Bulletin of glaciological research最新文献_第2页

Physiological responses to intensive snow shoveling performed by volunteers in heavy snowfall area 志愿者在大雪区进行密集铲雪时的生理反应

IF 1

Bulletin of glaciological research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5331/bgr.19a01

Tsutomu Suda, Kazuki Takizawa, Nobuyoshi Konishi, S. Omiya, S. Tsutaki

{"title":"Physiological responses to intensive snow shoveling performed by volunteers in heavy snowfall area","authors":"Tsutomu Suda, Kazuki Takizawa, Nobuyoshi Konishi, S. Omiya, S. