Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”最新文献

{"title":"Hydrological profile of the river in the drainage territory of the Assa-Talas basin in considering technological processes","authors":"Z. Mustafayev, A. Kozykeyeva, Kuanysh Bakytzhanovich Abdeshev, N. Tursynbayev","doi":"10.31489/2023bmg2/174-188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2023bmg2/174-188","url":null,"abstract":"Based on long-term information and analytical materials, the hydrological posts of the RSE “Kazhydromet” for 1925-2020 created a research base to study the spatial and temporal assessment of long-term fluctuations in the annual river flow in the catchment area of the Assa-Talas basin, using the method of hydrological analogy, linear trends, total, difference and ordinary integral curves, based on mathematical statistics. Studies have shown that the trend of changes in the average annual flow of river water in the catchment area of the Assa-Talas basin for the period under consideration 1925-2020 is negative, where changes in the hydrological regime of the river occur symmetrically and sequentially proportionally in the spatio-temporal scale, there are two quasi-homogeneous periods characterizing the transition from natural activities to anthropogenic. An assessment of changes in the water content of rivers in the catchment area of the Assa-Talas basin and the synchronism or asynchrony of its long-term fluctuations, performed on the basis of normalizing the difference integral curves of the modulus coefficients of the average annual water discharge using the method of difference-integral curves, showed that in all hydrological stations from 1925 to 1975 a high-water cycle is observed, and after that, a low-water cycle begins to the present, but with differences in the timing of the onset of phases and the amplitude of cyclic oscillations. At the same time, the quantitative value of the coefficient of variation increases from the mountainous zone towards the southern desert, where the zones of surface runoff are located and the high average annual water flow in all the rivers under consideration is observed in the range from 1.0 to 25.0% of the supply, and then their quantitative value decreases sharply, which is typical for rivers, where atmospheric precipitation, melting snow cover and groundwater are sources of food.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"836 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77548856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring the distribution and development of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) disease in the southern and southeast regions of Kazakhstan","authors":"K. Galymbek, Aigul Kalihozhaevna Madenova, S. Bakirov, Balnur Zhasulanovna Kabylbekova, A. Irkitbay, Zhankeldy Aitymbet, Dinara Iliyaskyzy Kaldybayeva, Raigul Ardakovna Abdikarimova, Bolat Munira","doi":"10.31489/2023bmg2/38-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2023bmg2/38-45","url":null,"abstract":"Apple (Malus domestica) is a very important fruit tree that is widely cultivated in different climatic regions of the world. Scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G.) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) are common fungal diseases in apple orchards. The harmful impact of these disease results in poor fruit size and quality, premature fruit fall, peeling, less fruit bud development in the next year's fruit buds. When the pathogen is present under favorable environmental conditions, disease develops highly, and the crop losses of up to70 %. Phytosanitary monitoring for the spread and development of the scab and powdery mildew pathogen was carried out the main fruit tree-growing regions of Kazakhstan, namely, Almaty, Turkestan and Zhambyl regions apple-growing farms in 2022. Research was conducted on apple orchards on the territory of 14 ha in Almaty region, 288 ha in Turkestan region and 40 ha in Zhambyl region. We carried out a phytopathological assessment of fungal disease for folowing commercial varieties Starkgrimson, Zolotoy presvesov, Aydaret, Americanka, Samured, Gala, Fuji and Golden Delicious grown in these regions. According to the results of the study, there were no symptoms of powdery mildew in Almaty and Zhambyl regions. Furthermore, powdery mildew distribution was 18.05 % in the Aidaret, while its development was at a lower level of 3.06 % in the apple orchards where Tulkibas district of Turkestan region. Scab pathogen is present in all orchards of the studied regions. The pathogen Venturia inaequalis was spread at an average level with 23-31 % in Starkgrimson, Zolotoy presvesov and Aidaret varieties, while its development was at a low level with 1-2.84 % in the Almaty region. The disease distribution is with 30-37 % of orchards where Starcrimson, Golden Delicious and Red Delicious varieties are grown in the Zhambyl region. As well as the development of the disease was 2-4.12 %. In the Turkestan region, in Samured and Starkrimson varieties, scab ditribution was at a low level with 3-3.71 %, while the development of the disease was with 0.50-0.81 %. In Idared and Gala varieties, the disease distribution in the range about 16-17 %, while the development developed at a lower level with 0.13-1.25 %. The Fuji was recognized as resistant variety to scab, for the reason of no disease symptoms.