International journal of translational medical research and public health最新文献

{"title":"Marked Disparities in COVID-19 Prevalence by Racial/Ethnic, Socioeconomic, Geographic, and Health Care Characteristics, United States, January – April, 2021","authors":"Gopal K. Singh, Hyunjung Lee","doi":"10.21106/IJTMRPH.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/IJTMRPH.345","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Since the start of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in March 2020, racial/ethnic minorities and socially-disadvantaged populations in the United States (US) have experienced disproportionately higher rates of COVID-19 incidence, mortality and hospitalization. However, the extent of disparities in the prevalence of COVID-19 diagnosis have not been well-documented. Using nationally representative data, this study examines racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and geographic inequalities in COVID-19 prevalence among US adults aged ≥18 years. Methods: Using the Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey from January 6-April 26, 2021 (N=521,203), social inequalities in COVID-19 prevalence were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results: During January-April 2021, 34.7 million or 14.2% of US adults reported ever being diagnosed with COVID-19. Those aged 18-24 and 45-54 were two times more likely to be diagnosed with COVID-19 than those aged ≥75. Disease prevalence ranged from 10.0% for Asians to 14.2% for Black/African Americans and 23.0% for Hispanics. Controlling for covariates, non-Hispanic Whites, Black/African Americans, and Hispanics had, respectively, 23%, 31%, and 134% higher odds of being diagnosed with COVID-19 than Asians. Educational gradients were marked; adults with less than a high school education had twice the prevalence of COVID-19 than those with a graduate degree (19.0% vs. 9.4%). Controlling for covariates, those with less than high school and high school education had, respectively, 66% and 48% higher odds of being diagnosed with COVID-19 than those with a graduate degree. Those experiencing job/income losses during the pandemic had a significantly increased risk of COVID-19 diagnosis, adjusting for other factors. Prevalence of COVID-19 ranged from a low of 7.4% in Seattle-Tacoma Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) to a high of 30.0% in Riverside-San Bernardino MSA. Conclusions and Implications for Translational Research: Black/African Americans, Hispanics, NonHispanic Whites, socially-disadvantaged adults, and those living in Riverside-San Bernardino, Phoenix, Dallas-Fort Worth, and Los Angeles-Long Beach MSAs had substantially higher likelihood of being diagnosed with COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42793833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accessibility to Gender-based Violence Health Services for Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Tanzania","authors":"Caroline Mtaita, S. Likindikoki, Shishira Mnjokava, Gaspar Mbita, Elvis Safary, Dawud Hilliard, A. Jahn","doi":"10.21106/IJTMRPH.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/IJTMRPH.234","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48569680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic: Face Mask Mandates, Hospitalization, and Infection Rates in the United States","authors":"Elizabeth Armstrong-Mensah, Ato Kwamena Tetteh, G. Tetteh","doi":"10.21106/ijtmrph.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.365","url":null,"abstract":"Face masks have been identified as one of the preventive methods for the control of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Although the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend the universal use of face masks, there are controversies in the implementation of a national face mask mandate in the US. This commentary discusses the relationship between facemask mandates and key COVID-19 indicators such as infection rates and hospitalization rates in the US. It also summarizes some of the political issues surrounding the implementation of the national face mask mandate. We conducted an ecological study on the relationship between face mask mandates and key COVID-19 indicators. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar and reviewed 150 English articles related to face mask challenges in the US published from 2005 to 2021. We identified seven challenges associated with face mask wearing - conflicting messaging, individualism, denial, health consequences, lack of a national masking standard, concerns of African American males, and environmental issues. We found that North Dakota, a state without a face mask mandate had the highest COVID-19 prevalence of 13.3%. The mean prevalence for the highest top 10 ranked states without and with a face mask mandate was 11.1% and 10.5%, respectively. We also found that Florida, Arizona and Georgia, states without a face mask mandates, had the highest cumulative hospitalizations of 83,381, 58,670, and 57,911 hospitalizations, respectively. Alabama, Indiana, and Minnesota, which have face mask mandates, had the lowest hospitalization rates of 47,090, 47,787, and 26,651, respectively.