Bulletin of glaciological research最新文献_第4页

Effects of temperature and grain type on time variation of snow specific surface area 温度和颗粒类型对雪比表面积时间变化的影响

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Bulletin of glaciological research Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.5331/BGR.32.47

A. Hachikubo, S. Yamaguchi, H. Arakawa, T. Tanikawa, M. Hori, K. Sugiura, S. Matoba, M. Niwano, K. Kuchiki, T. Aoki

引用次数: 16

Spatial variations of δ18O and ion species in the snowpack of the northwestern Greenland ice sheet 格陵兰冰盖西北部积雪δ18O和离子种类的空间变化

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Bulletin of glaciological research Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.5331/BGR.32.79

S. Matoba, Tetsuhide Yamasaki, Morihiro Miyahara, H. Motoyama

引用次数: 3

Application of snow specific surface area measurement using an optical method based on near-infrared reflectance around 900-nm wavelength to wet snow zones in Japan 基于900 nm左右近红外反射率的光学方法测量雪比表面积在日本湿雪区的应用

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Bulletin of glaciological research Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.5331/BGR.32.55

S. Yamaguchi, H. Motoyoshi, T. Tanikawa, T. Aoki, M. Niwano, Y. Takeuchi, Y. Endo

{"title":"Application of snow specific surface area measurement using an optical method based on near-infrared reflectance around 900-nm wavelength to wet snow zones in Japan","authors":"S. Yamaguchi, H. Motoyoshi, T. Tanikawa, T. Aoki, M. Niwano, Y. Takeuchi, Y. Endo","doi":"10.5331/BGR.32.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5331/BGR.32.55","url":null,"abstract":"The specific surface area (SSA) of snow can be used as an objective measurement to define the optical sphere diameter of snow; it is therefore a helpful parameter to describe the physical properties of snow, such as albedo. Recently, measurement of snow SSA in the field has become easier with the use of optical methods based on near-infrared reflectance values (Ref). However, existing optical methods have only been validated for dry snow conditions in the field. In this study, we tested the possibility of applying the optical method using light with wavelength of around 900 nm (NIR photometry) to wet snow zones in Japan by comparing the findings with snow pit observation data. Our results indicated that NIR photometry can be applied to wet snow zones before the main melt season when the liquid water content is small, but problems arose during melt season due to the appearance of darker layers with more high liquid water content. To resolve these problems, we propose three improvements to NIR photometry: using three calibration targets ranging from high Ref to low Ref in coverage; establishing an estimation formula for SSA from measured Ref, including lower Ref values; and considering how water in the snow influences Ref.","PeriodicalId":9345,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of glaciological research","volume":"32 1","pages":"55-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71027373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Glaciological observations in 2012 and 2013 at SIGMA-A site, Northwest Greenland（北西グリーンランド , SIGMA-Aサイトにおける 2012年, 2013年の雪氷調査） Glaciological observations in 2012 and 2013 at SIGMA-A site, Northwest Greenland(西北格陵兰，SIGMA-A网站2012年、2013年冰雪调查)

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Bulletin of glaciological research Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.5331/BGR.32.95

Satoru Yamaguchi, S. Matoba, Tetsuhide Yamazaki, Akane Tsushima, Masashi Niwano, Tomonori Tanikawa, Teruo Aoki

{"title":"Glaciological observations in 2012 and 2013 at SIGMA-A site, Northwest Greenland（北西グリーンランド , SIGMA-Aサイトにおける 2012年, 2013年の雪氷調査）","authors":"Satoru Yamaguchi, S. Matoba, Tetsuhide Yamazaki, Akane Tsushima, Masashi Niwano, Tomonori Tanikawa, Teruo Aoki","doi":"10.5331/BGR.32.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5331/BGR.32.95","url":null,"abstract":"Glaciological observations were conducted in 2012 and 2013 at the SIGMA‑A site on the northwest Greenland ice sheet (78°03�06�N 67°37�42�W 1490 m a.s.l. as part of the Snow Impurity and Glacial Microbe eﬀects on abrupt warming in the Arctic (SIGMA project.　The meteorological conditions during the two observations were quite diﬀerent.　The meteorological condition during the 2012 observation period was warm and heavy rainfall occurred during the observation period thus the snow was very wet.　In contrast the meteorological condition during the observation period in 2013 was cold with a blowing snow event thus the snow was quite dry.　　　The glaciological observations in 2012 consisted of 1 snow‑stake measurements 2 snow pit observations 3 grain size observations for validation of satellite‑derived snow products 4 snow speciﬁc surface area measurements using a near‑infrared camera 5 snow sampling for chemical analyses and 6 drilling of ﬁrn cores with a hand auger.　The glaciological observations in 2013 consisted of 1 snow‑stake measurements 2 snow pit observations and 3 snow sampling for chemical analyses.","PeriodicalId":9345,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of glaciological research","volume":"32 1","pages":"95-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71027337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Dependence of thermal infrared emissive behaviors of snow cover on the surface snow type 积雪热红外发射特性与地表雪型的关系

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Bulletin of glaciological research Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.5331/BGR.32.33

M. Hori, T. Aoki, T. Tanikawa, K. Kuchiki, M. Niwano, S. Yamaguchi, S. Matoba

{"title":"Dependence of thermal infrared emissive behaviors of snow cover on the surface snow type","authors":"M. Hori, T. Aoki, T. Tanikawa, K. Kuchiki, M. Niwano, S. Yamaguchi, S. Matoba","doi":"10.5331/BGR.32.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5331/BGR.32.33","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of the thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing for discriminating surface snow types was examined by analyzing TIR radiances acquired from space over the Greenland ice sheet. The brightness temperature difference (BTD) between TIR wavelengths of 11 and 12μm was found to increase in accordance with in situ observed evolutions of surface snow type. Spatial and temporal distributions of BTD over the entire ice sheet indicated that BTD has a sensitivity of about 1.2 K for variations of the possible snow types. The observed behaviors of BTD were coincident with those predicted by a radiative transfer calculation using previous in situ measured snow emissivities, although some biases on the order of 0.1–0.3 K remain. The dependence of BTD on the surface snow type was also consistent with the behaviors of snow reflectance at the shortwave infrared (SWIR) wavelength 1.6μm, which is a measure of snow grain size, except for the case of melting wet snow. The inconsistency in the wet snow case was considered to be due to the different optical responses of the TIR and SWIR signals to wet snow, which suggested the possibility of using TIR signals to discriminate wet/dry conditions of snow cover in an old stage. As a result, it is determined that TIR remote sensing has potential not only as an approach supplementary to the SWIR method for assessing surface snow types in daytime but also as the only method for simultaneous retrieval of snow type and surface temperature in nighttime.","PeriodicalId":9345,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of glaciological research","volume":"35 2 1","pages":"33-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71027198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Mineralogical composition of cryoconite on glaciers in northwest Greenland 格陵兰岛西北部冰川冰晶的矿物组成

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Bulletin of glaciological research Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.5331/BGR.32.107

Naoko Nagatsuka, N. Takeuchi, J. Uetake, R. Shimada

{"title":"Mineralogical composition of cryoconite on glaciers in northwest Greenland","authors":"Naoko Nagatsuka, N. Takeuchi, J. Uetake, R. Shimada","doi":"10.5331/BGR.32.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5331/BGR.32.107","url":null,"abstract":"The mineralogical composition of cryoconite on a glacial surface was investigated on six glaciers in northwest Greenland (Qaanaaq Qaqortaq Tugto Bowdoin Sun and Scarlet Heart.　The X‑ray diﬀraction analysis showed that the cryoconites mainly contained seven silicate minerals: hornblende quartz potassium feldspar plagioclase illite kaolinite and chlorite.　Semi‑quantitative mineralogical analysis of the silicate mineral composition on the Qaanaaq Glacier showed little variation among the samples collected from ﬁve diﬀerent elevations.　This indicates that the minerals on the glacier were probably dominated by dust from a unique source which is recently transported from local sediments including soil and moraine.　On the other hand the mineral composition varied signiﬁcantly among the glaciers.　Based on the clay mineral content the glaciers could be classiﬁed into three groups.　Type A: high clay mineral content composed of illite and kaolinite found on Qaanaaq Qaqortaq and Tugto; Type B: high clay mineral content composed of only kaolinite found on Sun; and Type C: lower clay mineral content composed of only kaolinite found on Bowdoin and Scarlet Heart.　The geographical distribution of the types of glaciers did not correspond with the geology in this area indicating that the mineralogical composition is not determined just by the geologi‑ cal conditions around glaciers but also by other factors such as the redistribution of sediments by glacial ﬂuvial or coastal processes.","PeriodicalId":9345,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of glaciological research","volume":"25 1","pages":"107-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5331/BGR.32.107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71027015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Light-absorbing snow impurity concentrations measured on Northwest Greenland ice sheet in 2011 and 2012 2011年和2012年格陵兰西北冰盖吸光雪杂质浓度测定

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Bulletin of glaciological research Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.5331/BGR.32.21

