Hemato Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.3390/hemato4020012

Karan L. Chohan, P. Kapoor

{"title":"BTK Inhibitors and Other Targeted Therapies in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia","authors":"Karan L. Chohan, P. Kapoor","doi":"10.3390/hemato4020012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hemato4020012","url":null,"abstract":"Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare, non-Hodgkin lymphoma that remains incurable. Rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody has been the cornerstone of treatment against WM, and its combination with an alkylator, bendamustine, achieves durable remission in treatment-naive patients with symptomatic WM. However, novel “druggable” targets that have been identified within the clonal lymphoplasmacytic cells in WM have resulted in a rapid development of targeted therapies in both the frontline and relapsed and refractory (R/R) settings. Several agents directed against the known targets have shown promising efficacy, with mostly manageable toxicities. The class of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors has transformed the therapeutic landscape for patients with WM, given their convenient oral dosing and strong efficacy, with high rates of attainment of very good partial response (VGPR). The tolerability of the next-generation BTK inhibitors appears to be superior to that of the first-in-class agent, ibrutinib. Targeted therapies from other classes have also demonstrated efficacy in both single-agent and combination regimens. Inhibitors of proteasome BCL-2, mTOR and PI-3 kinase have demonstrated efficacy in WM. Emerging therapies under investigation will continue to further shape the management paradigm, especially in the R/R setting. These include bispecific antibodies, radiotherapeutic agents and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) cell therapies. This review outlines the current literature and future direction of targeted therapies in WM.","PeriodicalId":93705,"journal":{"name":"Hemato","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48751532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

What’s New in the Classification, Diagnosis and Therapy of Myeloid Leukemias 髓细胞白血病的分类、诊断和治疗的新进展

Hemato Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.3390/hemato4020011

M. Pizzi, C. Gurrieri, A. Orazi

引用次数: 0

Temporal Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Infection Pattern in Patients Admitted with Hematological Diseases—A Single Center Experience from North India 血液病患者严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型感染模式的时间变化——来自北印度的单中心经验

Hemato Pub Date : 2023-03-14 DOI: 10.3390/hemato4010010

Rohan Halder, D. Talaulikar, Reema Singh, Nidhi Menon, Bhaarat Folbs, P. Mehta, Jyotsna Kapoor, Vishvdeep Khushoo, Megha Verma, N. Bansal, Narendra Agrawal, Rayaz Ahmed, D. Bhurani

{"title":"Temporal Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Infection Pattern in Patients Admitted with Hematological Diseases—A Single Center Experience from North India","authors":"Rohan Halder, D. Talaulikar, Reema Singh, Nidhi Menon, Bhaarat Folbs, P. Mehta, Jyotsna Kapoor, Vishvdeep Khushoo, Megha Verma, N. Bansal, Narendra Agrawal, Rayaz Ahmed, D. Bhurani","doi":"10.3390/hemato4010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hemato4010010","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have shown the vulnerability of hematological patients with the Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to compare the outcomes and risk factors for poor survival in patients with hematological conditions hospitalized with COVID-19 infection. Single centre, retrospective, cohort study included all patients with a hematological condition admitted to Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, New Delhi, India between 1 April 2020 and 31 May 2021. Of a total of 154 patients, 81 were in the pre-delta group and 73 were in the delta group out of which 21 (25.97%) in the pre-delta group and 24 (33.88%) patients in the delta group died. Haematological characteristics—age > 60 years, progressive hematological cancer, more than two lines of anti-cancer therapy, and active chemo-immunotherapy or targeted therapy were associated with higher mortality in the delta group. COVID-19 characteristics associated with higher mortality during the delta wave were severity of COVID infection, higher oxygen requirements, and COVID plasma therapy There were no deaths in individuals (n = 15) within the delta group who received COVID-19 vaccination. This study adds to the evidence that patients with hematological diseases are a particularly vulnerable group and the delta variant of the virus is associated with higher mortality. We could identify patient characteristics and features related to COVID-19 infection and underlying hematological conditions that were associated with poor outcomes in the delta sub-group. Vaccination was found to be an effective strategy for overcoming mortality and morbidity in these patients.","PeriodicalId":93705,"journal":{"name":"Hemato","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48768860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scanning Electron and Atomic Force Microscopic Analysis of Erythrocytes in a Cohort of Atopic Asthma Patients—A Pilot Study 特应性哮喘患者红细胞的扫描电子和原子力显微镜分析-一项初步研究