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41608196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing Trends in Physical and Mental Health Problems among US Workers in Different Job Sectors During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Gopal K Singh, Hyunjung Lee, R. Azuine","doi":"10.21106/IJTMRPH.351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/IJTMRPH.351","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial adverse impact on workers’ employment and physical and mental health. However, job losses, job-related household income shocks, and their related physical and mental health problems have not been well-documented. Using temporal, nationally representative data, this study examines inequalities in job-related income losses and their resultant health impact among US workers aged 18-64 years in different job sectors during the pandemic.\u0000Methods: Using April, August, and December 2020 rounds of the US Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey (N=56,156, 82,173, and 51,500), job-related income losses among workers in various job sectors and associated impacts on self-assessed health, depression, anxiety, worry, and lack of interest were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression.\u0000Results: In December 2020, 64.0% of self-employed and 66.3% of unemployed adults reported that they or someone in their household experienced a loss of employment income since the start of the pandemic in March 2020. This percentage was the lowest for the public sector (35.2%) and non-profit-sector (45.0%) workers. Job/income losses increased by 26% between April and December for workers in the private and non-profit sectors. Prevalence of fair/poor overall health, serious depression, serious anxiety, serious worry, and serious lack of interest increased substantially during the pandemic for workers in all sectors, with the self-employed, those in the family business, and the unemployed experiencing the highest risk and those in the government/public and non-profit sectors experiencing the lowest risk of poor physical and mental health. Workers in all sectors reporting job-related income losses experienced approximately 2-to-4-fold higher odds of poor overall health, serious depression, serious anxiety, serious worry, and serious lack of interest, compared to public-sector workers with no job/income losses, controlling for covariates.\u0000Conclusion and Implications for Translation: Job-related income losses and prevalence of poor overall health and mental health among workers in all sectors increased markedly during the pandemic, with the self-employed, family business, and unemployed workers being especially vulnerable to poor health, depression, anxiety, and stress.\u0000 \u0000Copyright © 2021 Singh, et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49151786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Early Vaccination Rates and Gross Domestic Product Per Capita","authors":"Deepa Dongarwar, Brisa, Sitratullah, Korede, Hamisu","doi":"10.21106/IJTMRPH.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/IJTMRPH.329","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease – 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is a crucial part of a multi-faceted public health response, and possibly, the best hope for ending the pandemic. In this ecological study, we examined the relationship between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and early vaccination rates across the world. Spearman’s correlation analysis was utilized to assess the strength and direction of the relationship between countries’ COVID-19 vaccination rates and GDP per capita. We observed that countries with high vaccination rates had higher GDP per capita (Spearman’s ƍ=0.35, p-value=0.01). Our study provides valuable insight into the association of GDP per capita and the early distribution of the COVID-19 vaccination.\u0000 \u0000Copyright © 2021 Dongarwar et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46787655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV in Primary Health Care Centers","authors":"J. Markson","doi":"10.21106/IJTMRPH.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/IJTMRPH.144","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Early diagnosis of HIV to identify infected children for early therapy is aimed at preventing high mortalities associated with child HIV infection. Early infant diagnosis (EID) intervention occurs across the three tiers of the Nigerian health care delivery system, including the primary health care centers (PHC). This study evaluates the implementation of early infant diagnosis of HIV in PHCs in a southern state of Nigeria.\u0000Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that took place between September and November 2019. Primary data were obtained from an interviewer-administered questionnaire on 120 health workers in six Local Government Areas (LGA) that were selected through a multi-stage, random sampling method. Secondary data were from the records of program implementation at the state headquarters of Ministry of Health and the PHCs.