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91286124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytopathogenic fungi of Caragana arborescens Lam., growing in the city Karaganda","authors":"Aigerim Zhanatqyzy Beisembay, A. Ospanova, A. Kali, C. Eken","doi":"10.31489/2023bmg2/22-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2023bmg2/22-27","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the determination of powdery-mildews fungi and rust fungi of shrub plantings growing on the streets, squares and parks of the city of Karaganda. The article presents data on the species composition of phytopathogenic fungi, where the host-plant is the Caragana arborescens Lam., growing in the city of Karaganda. Theoretical and practical information on methods for determining phytopathogenic fungi by fruit bodies, appendages, asci and ascospores has been collected by us. Phytopathogenic fungi are directly dependent on their host-plant, the conditions of development and the duration of the period of vegetation. Timely study of the condition of the plants used for greening the city, identification of diseases, level of their development, distribution, biology in accordance with the climatic conditions of the region is the basis for preventing the spread of these harmful organisms, carrying out effective control measures against them. For the first time in this region, the shrub Caragana arborescens Lam. is a host-plant for such species of phytopathogenic fungi as: powdery-mildews fungi Microsphaera caraganae L., rust fungi Uromyces cytisi J. Schröt.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75729450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of the number of saigas of the Volga-Ural population over the past 40 years and factors affecting it","authors":"Talgat Zaurovich Begilov, Yuriy Aleksandrovich Grachev, B. Yeszhanov","doi":"10.31489/2023bmg2/28-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2023bmg2/28-37","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, on the basis of historical data, literary sources and personal research of the authors, comparing the Volga-Zhaik saiga population with other saiga populations in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the dynamics of the saiga population in the last 40 years related to the economic development of the territories is analyzed, and the nature of anthropogenic, biotic, genetic, environmental factors is considered. During this period of time, the population of saiga suffered mass extinction due to epizootics several times, from the mid-90s of the 20th century to the mid-2000s, the number decreased sharply and decreased to a dangerous level, and this phenomenon was characteristic of all three populations of saiga in Kazakhstan. The saiga has become an endangered species. Thanks to the alarming of international and republican nature protection organizations and the taking of measures aimed at the protection of saiga by the government of the republic, the number of saiga has increased in recent years, especially the Volga-Zhaik population has recovered. The impact of illegal hunting and pasteurellosis epizootics on the sharp decline of the saiga population in the 2000s was analyzed. It is considered that due to the increase in the population of Volga-Zhaik in the last one or two years, saiga is in strong competition with agriculture and mixing with domestic animals (cattle) in pastures creates the possibility of them spreading various diseases to each other. During the 60s and 90s of the 20th century, when saiga was hunted professionally and their numbers were regulated, the number of all three populations of saiga in Kazakhstan remained stable for many years. The increase in the population of Volga-Zhaik saiga indicates the need to regulate their population.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75135346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural aspects in tonsillitis vs normal","authors":"A. Cheșcă, Tim Sandle, G. Abdulina, Pestrea Anamaria","doi":"10.31489/2023bmg2/168-173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2023bmg2/168-173","url":null,"abstract":"The pathology of childhood occurring with increased frequency is tonsillitis. The infection affects both sexes equally, without any association with environmental factors. The symptomatology attracts attention and requires treatment by a specialized medical team. The severity of the symptoms often leads to surgery to remove these formations via a tonsillectomy. An important step in management for tonsillitis understands the microbiological and pathological aspects. After