International journal of translational medical research and public health最新文献

{"title":"Factors Associated with Utilization of Postnatal Care Services in Mali, West Africa","authors":"B. Ahinkorah, A. Seidu, Eugene Budu, Ebenezer Kwesi Armah-Ansah, E. Agbaglo, C. Adu, E. Ameyaw, S. Yaya","doi":"10.21106/IJTMRPH.318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/IJTMRPH.318","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Postnatal care is recognized as one of the most effective ways of preventing and managing physical and mental disabilities that occur during the postpartum period. Despite the importance of postnatal care, its utilization is low in Mali. The present study investigates factors associated with utilization of postnatal care services in Mali.\u0000Methods: A total of 5,778 women who had complete information on all the variables of interest were included in our study. The data were analyzed with Stata version 14.2 by employing a multilevel logistic regression approach. The results were presented using adjusted odds ratios (aOR) at 95% confidence interval (CI).\u0000Results: We found that 25.18% of childbearing women in Mali utilized postnatal care. Women with no education (aOR=1.28, 95% CI=1.02-1.62) and those with primary level of education (OR=1.38, 95% CI=1.06- 1.81) had higher odds of postnatal care uptake, compared to those with secondary/higher education. On the contrary, postnatal care service utilization was lower among women who were not covered by health insurance (aOR=0.63, 95% CI=0.46-0.88), those who were not working (aOR=0.82, 95% CI=0.70-0.96), and those who were not exposed to mass media (aOR=0.80, 95% CI=0.70-0.93). Similarly, compared to women in the Mopti region, women in all other regions were less likely to utilize postnatal care services. Postnatal care service utilization was lower among women in communities with low educational level (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI=0.27-0.66) and medium socio-economic status (aOR=0.59, 95% CI=0.36-0.99).\u0000Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The study revealed several individual, household and community level factors as predictors of utilization of postnatal care services in Mali. Public health interventions intended to improve postnatal care services uptake in Mali should pay attention to these factors. This will help achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 3.1 which focuses on reducing the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100 000 live births by 2030.\u0000 \u0000Copyright © 2021 Ahinkorah et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43599861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting Among Daughters of Women in Guinea, West Africa","authors":"B. Ahinkorah, E. Ameyaw, A. Seidu, S. Yaya","doi":"10.21106/IJTMRPH.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/IJTMRPH.319","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: In some African countries like Guinea, female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) has been considered as an essential social norm in ensuring girls’ and women’s virginity by reducing their sexual desires. This study aimed at examining the factors associated with FGM/C among daughters of women aged 15-49 in Guinea. Methods: Using the 2018 Guinea Demographic and Health Survey, we analyzed data on 10,721 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who had at least one daughter. A two-level multi-level logistic regression analysis was fitted and the random and fixed effects together with their corresponding 95% credible intervals (95% CrIs) were presented. Results: Women of all age categories had higher odds of having circumcised daughters with the substantially highest odds among those aged 35-39 (aOR=26.10, CrI=11.22-53.94) compared to those aged 15-19. “FGM/C was higher among daughters of circumcised mothers (aOR=5.50, CrI=3.11-9.72), compared to those who were not circumcise. Compared to Muslims, women who were either animists or had no religion were more likely to circumcise their daughters (aOR=2.13, CrI=1.12-4.05). Conversely, women with secondary/higher education, whose partners had secondary/higher education, Christians, women of richest wealth index and those who lived in the Faranah and N’zerekore regions were less likely to circumcise their daughters. Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The current study revealed that individual and contextual factors are associated with FGM/C among daughters of women aged 15-49 in Guinea. The findings imply that eliminating FGM/C in Guinea requires multifaceted interventions such as advocacy and educational strategies like focus group discussions, peer teaching, mentor-mentee programs in regions noted with the FGM/C practice. This will help achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 5.3 which focuses on eliminating all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation by 2030.   