\u0000Results: A total of 116 (96.6%) health workers were interviewed; 17.2% were males, and 82.8% were females. More than two-thirds of respondents were aged between 41 and 60 years and 84.5% of them had worked in the PHC system for 11 years and above. Rural or urban location of the PHC, educational level of the health workers, and years of service in the PHC system did not have any significant effect on implementation of EID program in the health facilities. Implementation of EID program was ineffective in both rural and urban PHCs of Akwa Ibom state with the p-value of 0.337. In multiple regression analysis, access to EID program and provision of adequate supplies significantly affected implementation of the program with p = 0.001 and p = 0.000 respectively.\u0000Conclusion and Implication for Translation: The study indicates general ineffectiveness in the implementation of EID in a Southern State of Nigeria. There is need to improve access to EID services and provide needed supplies if the state, and by extension Nigeria, hopes to meet the target of joining the global community in ending HIV by 2030.\u0000 \u0000Copyright © 2021 Markson. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43395753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccination Rates by Global Universal Health Care Coverage Status","authors":"Deepa Dongarwar, Hamisu M. Salihu","doi":"10.21106/IJTMRPH.328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/IJTMRPH.328","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare coverage and the type of insurance have always played huge roles in public health outcomes. With coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination now available across the world, we sought to determine vaccination rates across countries with Universal Health Care (UHC) coverage versus those without. We utilized the vaccination information from the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccinations website, and calculated early vaccination rate for each country as of January, 13, 2021 by dividing the total number of vaccinations given to the total population of the country. We observed that the average early vaccination rate for countries with UHC was 1.55%, whereas that for countries without UHC was 0.51%. Countries with UHC are performing much better than those without UHC in this initial race for providing herd immunity across the globe.\u0000 \u0000Copyright © 2021 Dongarwar and Salihu. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47178973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Utilization of Postnatal Care Services in Mali, West Africa","authors":"B. Ahinkorah, A. Seidu, Eugene Budu, Ebenezer Kwesi Armah-Ansah, E. Agbaglo, C. Adu, E. Ameyaw, S. Yaya","doi":"10.21106/IJTMRPH.318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/IJTMRPH.318","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Postnatal care is recognized as one of the most effective ways of preventing and managing physical and mental disabilities that occur during the postpartum period. Despite the importance of postnatal care, its utilization is low in Mali. The present study investigates factors associated with utilization of postnatal care services in Mali.\u0000Methods: A total of 5,778 women who had complete information on all the variables of interest were included in our study. The data were analyzed with Stata version 14.2 by employing a multilevel logistic regression approach. The results were presented using adjusted odds ratios (aOR) at 95% confidence interval (CI).\u0000Results: We found that 25.18% of childbearing women in Mali utilized postnatal care. Women with no education (aOR=1.28, 95% CI=1.02-1.62) and those with primary level of education (OR=1.38, 95% CI=1.06- 1.81) had higher odds of postnatal care uptake, compared to those with secondary/higher education. On the contrary, postnatal care service utilization was lower among women who were not covered by health insurance (aOR=0.63, 95% CI=0.46-0.88), those who were not working (aOR=0.82, 95% CI=0.70-0.96), and those who were not exposed to mass media (aOR=0.80, 95% CI=0.70-0.93). Similarly, compared to women in the Mopti region, women in all other regions were less likely to utilize postnatal care services. Postnatal care service utilization was lower among women in communities with low educational level (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI=0.27-0.66) and medium socio-economic status (aOR=0.59, 95% CI=0.36-0.99).\u0000Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The study revealed several individual, household and community level factors as predictors of utilization of postnatal care services in Mali. Public health interventions intended to improve postnatal care services uptake in Mali should pay attention to these factors. This will help achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 3.1 which focuses on reducing the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100 000 live births by 2030.\u0000 \u0000Copyright © 2021 Ahinkorah et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43599861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting Among Daughters of Women in Guinea, West Africa","authors":"B. Ahinkorah, E. Ameyaw, A. Seidu, S. Yaya","doi":"10.21106/IJTMRPH.