performing microscopic slides, the preparations are examined by performing microscopic analysis. The process of the permanent microscopic preparations was based on prior knowledge of the steps from the classical method, using a standard H&E staining technique. Thediagnosis is established by laboratory methods, namely by the analysis of usual or specific-colored permanent microscopic preparations. This paper demonstrates how histological examination can help to differentiate between healthy and infected specimens. The histopathological examination revealed chronic tonsillitis with reactive follicular hyperplasia in all pathological cases of children, useful to mention that timely histopathological investigation of the underlying tissues of the tonsils helps in the accurate indication of microorganisms that are difficult to cultivate. In this context, the histological examination also helps to differentiate colonization from tissue infiltration.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82487178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genus Rhaponticum in Kazakhstan: species diversity, distribution and prospects for practical use. Review","authors":"S. Mamyrova, Margarita Y Ishmuratova","doi":"10.31489/2023bmg2/85-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2023bmg2/85-93","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents information on the species composition and distribution of plants of the genus Rhaponticum in Kazakhstan based on literary sources and analysis of herbarium materials. The data of more than 300 samples of the herbarium collections were analyzed, including those from the Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Moscow State University, IRPH “Phytochemistry”, the Institute of Biology and Soil of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. More than 30 literary sources were analyzed as well. 6 species of the genus Rhapontiсum were identified within the territory of Kazakhstan, which can be classified according to the following ecological and high-altitude groups. The groups include species growing in the subalpine and alpine meadows of Altai such as Rhaponticum carthamoides (Wiild.) Iljin; plain species such as Rh. Serratuloides (Georgi) Bobr., Rh. Nitidum Fisch.; plants growing on rocky and gravelly slopes of the Western Tien Shan such as Rh. Karatavicum Regel et Shcmalh., Rh. aulieatense Iljin, Rh. namanganicum (Iljin) Dittrich. Medicinal species Rh. carthamoides, Rh. serratuloides and Rh. karatavicum were analyzed to research future prospects of their usage. The perspectives of plants having adaptogenic, psychostimulant, tonic, immunostimulating, anabolic, antibacterial, antioxidant, hemorheological, antiviral, cytotoxic, antiprotozoal properties have been noted and discussed to be used in the medicine, food industry, fodder production, landscape design, beekeeping areas.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82888894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histochemical analysis of the ground part of garden pursuit","authors":"Meruyert I Tleubayeva, Ainur Nurgazievna Omarbaeva","doi":"10.31489/2023bmg2/162-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2023bmg2/162-167","url":null,"abstract":"Histochemical analysis reveals the presence and placement of secondary metabolites in tissues and organs. Portulaca oleracea is used in folk medicine, a widespread annual plant. This article presents results of histochemical analysis of the leaves, flowers and stems of Portulaca oleracea L. The study of the aerial organs of Portulaca oleracea L. by light microscopy in combination with histochemical reactions was performed for the first time. As a result of the carried out histochemical reactions, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, traces of alkaloids, sesquiterpene lactones, inulin, and polysaccharides were found on the cross sections of the leaf, stem and whole flower, and their localization was established. The results of histochemical studies were used to confirm the authenticity, identification and standardization of aboveground parts of Portulaca oleraceae (Portulaca oleracea L.).","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82042274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological variability of Tulipa tarda Stapf in introductory populations of different natural zones","authors":"A. Tolenova, A. Ivashchenko, Alexander Alekseevich Alyokhin, N. N. Alyokhina, T. Orlova, I. V. Popova","doi":"10.31489/2023bmg2/59-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2023bmg2/59-67","url":null,"abstract":"The results of morphological variability of Tulipa tarda Stapf in introductory populations of botanical gardens of three countries – Kazakhstan (Almaty), Kyrgyz Republic (Bishkek) and Ukraine (Kharkov) are considered. Based on long-term observations, it has been proven that it is the most promising representative of wild-growing tulips in Kazakhstan for cultivation in various zones of the Northern Hemisphere. It was revealed that the morphological parameters of generative individuals depend on the geographical location of the area, climatic conditions and soil type. The reliability of the results is confirmed by the fact that the observations were carried out in the same year according to a single method and on a sufficient amount of material for comparison. The most original data were obtained in the botanical garden of Kharkiv University, where three populations of different origin and growing conditions are under observation. In terms of the number of flowers and leaves of generative individuals, the most powerful development was noted in a population with periodic digging of bulbs and stable agrotechnical care. Here, on an abandoned site, the same morphological parameters are similar to those in the collections of Almaty and Bishkek. It has been established that the studied species has a high level of adaptation, successfully naturalizes, forms self-sowing populations on lawns by spontaneous seed drift. It has been proven that temperature, air humidity, amount of precipitation and day length in different growing regions have less effect on the morphology of the species than periodic digging and agrotechnical care.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72864850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New locations of species of the genus Astragalus L. in Kazakhstan","authors":"Yury Vladimirovich Perezhogin, O. V. Borodulina, N. G. Erokhin, S. Kubentayev","doi":"10.31489/2023bmg2/107-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2023bmg2/107-112","url":null,"abstract":"During the revision of the herbarium collections of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SVER) and the Lomonosov Moscow State University (MW), 17 species of the genus Astragalus were identified that had not previously been noted for certain floristic regions (FR) of Kazakhstan: the South Ustyurt FR – 12 species (Astragalus ammophilus, A. ankylotus, A. arcuatus, A. brachypus, A. campylorhynchus, A. commixtus, A. corrugatus, A. filicaulis, A. flexus, A. oxyglottis, A. stalinsky and A. tribuloides), Turgai FR – 3 species (Astragalus ammodytes, A. lehmannianus and A. paucijugus) and Embensky FR – 1 species (Astragalus kustanaicus). These findings significantly expand the existing understanding of the distribution of these species in the flora of Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"237 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77900641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kazakhstan populations of dandelion kok-saghyz (Taraxacum kok-saghyz L.E. Rodin)","authors":"K. Uteulin","doi":"10.31489/2023bmg2/151-161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2023bmg2/151-161","url":null,"abstract":"Dandelion kok-saghyz (Taraxacum kok-saghyz L.E. Rodin) is endemic to the intermountain valleys of the Tien Shan. As a source of high-quality rubber, T. kok-saghyz is generally recognized as a promising crop for cultivation in a temperate climate zone, where the traditional source of rubber is the tropical Hevea tree (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) it doesn't take root. Kazakh populations of T. kok-saghyz have been a source of seeds for domestic and foreign scientific centers, programs and industrial use since 1932, for 90 years. T. kok-saghyz is included in the Red Book of Kazakhstan; measures are needed to protect this rare, endemic species. The purpose of the review. To provide information on the status of Kazakhstan populations of T. kok-saghyz, on proposals for their conservation and use. The main part. For the first time, the data of studies of Kazakhstani populations of T. kok-saghyz of the last century (L.E. Rodin, 1932; A.D. Cherenkovа, 1934; S.Y. Lipshits, 1953; K. Mynbaev, 1946; D.E. Filippov, 1953) and the 21st century (N.M. Mukhitdinov and co-authors, 2015; Jan Kirschner and Peter van Dijk, 2013; K.R. Uteulin, I.O. Baitulin 2017). The presented materials substantiate the expediency of organizing the T. kok-saghyz field genbank in situ. In situ, the T. kok-saghyz field genbank is an implemented technological innovation that ensures the conservation and use of Kazakhstan's T. kok-saghyz genetic resources, a way to protect this rare species included in the Red Book. To obtain T. kok-saghyz seeds, it is not necessary to obtain special permits for access to its in situ coenopopulations. Since the T. kok-saghyz field genbank was created in situ, specifically as a source of elite seeds to replenish Kazakhstani and foreign ex situ genbanks, research, breeding programs and other consumers. Main results, conclusions. The review of the literature and own data on the Kazakh populations of T. kok-saghyz in situ conditions is presented: range, climate, soils, number, age structure of populations, density, morphometric indicators.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89292505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}