Copyright © 2021 Ahinkorah. et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45819643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression among Mothers in Pennsylvania, United States: An Analysis of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) Data, 2012-2015","authors":"N. Luong, Sara Thuma, Angelo Santore, Zhen-qiang Ma, S. Watkins, Erin McCarty","doi":"10.21106/ijtmrph.386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.386","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common morbidity among new mothers. With an estimated 140,000 resident births annually in the state of Pennsylvania, United States, no publication is available about the prevalence and risk factors associated with PPD specifically for Pennsylvania. This study aims to estimate the self-reported prevalence and risk factors associated with PPD. Methods: Weighted Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) surveillance data of 4,022 Pennsylvania mothers with live birth(s) during 2012-2015 were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used for mothers’ characteristics. Between-group differences were evaluated using the Chi-square test. Risk factors associated with PPD were analyzed by logistic regression models. All analyses were performed using Stata version 13 (STATA Corp., College Station, TX), taking into account the complex survey design, and P-values <0.05 (2-tailed) were considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 4,022 mothers, the overall prevalence of PPD was 12.1% (515 mothers); the prevalence was 12.4% (108) in 2012, spiked to 14.8% (156) in 2013, then significantly declined to 10.9% (127) in 2014 and 10.1% (124) in 2015 (p=0.03). In a multivariable logistic model, significant risk factors included depression before pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.7, 95% CI: 2.3-6.0), abuse before or during pregnancy (aOR: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.6-7.3), the mother’s job loss (aOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.3-3.4), extended time away from husband/partner due to military deployment or work-related travel (aOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1-4.5), a husband/partner not wanting the pregnancy (aOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.9), and arguing more than usual with a husband/partner (aOR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.4-2.4). Conclusion and Implication for Translation: PPD is relatively common in Pennsylvania; however, the prevalence declined significantly during the study period. Depression before pregnancy, abuse before or during pregnancy, job loss, extended time away from husband/partner due to military deployment or workrelated travel, husband/partner not wanting the pregnancy, or arguing more than usual with a husband/partner increased the odds of experiencing PPD. Further studies should be conducted on approaches to prevent PPD among new mothers.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67736626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Physical and Mental Health, Mortality, Life Expectancy, and Social Inequalities Among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 1990-2019","authors":"Gopal K. Singh, Shanita D. Williams, Hyunju Lee, Elijah K. Martin, Michelle Allender, Christine T. Ramey","doi":"10.21106/ijtmrph.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.404","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To address the continuing gap in data and research on health and socioeconomic inequities characterizing Native Americans in the United States, this study examines major health and social inequality trends for the American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) populations covering several broad areas, including infant and child health, life expectancy and leading causes of death, physical and mental health, chronic disease prevalence, disability, health-risk behaviors, and health care access and quality. Methods: We used trend data from the 1990-2019 National Vital Statistics System, 2014-2018 National Health Interview Survey, and 2014-2018 American Community Survey to examine health, health care, mortality, and disease patterns for AIANs in relation to other racial/ethnic groups and the general population. Life tables, age-adjusted rates, risk ratios, and logistic regression were used to examine health inequalities. Results: In 2019, life expectancy of AIANs was 76.9 years, 11.3 years shorter than that for Asian/Pacific Islanders. The infant mortality rate for AIANs was 8.7 per 1,000 live births, 79% higher than the rate for non-Hispanic Whites. Risks of infant mortality from birth defects, low birthweight/prematurity, maternal complications, SIDS, and unintentional injury were significantly greater among AIANs compared with non Hispanic Whites. Excess mortality among AIANs, particularly in rural areas, was found for working ages, diabetes, liver cirrhosis, alcohol-related causes, youth suicide, and unintentional injuries. About 18% of AIANs assessed their overall health as fair or poor, at twice the rate of non-Hispanic Whites or the general population. About 10% of AIAN adults experienced serious psychological distress, 2-to-5 times higher than the prevalence for other racial/ethnic groups. AIANs had the highest overall disability, mental and ambulatory disability, health uninsurance, unemployment, and poverty rates in the US, with differences in these indicators varying markedly across the AIAN tribes. Conclusion and Implications for Translation: AIANs remain a disadvantaged segment of the US population in a number of key health indicators and in socioeconomic and living conditions, with poverty rates in some tribal groups approaching or exceeding 40%.