Journal of women's health care and management最新文献

{"title":"What Works in Family Planning Interventions in Sub-saharan Africa: A Scoping Review","authors":"Teklemariam Yarinbab, S. Getachew, S. Kassa, Walelign Atomsa, M. Setegn","doi":"10.35248/2167-0420.19.8.471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0420.19.8.471","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This scoping review was aimed to map the available evidence on family planning intervention in Sub Saharan Africa. Even though there were systematic reviews conducted in this setting on family planning interventions, the need for this scoping review stems from the need to provide an updates on family planning intervention across Sub Saharan Africa. It is essential to establish an adequate evidence base to support the design of policies aimed at improving family planning interventions. Furthermore, condensing evidence across different settings allows a meaningful comparison of experiences and facilitates knowledge transfer across countries. Therefore, this scoping review tried to summarize what works in family planning interventions in Sub Saharan Africa. Methods: The overall focus was to review the overall body of evidence on a given topic, with focus on width rather than depth. We conducted our scoping review according to the ‘York Methodology’ described by Arksey & O’Malley. This allowed us to appraise and condense evidence across study types into one single interpretation. Result: Five studies were reviewed in this study. All of the studies were specific to countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Among the five quantitative studies, the majority used cross-sectional study design while the remaining used quasiexperimental study design. From studies reviewed, demand creation through (mass media, community mobilizations), messages from religious leaders, advocacy, social franchising, establishment of family planning task force, mobile outreach, and static service delivery were mentioned as means of family planning interventions. Conclusion: Mass media coverage, demand generation, and advocacy and community mobilization were commonly used in family planning interventions across different Sub-Saharan African Countries. Accordingly, family planning interventions which used different these strategies were characterized by better use of modern contraception in these setups.","PeriodicalId":93471,"journal":{"name":"Journal of women's health care and management","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73055301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Anthropological View on National Family Planning Programme in Rural Area of North Karnataka","authors":"Kalawati M Aparaj, C. H. Khan","doi":"10.35248/2167-0420.19.8.478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0420.19.8.478","url":null,"abstract":"Family Planning has been one of key priority area of the government and it has been dynamically pursued through the National Rural Health Mission launched in the year 2005. The purpose behind this programme was population stabilization as envisaged in the National Population Policy, 2000. The most important objectives of National Population Policy 2000, was to address the unmet needs for contraception and achieving a stable population by 2045 at a level consistent with the requirements of sustainable economic growth, social development and environmental protection. As a result of initiatives of the government, the country’s Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has declined from 2.7 in 2006 to 2.2 in 2016 (NFHS-IV). The decadal growth rate has declined from 21.54% in 1990-2000 to 17.64% during 2001-11. The crude birth rate has declined from 23.8 in 2005 to 20.8. The present study has been trying to focus on National Family Planning Programme which is ongoing through PHC (Primary Health Centre) at Mallapur village of Athani Taluk. Since its establishment of PHC in 1992 it has been playing a big role to creating awareness and providing health care services regarding family planning.","PeriodicalId":93471,"journal":{"name":"Journal of women's health care and management","volume":"138 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77483432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Long Acting Reversible Contraceptive Methods and Associated Factor among Women who came for Family Planning Service in Bahir Dar City Public Health Facility, North West, Ethiopia, Institutional Based Cross Sectional Study","authors":"A. Ayenew, Amlaku Mulat, Toyiba Hiyaru","doi":"10.35248/2167-0420.19.8.466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0420.19.8.466","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Long acting reversible contraceptive method provides uninterrupted protection to women for 3 to12 years. By far the most effective and very safe methods, when removed, return to fertility is prompt. Utilization of family planning method is a human right, central to gender equality and women’s empowerment which is a key factor for reducing poverty, for the health of child and women and for the development of the country, but utilization is still slanted to short acting methods. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine Utilization of Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive methods and associated Factors among women who came for family planning Service in Bahir Dar City public health facility, North West, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from public health facility in Bahir Dar City from April 1 to 30th April, 2018. Systematic sampling technique was used to select study participants and allocated to each public health institution proportionally. Data entry and analysis was made by using Epi info version 7 and SPSS versions 23 respectively. The association between the independent and outcome variables was first computed using bivariate analysis and p-value ≤ 0.25 was included into multivariable analysis. Finally, multivariable analyses were carried out with p-value ≤ 0.05. Result: The overall utilization of long acting reversible contraception was 18.4%. Having good knowledge (AOR=3:95% CI:1.52-5.9), desired number of children (AOR=2.4:95% CI:1.22-4.8) and having favourable attitude (AOR=4.9:95% CI:2.26-10.6) were predictors of long acting reversible family planning method utilization. Conclusion: In this study utilization of long acting reversible contraception is found to be low. Desired number of children, knowledge and attitude were found to be the predictors of utilization of long acting reversible contraceptive methods. To scale up the utilization health education, adequate counselling, and mass education should be considered to increase level of awareness, changing the attitude of the reproductive age women and to minimize myth and misconception to enhance the uptake.","PeriodicalId":93471,"journal":{"name":"Journal of women's health care and management","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81545858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Predictors of Adverse Birth Outcome among Deliveries at Butajira General Hospital, Gurage Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and PeopleâÂÂs Region, Ethiopia","authors":"R. Abdo, Hassen Mosa Halil, B. Kebede","doi":"10.35248/2167-0420.19.8.474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0420.19.8.474","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adverse birth outcomes are the most common public health problem in both developed and developing countries, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of adverse birth outcome among women who delivered at the Butajira General Hospital, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region, Ethiopia. Methods: A Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 06–27, 2019. Three hundred thirteen mothers’ card was obtained using the systematic sampling method. A pretested checklist was used to collect data. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and analysed using SPSS version 24. Multiple logistic regressions were used to identify associated predictors of adverse birth outcome with 95% confidence interval. p value of <0.05 was considered significant. Result: The overall prevalence of adverse birth outcome was 18.2%. The predictors of the adverse birth outcome were as follows: being rural residence [AOR=3.2; 95% CI (1.5, 7.7)], mothers aged 35 and above [AOR=8.7; 95% CI (3.1, 24.5)], history of abortion [AOR=2.4; 95% CI (1.1, 5.4)], and pregnancy complication [AOR=12.9; 95% CI (4.8, 35.2)]. Conclusion: Most factors associated with adverse birth outcome are manageable by means of appropriate pre-natal care and improving antenatal, intrapartum, neonatal care services and incorporating community-based health education within our limited resources.","PeriodicalId":93471,"journal":{"name":"Journal of women's health care and management","volume":"IA-12 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84590911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical Cancer and Screening Method: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Women Living in Adama Town","authors":"R. Kassa, Teshome Oljira Gurmessa, Tadesse Fikre Lemma, Workinesh Sinshaw Abebe","doi":"10.35248/2167-0420.19.8.458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0420.19.8.458","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Globally, cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women. In 2008 there were an estimated 529,000 new cases. The majority of cervical cancer deaths occur in women who are never screened or treated and in women with well-described sexual and reproductive risk factors, such as an early sexual debut, a history of multiple sexual partners, and a high number of live births. Objective: To assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of cervical cancer screening. Methods: A community based cross sectional design was conducted. A total of 390 study participants were recruited. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the respondents of the study. An interview method was employed by using a pretested structured questionnaire. Data was entered, cleaned and analyzed by SPSS version 20 statistical package. Descriptive summaries using frequencies and proportions were used to present the study results. Binary and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of cervical cancer and screening method. Results: Among 390, most of them were married 247 (63.3%). Half of them were aged between 30-44 years, 199 (51%). Most of them 329 (84.4%) reported that they have heard about cervical cancer before. Nearly half (48.6%) of study participants had a good knowledge. Most of them agreed that precancerous cervical cancer screening method does not harm 219 (66.6%). It was found that literates women were more likely to be knowledgeable by 22.7 times than women who were illiterates (COR=22.7 95% CI 3.0, 170.9 AOR=12.7 95% CI 1.6, 98.6). Conclusion: Nearly half of study participants had good knowledge toward cervical cancer. Most of study participants had positive attitude but very few of them were tested for cervical cancer. The most associated factors for knowledge, attitude and practice regarding cervical cancer screening method were educational status, occupational status, and family history of cervical cancer.","PeriodicalId":93471,"journal":{"name":"Journal of women's health care and management","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76298951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender-specific Mental Strain in the Working Context","authors":"K. Claassen, H. Broding","doi":"10.35248/2167-0420.19.8.475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0420.19.8.475","url":null,"abstract":"This is an analysis of the mental strain of employees in Germany. It addresses the question whether there is a genderbased gradient in emotional exhaustion in the working context. 