T. Aoki, S. Matoba, S. Yamaguchi, T. Tanikawa, M. Niwano, K. Kuchiki, K. Adachi, J. Uetake, H. Motoyama, M. Hori

{"title":"Light-absorbing snow impurity concentrations measured on Northwest Greenland ice sheet in 2011 and 2012","authors":"T. Aoki, S. Matoba, S. Yamaguchi, T. Tanikawa, M. Niwano, K. Kuchiki, K. Adachi, J. Uetake, H. Motoyama, M. Hori","doi":"10.5331/BGR.32.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5331/BGR.32.21","url":null,"abstract":"Light-absorbingsnowimpuritiesofelementalcarbon�(EC),�organiccarbon�(OC),�andmineraldusthave� beenmeasuredatthreelocationsatelevationsfrom�1,469�to�1,992�monAugust�1,�2011,�andatthesite� SIGMA-A�(78�N,�68�W,�elevation�1,490�m)�onthenorthwestGreenlandicesheet�(GrIS)�duringtheperiod� fromJune�28�toJuly�12,�2012.　AtSIGMA-A,�aremarkablesnowsurfaceloweringtogetherwithsnow� meltingwasobservedduringtheobservationperiodin�2012,�whenarecordsurfacemeltingeventoccurred� overtheGrIS.� Theconcentrationsinthesurfacewere� 0.9,� 3.8,� and� 107�ppbwforEC,� OC,� anddust,� respectively,�atthebeginningoftheperiod,�whichincreasedto�4.9,�17.2,�and�1327�ppbwforEC,�OC,�anddust,� respectively,�attheend.　TheECanddustconcentrationswereremarkablyhigherthanthoseatthethree� locationsin�2011�andtherecentmeasurementsatSummit.　However,�ourmeasurementsforECandOC� couldbeunderestimatedbecausearecentstudyindicatesthatthecollectionefficiencyofaquartzfiber�","PeriodicalId":9345,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of glaciological research","volume":"32 1","pages":"21-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5331/BGR.32.21","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71027066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 36

Spatial variations in impurities (cryoconite) on glaciers in northwest Greenland 格陵兰岛西北部冰川上杂质(冰晶)的空间变化

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Bulletin of glaciological research Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.5331/BGR.32.85

N. Takeuchi, Naoko Nagatsuka, J. Uetake, R. Shimada

引用次数: 50

Evaluation of updated physical snowpack model SMAP 更新后的物理积雪模式SMAP的评价

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Bulletin of glaciological research Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.5331/BGR.32.65

M. Niwano, T. Aoki, K. Kuchiki, M. Hosaka, Y. Kodama, S. Yamaguchi, H. Motoyoshi, Y. Iwata

{"title":"Evaluation of updated physical snowpack model SMAP","authors":"M. Niwano, T. Aoki, K. Kuchiki, M. Hosaka, Y. Kodama, S. Yamaguchi, H. Motoyoshi, Y. Iwata","doi":"10.5331/BGR.32.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5331/BGR.32.65","url":null,"abstract":"The 1D multilayered physical snowpack model Snow Metamorphism and Albedo Process (SMAP), which was originally designed for climate studies, is now updated by incorporating a detailed water movement scheme, realistic snow settlement process and limitation for the Richardson number to ensure minimum turbulent exchanges even under highly stable atmospheric conditions. The evaluation of the updated version of SMAP was first performed using the data obtained at Sapporo, Japan, during the 20072009 winters and the effectiveness of these updates was demonstrated in terms of snow depth and snow surface temperature. However, we pointed out that the choice of maximum Richardson number should be further examined. To test the reliability of SMAP under different climate conditions, we applied it to Naga oka, Japan, during the 2011-2012 winter. At Nagaoka, we performed snow-soil-coupled simulations, because ground heat flux was not available during the study period. For this purpose, we developed a soil submodel for SMAP. Consequently, we confirmed that the updated version performed better than the old version in terms of mass balance simulations at Nagaoka too. Although mass balance-related parameters of the snowpack simulated by the updated version agreed well with observations during the accumulation period, the model substantially overestimated snow depth, as well as column-integrated snow water equivalent during the ablation period. By discussing the reasons for these discrepancies, we highlighted that further investigation on snow-melt processes for thick seasonal snowpack is necessary.","PeriodicalId":9345,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of glaciological research","volume":"32 1","pages":"65-78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71027421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Recent melting status at the upstream part of the Gangjoe La Glacier, Bhutan Himalayas, determined by pollen analysis of an ice core 不丹喜马拉雅山脉Gangjoe La冰川上游部分的近期融化状况，由冰芯的花粉分析确定

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Bulletin of glaciological research Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.5331/BGR.31.1

F. Nakazawa, T. Segawa, S. Kohshima, Lobzang（ロブザン） Gyenden, T. Fujiki, Karma（カルマ） Toeb

{"title":"Recent melting status at the upstream part of the Gangjoe La Glacier, Bhutan Himalayas, determined by pollen analysis of an ice core","authors":"F. Nakazawa, T. Segawa, S. Kohshima, Lobzang（ロブザン） Gyenden, T. Fujiki, Karma（カルマ） Toeb","doi":"10.5331/BGR.31.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5331/BGR.31.1","url":null,"abstract":"Pollen analyses were carried out on samples from a snow pit and an ice core in the saddle of the Gangjoe La Glacier in the Bhutan Himalayas in 2002. The main purpose of this study was to implement an ice core analysis to investigate the recent snow depositional environment at the upstream part, particularly to understand melting status. The total sample length was 6.60 m. Three pollen concentration peaks were observed at the ice core depths of 0.46-0.56, 1.44-1.54, and 2.52-2.56 m. These peaks contained pollen, from various taxa, that had scattered in the study region between March and October. On the other hand, air temperature data showed that the summer melting season on the glacier was from June to September. Therefore, we assumed that snow deposited from approximately March to September over the past three years was lost due to summer melting. The ice layers between the pollen concentration peaks seemed to correspond to snow accumulation from September to March of the following year. These results provided a clue to better understand melting and snow depositional conditions at the study site.","PeriodicalId":9345,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of glaciological research","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5331/BGR.31.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71027458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0