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67736653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defragmenting the Health Care System in Mexico: Universal Access For Obstetric Emergencies","authors":"M. G. Ramírez-Rojas, María Graciela Freyermuth-Enciso, M. B. Duarte-Gómez","doi":"10.21106/ijtmrph.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.147","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: This article aims to analyze how the needs of Mexican women requiring emergency obstetric care (EmOC) can be fully met through initiatives such as the General Agreement on Inter-Institutional Collaboration for Emergency Obstetric Care (the Agreement). We compared EmOCaccredited facilities operating under the Agreement with facilities outside the Agreement which, although not accredited, provide their affiliates with EmOC services. \u0000Methods: Based on an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional design, we analyzed the Agreement interinstitutional strategy within four different scenarios in order to verify whether Mexico was in compliance with United Nations (UN) recommendations on EmOC availability: five facilities, with at least one offering comprehensive services, per 500,000 inhabitants. \u0000Results: Taking into account all facilities in the Mexican health care system, we found that Mexico offered 75% of the required facilities and was therefore 25% short of compliance. According to data on hospital discharges, 734 438 cases of obstetric emergencies (OEs) were registered in Mexico in 2013, the vast majority of which were assisted by facilities unaccredited for that function. Meanwhile, the 466 accredited facilities, all operating under the Agreement, served a negligible proportion (0.07%) of these patients. \u0000Conclusion and Implications For Translation: The Agreement would undoubtedly reach its potential as a vehicle for universal EmOC coverage were its field of action not restricted to such a small number of services for women. The Mexican health care system is faced with the double challenge of increasing institutional coverage and upgrading installed EmOC infrastructure. \u0000Key words: • Medical emergency services • Mexico, Medical assistance • Hospitalization • Health regulation • Agreements. \u0000  \u0000Copyright © 2020 Ramírez-Rojas et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work which is published in this journal is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45184095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan","authors":"N. Ilyas, R. Azuine, A. Tamiz","doi":"10.21106/ijtmrph.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.139","url":null,"abstract":"Since February 26, 2020, when coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic emerged in Karachi City and rapidly spread throughout Pakistan, the disease has affected more than 6200 people and more than 111 deaths have been reported till April 15. If we compare the disasters of COVID-19 in Pakistan with other countries like China, Iran and European Union nations, so many questions arise. We have so many challenges in controlling this pandemic like the geopolitics of country, poverty, low literacy rate, environmental conditions, hygienic conditions, and food intake habits. In all these aspects, there are poor conditions but the outbreak of COVID-19 in Pakistan was slower than other developing countries. Pakistan’s humid condition, hot weather, early response to COVID-19, population immune system, BCG vaccination and the number of young people favors to attenuate the impact of COVID-19. In this paper, we discuss the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in China, Iran and Pakistan and share day-by-day developments in this pandemic. We present the structure of COVID-19 and its similarity with SARSCOV and SARS-COV2. We also discuss the treatment procedure like use of Remdesivir (an adenosine similarity) used against RNA viruses, Chloroquine (extensively used anti-malarial drug), convalescent plasma, neutralizing antibody targeting the ACE-2 receptor and ACE-2-like molecule that might bind to the S protein of the coronavirus and disadvantages of the discussed medications. The impact of COVID-19 in the economics of Pakistan and government reliefs are also discussed. \u0000Key words: • Coronavirus • COVID-19 • Pakistan • Pandemic • Outbreak \u0000  \u0000Copyright © 2020 Ilyas et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46871056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book of Abstracts: 4th International Congress on Health Sciences and Technology