper nutritional level, OS supplementation may act as an important factor in enzymatic GPx activity and in the haematology and blood biochemistry status of juvenile barramundi fed fermented SBM-based diets, encouraging improvement of the overall growth performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":93913,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"84 1","pages":"775-790"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10695-016-0331-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75843426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The equilibrium of ubiquitination and deubiquitination at PLK1 regulates sister chromatid separation.","authors":"Junjun Liu, Chuanmao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00018-017-2457-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00018-017-2457-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PLK1 regulates almost every aspect of mitotic events, including mitotic entry, spindle assembly, chromosome alignment, sister chromatid segregation, metaphase-anaphase transition, cytokinesis, etc. In regulating the chromosome alignment and sister chromatid segregation, PLK1 has to be localized to and removed from kinetochores at the right times, and the underlying mechanism that regulates PLK1 both spatially and temporally only became clearer recently. It has been found that deubiquitination and ubiquitination of PLK1 are responsible for its localization to and dissociation from the kinetochores, respectively. The equilibrium of this ubiquitination and deubiquitination plays an important role in regulating proper chromosome alignment and timely sister chromatid segregation. Here, we summarize and discuss the recent findings in investigating the spatial and temporal regulation of PLK1 during chromosome alignment and sister chromatid segregation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93913,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"16 1","pages":"2127-2134"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11107562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75743072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Enigma of Poor Performance by Adults With Cochlear Implants.","authors":"Aaron C Moberly, Chelsea Bates, Michael S Harris, David B Pisoni","doi":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000001211","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MAO.0000000000001211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Considerable unexplained variability and large individual differences exist in speech recognition outcomes for postlingually deaf adults who use cochlear implants (CIs), and a sizeable fraction of CI users can be considered \"poor performers.\" This article summarizes our current knowledge of poor CI performance, and provides suggestions to clinicians managing these patients.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Studies are reviewed pertaining to speech recognition variability in adults with hearing loss. Findings are augmented by recent studies in our laboratories examining outcomes in postlingually deaf adults with CIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In addition to conventional clinical predictors of CI performance (e.g., amount of residual hearing, duration of deafness), factors pertaining to both \"bottom-up\" auditory sensitivity to the spectro-temporal details of speech, and \"top-down\" linguistic knowledge and neurocognitive functions contribute to CI outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The broad array of factors that contribute to speech recognition performance in adult CI users suggests the potential both for novel diagnostic assessment batteries to explain poor performance, and also new rehabilitation strategies for patients who exhibit poor outcomes. Moreover, this broad array of factors determining outcome performance suggests the need to treat individual CI patients using a personalized rehabilitation approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":93913,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"45 1","pages":"1522-1528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5102802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75702652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction between deglutition, tongue posture, and malocclusion: A comparison of intraoral compartment formation in subjects with neutral occlusion or different types of malocclusion.","authors":"Michael Knösel, Carolin Nüser, Klaus Jung, Hans-Joachim Helms, Wilfried Engelke, Paulo Sandoval","doi":"10.2319/101615-699.1","DOIUrl":"10.2319/101615-699.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To test the null hypothesis of no significant difference in terms of intraoral pressure curve characteristics assessed simultaneously at the subpalatal space (SPS) and the vestibular space (VS), during different oral postures, between four groups with either an Angle Class II/1 (II1), Angle Class II/2 (II2), anterior open bite (O) malocclusion, or a neutral occlusion control group (I).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Intraoral pressure recordings were performed simultaneously in the VS and SPS of 69 consecutive subjects (nII1  =  15; nII2  =  17; nO  =  17; nI  =  20; mean age/standard deviation 18.43/6.60 years). Assessments included defined sections of open mouth posture (OMP, 30 seconds), anteriorly closed mouth condition (60 seconds), dynamics by a tongue-repositioning maneuver (TRM, 60 seconds), swallowing, and positive pressure generation (PP, 10 seconds). Interactions of malocclusion, compartment location, and posture on pressure curve characteristics were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests, adopting an α level of 5%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Globally significant group differences were detected at the VS (plateau duration and median peak heights during TRM; area under pressure curve [AUC] during PP) and SPS (AUC during TRM and PP). Subjects with anteriorly nonopen dental configurations (groups I and II2) were able to keep negative pressure levels at the VS for longer time periods during TRM, compared to groups O and II1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The null hypothesis was rejected for mean VS plateau durations and peak heights and for SPS AUC. Negative pressures at the VS may stabilize outer soft tissues passively and may explain the dental arch form shaping effect by mimic muscles.</p>","PeriodicalId":93913,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"29 5 1","pages":"697-705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8600850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78889425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Endocannabinoid System as a Therapeutic Target in Glaucoma.","authors":"Elizabeth A Cairns, William H Baldridge, Melanie E M Kelly","doi":"10.1155/2016/9364091","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2016/9364091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glaucoma is an irreversible blinding eye disease which produces progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the only modifiable risk factor, and lowering IOP results in reduced risk of progression of the disorder. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has attracted considerable attention as a potential target for the treatment of glaucoma, largely due to the observed IOP lowering effects seen after administration of exogenous cannabinoids. However, recent evidence has suggested that modulation of the ECS may also be neuroprotective. This paper will review the use of cannabinoids in glaucoma, presenting pertinent information regarding the pathophysiology of glaucoma and how alterations in cannabinoid signalling may contribute to glaucoma pathology. Additionally, the mechanisms and potential for the use of cannabinoids and other novel agents that target the endocannabinoid system in the treatment of glaucoma will be discussed. </p>","PeriodicalId":93913,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"47 1","pages":"9364091"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75747973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfer of soy isoflavone into the egg yolk of chickens.","authors":"S Saitoh, T Sato, H Harada, T Takita","doi":"10.1271/bbb.65.2220","DOIUrl":"10.1271/bbb.65.2220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A diet containing a high concentration of soy isoflavone was administered to laying hens and the contents of the isoflavones transferred to the plasma and egg yolk were measured. A method for quantitatively measuring the concentration of isoflavone in the yolk was first established, before a high concentration of soy isoflavone was administered to the laying hens over an 18-day period. The concentrations of isoflavone in the plasma and egg yolk reached their highest on the 12th day of the feeding period, the values being 3,167 nmol/l and 65.29 microg/100 g, respectively. The concentration of cholesterol in the yolk was slightly affected during the early stages of the feeding period. These findings clearly demonstrate that soy isoflavone was transferred into the yolk from the feed and that the cholesterol concentration in the yolk was affected by administering the soy isoflavone-enriched feed.</p>","PeriodicalId":93913,"journal":{"name":"Bone","volume":"43 1","pages":"2220-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1271/bbb.65.2220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75642680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}