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/IJTMRPH.319","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: In some African countries like Guinea, female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) has been considered as an essential social norm in ensuring girls’ and women’s virginity by reducing their sexual desires. This study aimed at examining the factors associated with FGM/C among daughters of women aged 15-49 in Guinea. Methods: Using the 2018 Guinea Demographic and Health Survey, we analyzed data on 10,721 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who had at least one daughter. A two-level multi-level logistic regression analysis was fitted and the random and fixed effects together with their corresponding 95% credible intervals (95% CrIs) were presented. Results: Women of all age categories had higher odds of having circumcised daughters with the substantially highest odds among those aged 35-39 (aOR=26.10, CrI=11.22-53.94) compared to those aged 15-19. “FGM/C was higher among daughters of circumcised mothers (aOR=5.50, CrI=3.11-9.72), compared to those who were not circumcise. Compared to Muslims, women who were either animists or had no religion were more likely to circumcise their daughters (aOR=2.13, CrI=1.12-4.05). Conversely, women with secondary/higher education, whose partners had secondary/higher education, Christians, women of richest wealth index and those who lived in the Faranah and N’zerekore regions were less likely to circumcise their daughters. Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The current study revealed that individual and contextual factors are associated with FGM/C among daughters of women aged 15-49 in Guinea. The findings imply that eliminating FGM/C in Guinea requires multifaceted interventions such as advocacy and educational strategies like focus group discussions, peer teaching, mentor-mentee programs in regions noted with the FGM/C practice. This will help achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 5.3 which focuses on eliminating all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation by 2030.   Copyright © 2021 Ahinkorah. et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45819643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression among Mothers in Pennsylvania, United States: An Analysis of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) Data, 2012-2015","authors":"N. Luong, Sara Thuma, Angelo Santore, Zhen-qiang Ma, S. Watkins, Erin McCarty","doi":"10.21106/ijtmrph.386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.386","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common morbidity among new mothers. With an estimated 140,000 resident births annually in the state of Pennsylvania, United States, no publication is available about the prevalence and risk factors associated with PPD specifically for Pennsylvania. This study aims to estimate the self-reported prevalence and risk factors associated with PPD. Methods: Weighted Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) surveillance data of 4,022 Pennsylvania mothers with live birth(s) during 2012-2015 were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used for mothers’ characteristics. Between-group differences were evaluated using the Chi-square test. Risk factors associated with PPD were analyzed by logistic regression models. All analyses were performed using Stata version 13 (STATA Corp., College Station, TX), taking into account the complex survey design, and P-values <0.05 (2-tailed) were considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 4,022 mothers, the overall prevalence of PPD was 12.1% (515 mothers); the prevalence was 12.4% (108) in 2012, spiked to 14.8% (156) in 2013, then significantly declined to 10.9% (127) in 2014 and 10.1% (124) in 2015 (p=0.03). In a multivariable logistic model, significant risk factors included depression before pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.7, 95% CI: 2.3-6.0), abuse before or during pregnancy (aOR: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.6-7.3), the mother’s job loss (aOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.3-3.4), extended time away from husband/partner due to military deployment or work-related travel (aOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1-4.5), a husband/partner not wanting the pregnancy (aOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.9), and arguing more than usual with a husband/partner (aOR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.4-2.4). Conclusion and Implication for Translation: PPD is relatively common in Pennsylvania; however, the prevalence declined significantly during the study period. Depression before pregnancy, abuse before or during pregnancy, job loss, extended time away from husband/partner due to military deployment or workrelated travel, husband/partner not wanting the pregnancy, or arguing more than usual with a husband/partner increased the odds of experiencing PPD. Further studies should be conducted on approaches to prevent PPD among new mothers.","PeriodicalId":93768,"journal":{"name":"International journal of translational medical research and public health","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67736626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}