Organized by the School of Health Technology, Federal University of Technology (FUTO), Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, 7-9 August, 2019","authors":"Adebola Emmanuel Orimadegun, Adeyem E. Faloye, A. Okafor, A. T. Banigo, A. U. Ezirim, Anya Chukwu, Augusta C. Declan, Blessing A. R. Usman, C. G. Aghanwa, C. J. Obodo, Carol Talla, Chidinma P. Ogbonna, Chinonso I. Anozie, Chioma C. Okey-mbata, C. Eke, Chris Tinsley, Christian U. Ugwuda, C. S. Oyamienlen, C. Okeke, Clifford T. Onyema, Cyrilgentle U. Okorocha, D. Amadi, D. Izunwanne, Dowell O. Mbanu-Jackson, Ebere Ibe, Ejike Ozioko, Emmanuel Nwanya, Emmanuel T. Chibuike, E. Oparaocha, F. M. Arukalam, Folashade A.T. Ogunusi, Francis Alimigbe, Fredrick Whezum, G. O. Obokon, Geraldine C. Okafor, G. I. Ndubuka, G. C. Uloneme, Goodness A. Orji, Goodness N. Orji, G. Iwuoha, Ifeoma V. Meribe, I. Dozie, J. Ekezie, J. Onah, J. Udensi, Kennedy O. Ejeta, K. I. Nkuma-Udah, Kingsley U. Obasi, Maris A. Omeaku, M. Uloko, M. O. Echeta, Michael V. O. Okafor, Motunrayo E. Adegboye, N. Abu-Lail, Okafor Sixtus, O. C. Udoka, Okereke K. Igwe, O. Ogunkunle, O. Olowolafe, Oluwatosin Ojo, Onwuchekwa Chukwudi, Onyekachi C. Ujowundu,","doi":"10.21106/ijtmrph.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.104","url":null,"abstract":"Copyright © 2019 The Authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49283816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polio Eradication in Nigeria and India: A Systematic Review of Challenges and Successes","authors":"A. Bulama, Jane Goodman-Brown","doi":"10.21106/IJTMRPH.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/IJTMRPH.92","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The global eradication of polio is considered an emergency and an unaccomplished task until completely eliminated. Vaccinating children against the polio virus confers immunity on them and breaks the transmission of the polio virus. Afghanistan, Nigeria and Pakistan remain the only three countries in the world that have not eliminated polio. The aims of this paper were to: (1) to identify the factors that impact the failure to eliminate polio from Nigeria and (2) determine the factors that led to the successful elimination of polio from India. \u0000Methodology: A systematic literature review was carried out to meet the above research objectives. \u0000Methods: Four electronic databases were searched (Cochrane Library, Medline, PubMed and Google Scholar) and articles that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected and critically appraised. \u0000Results: In all, 98 articles were retrieved. After selection based on our selection criteria, fourteen studies were identified and included in the study. These were 5 systematic reviews: 3 cross-sectional studies, 3 mixed methods studies, 2 case-control studies and one quantitative (survey) study. In all, seven themes were identified from the review of the articles. Four themes were identified from the factors associated with the failure to eliminate polio from Nigeria: (1) Failure of the oral polio vaccine (OPV); (2) Institutional and geographical failures in vaccine programs; (3) Program and campaign management limitations; and (4) Vaccine refusal. Similarly, three themes were identified from the factors that contributed to the elimination of polio from India: (1) Replacement of the trivalent OPV with the monovalent and bivalent OPVs; (2) Implementation of intensive social mobilization strategies; and (3) Effective program micro planning and campaign management. \u0000Conclusion: Based on the findings from the literature review, we highlight areas where Nigeria can learn from India in its quest to eliminate polio. These factors can form the basis for future theoretical and policy reforms in the fight against polio not only in Nigeria but in countries where it remains endemic. Further research should compare the success of polio eradication in other countries. \u0000Key words: • Polio • Immunization • Nigeria • India • Pakistan • Eradication • Systematic review \u0000  \u0000Copyright © 2019 Bulama and Goodman-Brown. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45277556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality and Safety Management of Health Care Service Delivery among Public Hospitals in Rwanda: a Cross-Sectional Survey","authors":"Deogratias Ndagijimana, Connie Mureithi, Nicholas Njau Ngomi","doi":"10.21106/ijtmrph.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.81","url":null,"abstract":"Background or Objectives: Quality and safety of health care service delivery remain a challenge worldwide due to unsafe care, inappropriate practices, adverse events and medication errors that result in harm, disability and death of patients. This study examines the status of quality and safety management of health care service delivery in public hospitals in Rwanda. \u0000Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Overall population of interest comprised of 564 hospital managers from 47 hospitals. An online email-based questionnaire was used for data collection. Statistical analysis included bivariate, multivariable, and logistic regression analyses with significance at p<0.05. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for social Sciences (SPSS) Software v.21. \u0000Results: The study sample population was 235 managers (5 persons from each hospital). Of the 235 responses received, 72.3% were from male managers and 27.7% were from female managers. The prevalence of adverse events among public hospitals in Rwanda is 0.007% (p=0.02, 95% CI: 0.017-0.023) with risk of incidents of 0.073%. In all, 98.7% of public hospitals reported incidents, and only 39.3% of them have regularly reported all types of incidents. The most common incidents were adverse drug event (25.3%), loss to follow-up/referrals (25%), and surgical site infection (20%). Rwanda has 0.043 (IQR: 0.032-0.060) doctors per 1,000 population. The country also has 0.25 (IQR: 0.18-0.33) nurses per 1,000 population. The 76.5% of respondents reported that variation of consultation time is between 10-15 minutes (p=0.003, 95% CI: 0.002-0.004) which is associated with 0.12% risk of incidents. The public hospitals have on average 44.25 ± 13.46 SD consultations per clinician per day. More than a half of respondents 54.3% (p=0.033, 95%CI: 0.029- 0.036) reported that 10-20% of treatment given to patients were not needed and are significantly associated with high risk of incidents. The public hospitals score Level 1(documentation) (p=0.016, 95%CI: 0.014-0.019) for quality health care services delivery and, over half score Level 2(implementation). They also score Level 1(documentation) (p: 0.209, 95%CI: 0.201-0.216) for safe health care, and approximately half of them score Level 2(implementation). \u0000Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The quality and safety of health care services should be a priority for health care professionals and healthcare systems. The culture of blame and punishment is a challenge across hospitals. Reassuring adverse events reporting and learning from errors need to be emphasized and prioritized in public hospitals. \u0000Key words: • Quality and Safety Management • Health Care Service Delivery • Rwanda • Quality and Safety Score levels \u0000  \u0000Copyright © 2019 Ndagijimana et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided th","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67736744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Mental and Emotional Well-being among International Students in the United States","authors":"Mehrete Girmay, Gopal K Singh","doi":"10.21106/IJTMRPH.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/IJTMRPH.82","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Loneliness and social isolation have the ability to affect an individual's mental and physical health. With research linking both to morbidity and premature mortality, their effects must be viewed as important public health problems. Loneliness and social isolation can be especially pronounced in the international student community, particularly at the university level, as this population encounters challenges assimilating to their host university, surrounding community, and host country. This study explores the risks and sociocultural factors associated with loneliness, social isolation, and psychological distress with regards to the overall adjustment of international students. \u0000Methods: In this qualitative, narrative case study, 10 international graduate students at a university in the United States participated in two focus group sessions followed by individual interviews. Thematic areas and topics were identified using Barrer's three models of social support. Study was completed between December 2016 and September 2017. \u0000Results: All of the participants shared that they had experienced loneliness and social isolation at some point during their acculturative process resulting in perceived xenophobia and a sense of insincerity on behalf of domestic students when attempting to forge connections. For some, these experiences elicited feelings of depression, a disinterest in building connections with domestic students, and in attending social events held on campus and within the community, further exacerbating feelings of loneliness and social isolation. \u0000Conclusions and Implications for Translation: Results shed light on the impact that poor acculturation can have on the student's mental and physical health and how bridges between the international and non-international communities can be built and more importantly, sustained. There is a critical need for more effort to be focused on attending to both the mental and physical health needs of migrant students during their stay at the host university. \u0000Key words: • Acculturation • Social Isolation • Loneliness • Mental Health • International •  Student \u0000  \u0000Copyright © 2019 Girmay and Singh. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com- mons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":"49 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41300855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}