Hemato Pub Date : 2023-03-14 DOI: 10.3390/hemato4010009

S. Alummoottil, M. van Rooy, J. Bester, C. Grobbelaar, A. Phulukdaree

{"title":"Scanning Electron and Atomic Force Microscopic Analysis of Erythrocytes in a Cohort of Atopic Asthma Patients—A Pilot Study","authors":"S. Alummoottil, M. van Rooy, J. Bester, C. Grobbelaar, A. Phulukdaree","doi":"10.3390/hemato4010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hemato4010009","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Non-communicable diseases are often associated with chronic inflammation, placing patients suffering from these conditions at a higher risk of thrombosis and other complications. The pathophysiology of asthma and/or atopic asthma is also linked to chronic inflammation, which consequently may alter blood parameters including erythrocyte structure and function. Methodology: The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in erythrocytes between patients with atopic asthma (n = 30) and healthy individuals (n = 30) by evaluating routine haematological parameters; structures and axial ratios of erythrocytes using light microscopy; erythrocyte membrane elasticity using atomic force microscopy; and erythrocyte ultrastructure using scanning electron microscopy. Results: The haematological findings of healthy participants and patients suffering from asthma were within normal clinical ranges together with significantly higher levels of circulating monocytes (p = 0.0066), erythrocytes (p = 0.0004), haemoglobin (p = 0.0057), and haematocrit (p = 0.0049) in asthma patients. The analysis of eosin-stained erythrocytes by light microscopy showed more echinocytes, acanthocytes, and ovalocytes compared to controls and a significant difference in axial ratios (p < 0.0001). Atomic force microscopy findings showed reduced erythrocyte membrane elasticity in asthmatic erythrocytes (p = 0.001). Ultrastructural differences in erythrocytes were visible in the asthma group compared to controls. Conclusion: Altered erythrocyte ultrastructural morphology and a significant change in the haematological profile are evident in atopic asthma and may influence common complications associated with asthma. The impact of these changes on the physiological mechanisms of coagulation and the pathophysiology of asthma needs to be further elucidated.","PeriodicalId":93705,"journal":{"name":"Hemato","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45172453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Quantitative PCR for the Diagnosis of HCMV Pneumonia in HSCT Recipients and Other Immunocompromised Hosts 定量PCR在HSCT受体和其他免疫受损宿主HCMV肺炎诊断中的应用

Hemato Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.3390/hemato4010008

C. Berengua, R. Martino

{"title":"Quantitative PCR for the Diagnosis of HCMV Pneumonia in HSCT Recipients and Other Immunocompromised Hosts","authors":"C. Berengua, R. Martino","doi":"10.3390/hemato4010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hemato4010008","url":null,"abstract":"Pneumonia is among the most serious manifestations of HCMV infection, with high morbidity and mortality. Probable pneumonia is defined as the detection of HCMV in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) by viral isolation or DNA quantification (qPCR) combined with symptoms and/or signs of respiratory infection. However, currently, there is no reproducible and well-defined viral load (VL) from BAL that can reliably differentiate patients with pneumonia from the much more common detection of viral DNA in seropositive patients without true HCMV pneumonia. Several studies have been published with the aim of establishing an optimal VL for differentiating pneumonia from viral lung shedding. The aim of this review is to collect and analyze the methodology and the conclusions obtained in studies whose objectives included the correlation between HCMV VL in BAL and/or the plasma and the occurrence of HCMV pneumonia. For this purpose, a total of 14 articles have been included. There are some conclusions on which they all agree. PCR techniques were more sensitive and had a higher NPV than culture techniques but were less specific and had a low PPV. The mean HCMV loads in both BAL and the plasma were significantly higher in patients with pneumonitis than in those without. The HCMV load in patients with pneumonitis was higher in BAL than in the plasma, making qPCR in BAL a better predictor of HCMV pneumonitis than in the plasma. Nevertheless, this review highlights the difficulty of establishing a universal VL value, both in BAL and in the blood, to differentiate patients with HCMV pneumonia from those without. To complete the information available in these studies, prospective multicentre studies would be required. Methodologically, a large number of patients with HCMV pneumonitis would have to be included, and a subclassification of the type of immunosuppression of each patient should be made in order to obtain an optimal VL threshold in different host groups.","PeriodicalId":93705,"journal":{"name":"Hemato","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41950853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cardiotoxicity of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Philadelphia-Positive Leukemia Patients 酪氨酸激酶抑制剂对费城阳性白血病患者的心脏毒性

Hemato Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.3390/hemato4010007

Adriatik Berisha, A. Placci, P. Piccaluga

引用次数: 0

Palifermin Compared to Supersaturated Calcium Phosphate Rinse in Prevention of Severe Oral Mucositis after Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients Receiving Radiotherapy-Based Myeloablative Conditioning 帕利费明与过饱和磷酸钙冲洗液预防接受放射治疗的骨髓清除条件患者干细胞移植后严重口腔粘膜炎的比较

Hemato Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.3390/hemato4010006

Tarik Hadid, A. Al-Katib, J. Binongo, Gina Berteotti, Salman Fazal, J. Rossetti, J. Lister