4000 employees were asked by means of an online access panel in 2019. Women suffer significantly more often from emotional exhaustion, even after controlling for various demographic and work-related third variables. The finding is independent of migration experiences. Wage satisfaction appears to be the strongest predictor of emotional exhaustion which is in line with Siegrist’s model of effort-reward-imbalances. Having children is a significant risk factor. Therefore, the adjusted gender pay gap has to be closed, while the compatibility of family and career needs to be strengthened on the levels of government and society. These would be improvements from which women with and without migration background would profit to the same extent.","PeriodicalId":93471,"journal":{"name":"Journal of women's health care and management","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90576919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What does an Ointment Add to Usual Vulvar Diseasesandrsquo; Treatments?","authors":"C. Belilovsky, J. Bohbot","doi":"10.35248/2167-0420.19.8.463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0420.19.8.463","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study assessed the impacts of an ointment on treatment efficacy, side effects and global tolerance of most common vulvar diseases. Methods: This observational study enrolled patients with Lichen Sclerosus (LS) and psoriasis who were still symptomatic despite maintenance therapy (topical steroids) the tested ointment was added to unchanged maintenance treatment. Patients with Condyloma Acuminata (CA), treated with liquid nitrogen and/or imiquimod applied tested ointment during healing phase. Patients suffering from vulvodynia used the ointment in addition to their multidisciplinary treatment. All patients were examined during 2 consecutive visits. subjective and objective clinical scores, tolerance, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and auto-evaluation questionnaires were evaluated at each visit. Results: Eighty-one patients completed the study: 26 LS, 6 psoriasis, 33 CA and 16 vulvodynia. There were significant reductions in global symptom and clinical scores for LS (-80.61% and -59.20% respectively, mean followup 66 days) and psoriasis (-82.88% and -82.80% respectively, mean follow-up of 51 days). For LS, a 75% decrease for symptom and clinical scores was reached by respectively 76.9% and 23% of patients. The DLQI decreased by 40.17% for LS and 76.92% for psoriasis. Use of ointment resulted in low post-treatment scores for CA (Symptom score (0-50):1.03, clinical score (0-24):1.85, mean follow-up of 21 days). For all diseases, auto-evaluation questionnaires answered ‘totally or rather agree’ to following questions: immediate comfort 79-88%, persistent comfort 75-100%, diminishes pruritus/burning sensations 75-100%, non-irritant 88-100%. Tolerance was good for all except two patients (one CA, one vulvodynia). Conclusion: Our results indicated the complementary effects of an ointment added to treatments for vulvar lichen sclerosus, psoriasis, condyloma acuminata and for vulvodynia. Ointment is a good complement to TS treatments in dermatology, and skin protection enhances healing after aggressive treatments. Ointment simple formulation contributes to the good tolerance on vulvar skin.","PeriodicalId":93471,"journal":{"name":"Journal of women's health care and management","volume":"71 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85695887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Under Nutrition and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Gumay District, Jimma Zone, South West Ethiopia","authors":"Addis Shiferaw, G. Husein","doi":"10.35248/2167-0420.19.8.459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0420.19.8.459","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Maternal malnutrition is global health problem affecting higher proportion of women in developing countries. Maternal under nutrition in Ethiopia is amongst the highest in the world and twice sub-Saharan average level 27%. However, little evidences were documented on acute under nutrition and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia in general and the study area in particular. Objective: To assess acute under nutrition and associated factors among pregnant women in Gumay district of Jimma Zone at, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 30 to July 30, 2018. Data was collected from 382 pregnant women that randomly selected. The collected data was double entered to Epi-info7 and analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Descriptive statistics was used to describe characteristics of study participants. Multivariable logistic regressions were carried out, association between independent and dependent variables were measured using adjusted odds ratios and its 95% confidence interval and P-value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Prevalence of acute under nutrition among pregnant women was about 44.9%, [95% CI= 40.0-50.0]. Family monthly income [AOR=8.72 (4.80, 15.83)], Women’s decision making autonomy [AOR=0.40 (0.19, 0.82)], skipping meal [AOR=2.62 (1.41, 4.89)], substance use [AOR=2.01 (1.07, 3.77)], household food insecurity [AOR=2.01 (1.06, 3.80)], lack of prenatal dietary advices [AOR=2.73 (1.53, 4.89)], absence of Household latrine [AOR=9.23 (3.48, 24.46)], not participating health development army’s meeting at village level [AOR=3.01 (1.57, 5.72)] and hand washing habit [AOR=6.55 (3.02, 14.20)] had shown statistically significant association with maternal acute under nutrition. Conclusion: Magnitude of acute under nutrition among pregnant women was 44.9% in a district. Monthly income, women’s decision making autonomy, skipping meals, substances use, household food insecurity, lack of prenatal dietary advices, poor hand washing habit, lack of latrine and not participate on health development army’s meeting were found to be predictors of women acute under nutrition.","PeriodicalId":93471,"journal":{"name":"Journal of women's health care and management","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82281837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV Status Disclosure Paradox: Implications of HIV Disclosure on Safer Sexual Practices among Women Living with HIV/AIDS","authors":"Jacinda K. Dariotis, Natabhona M. Mabachi, S. Finocchario-Kessler","doi":"10.4172/2167-0420.1000454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0420.1000454","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: HIV status disclosure is typically encouraged because of its purported benefits. Unintended consequences of status disclosure to People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) and their partners, however, rarely receive research attention. Understanding unintended consequences is essential to addressing the public health challenge of reducing HIV/AIDS incidence and re-infection. This study explores how status disclosure may impederather than facilitate-behavioral adherence. Methods: A semi-structured interviews with 20 HIV positive women (mean age=27.9 (SD=8.2); 70% romantically involved), we explored why or why not these women adhere to sexual behavioral recommendations to protect against reinfection and transmission to partners. Interviews were transcribed, independently coded, and thematically analyzed. Participants understood condom use and ART adherence benefits. This did not always translate into adherence. Stigma concerns and partner willingness to risk transmission and reinfection influenced oscillations in behavioral adherence. Results: We found evidence for the “HIV Status Disclosure Paradox,” which includes four types. HIV status nondisclosure was related to greater behavioral adherence by (1) promoting abstinence and/ or singlehood, or (2) motivating infected women to insist on consistent condom use. Disclosure was related to (3) male partners’ willingness to risk transmission or reinfection by insisting on unprotected sex and women’s relinquishment of responsibility after disclosure, or (4) selecting partners accepting of HIV status or weeding out unaccepting partners. Conclusion: These paradoxes coupled with suboptimal medical adherence suggest increased risk potential among PLHA and their partners. Disclosure counseling with patients and partners should incorporate information and messages to minimize unintended consequences that increase transmission or reinfection risk.","PeriodicalId":93471,"journal":{"name":"Journal of women's health care and management","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79243374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contraceptive Methods, Maternal and Neonatal Mortality in Afghanistan: Based on the Interview","authors":"Marika Merits, Kaire Sildver, Irena Bartels, R. Tamme","doi":"10.35248/2167-0420.19.8.465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0420.19.8.465","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The research is carried out in the framework of the development project “Improving Quality of Medical and Info-technological education in North and East Afghanistan in 2014-2016.” The Afghan midwives were educated about contemporary professional theoretical and practical skills within the training, whereas prior it was necessary to determine the existing knowledge and skills of the target group. It was possible to plan the content quality of the training with the support of the results of current research in accordance with the needs of the target group. The study’s aim is to describe contraceptive methods, maternal and neonatal mortality in Afghanistan and to analyses results of the interviews during professional training for Afghan midwives in Estonia, Tallinn Health Care College. Methods: The research method is qualitative based on semi-structured interviews. The target group comprised nine Afghan midwives from North and East Afghanistan. The questionnaire consisted of questions, which were divided into three themes: contraceptive methods, maternal mortality and neonatal mortality. Results: According to interviews, in Afghanistan, a variety of contraception is available: hormonal oral pills, birth control implants, and hormone injections, intra-uterine contraceptive and male condoms. Abortion is prohibited by law, but it is exercised in disguise. In rural areas, contraception is more difficult to access than in cities. There are several factors hindering the use of contraceptives and family planning in Afghanistan, such as family-related or societal religious standards and values, fear and ignorance of side effects, insufficient counseling skills of the midwives and lack of female doctors also high cost of contraceptives. There are many children in the families in Afghanistan. The birth of a baby boy is preferred because there is a widespread misconception that boys ensure the well-being of the family. Women from urban areas give birth in urban hospitals. Women from rural areas give birth at home, there is a high risk for the onset of complications and professional help is not available. The women are invited to the hospital for the midwife’s postpartum appointment but most women prefer not to go there, which increases the risk for the onset of postpartum complications. Newborn care consists of many different factors, which are hazards to the health of a newborn, such as not using colostrum, washing the newborn and several other inappropriate methods of care. Prematurity, low birth weight, infections etc. are highlighted as causes for neonatal mortality. Healthcare in Afghanistan as a whole is uneven, and needs systematic rearrangements. Midwifery care is not available in rural areas. Training of midwives should be supported and improved at the national level in order to provide even availability and quality of midwifery care. The measures listed help to alleviate problems related to family planning and to reduce the maternal mort","PeriodicalId":93471,"journal":{"name":"Journal of women's health care and management","volume":" 13","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72500196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}