{"title":"Palifermin Compared to Supersaturated Calcium Phosphate Rinse in Prevention of Severe Oral Mucositis after Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients Receiving Radiotherapy-Based Myeloablative Conditioning","authors":"Tarik Hadid, A. Al-Katib, J. Binongo, Gina Berteotti, Salman Fazal, J. Rossetti, J. Lister","doi":"10.3390/hemato4010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hemato4010006","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Oral mucositis (OM) is a common, debilitating complication of conditioning regimens for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Supersaturated calcium phosphate rinse (SCPR) and palifermin have shown efficacy in preventing severe OM. However, whether their efficacy differs is unknown. We aimed to compare the efficacy of SCPR and palifermin in HSCT patients receiving myeloablative conditioning. Methods: A comprehensive review of our institutional database was performed to identify patients who received myeloablative-conditioning therapy over 5 years. All HSCT patients who received radiotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning and received either palifermin or SCPR within the study period were included. Most patients received Fludarabine, Busulfan, and total body irradiation (FBT). Patients were divided into two groups based on the OM prophylactic agent received. The primary outcome is prevalence of severe OM (WHO Grade 3 and 4). The secondary outcomes are a prevalence of all-grade OM and WHO Grade 4 OM. These outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results: We identified 26 patients who received SCPR and 122 patients who received palifermin for OM prophylaxis. The prevalence of World Health Organization (WHO) Grade 3 or 4 OM was significantly lower in the palifermin group (57% vs. 100%, p = 0.01). In addition, the palifermin group had lower WHO Grade 4 OM (22% vs. 62%, p = 0.0006). The overall prevalence of OM was not significantly different between the two groups (86% for palifermin group vs. 100% for SCPR arm, p = 0.15). Subgroup analyses demonstrated improved outcomes with palifermin, regardless of age, sex, disease status, donor type, and primary diagnosis. Conclusion: When compared to SCPR, the use of palifermin is associated reduced severity of OM in HSCT patients receiving radiotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning.","PeriodicalId":93705,"journal":{"name":"Hemato","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45053844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of Hemato in 2022 对2022年Hemato审稿人的感谢

Hemato Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.3390/hemato4010005

引用次数: 0

Antigen Receptors Gene Analysis for Minimal Residual Disease Detection in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: The Role of High Throughput Sequencing 抗原受体基因分析在急性淋巴细胞白血病微小残留疾病检测中的作用：高通量测序

Hemato Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.3390/hemato4010004

P. Piccaluga, S. Paolini, G. Visani

引用次数: 0

Classification of B-Cell Lymphomas and Immunodeficiency-Related Lymphoproliferations: What’s New? B细胞淋巴瘤的分类和免疫缺陷相关的淋巴增生：有什么新进展？

Hemato Pub Date : 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/hemato4010003

A. Chadburn, A. Gloghini, A. Carbone

{"title":"Classification of B-Cell Lymphomas and Immunodeficiency-Related Lymphoproliferations: What’s New?","authors":"A. Chadburn, A. Gloghini, A. Carbone","doi":"10.3390/hemato4010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hemato4010003","url":null,"abstract":"New insights from genomic studies have had an impact on the definition and the diagnosis of several lymphoid tumors including follicular B-cell lymphomas, aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, and lymphoproliferations associated with acquired and posttransplant immunodeficiencies. Follicular lymphoma (FL) includes tumors whose behavior varies widely from indolent/early lesions to aggressive/transformed lymphomas. Although some large B-cell lymphomas can be subclassified as specific entities, the majority lack the characteristics necessary for subclassification and, thus, are termed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, NOS. There have been, however, some changes in the classification of specific subtypes of large B-cell lymphoma as well as the addition of new entities, a few of which are highlighted in this article. The immunodeficiency-related lymphoproliferative disorders are currently divided into four major categories based on the clinical setting in which they arose: primary immune deficiency, post-transplant, HIV infection, and iatrogenic immunosuppression. In the two upcoming classifications systems for hematolymphoid neoplasms, International Consensus Classification (ICC) and WHO-HAEM-5, there is a divergence in the approach to categorize these lesions. Furthermore, whereas the WHO-HAEM-5 confirms the ability to classify a spectrum of EBV+ lesions as EBV+ DLBCL, NOS, the ICC has separated out lesions that are composed of a heterogenous cellular infiltrate into a new separate category, “EBV-positive polymorphic B cell lymphoproliferative disorder, NOS”. Both WHO-HAEM-5 and ICC recognize a number of KSHV/HHV8-associated lymphoid lesions and acknowledge that there is significant overlap among the different lesions. In the future, translation of these innovations in general practice requires further validation.","PeriodicalId":93705,"journal":{"name":"Hemato","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49471905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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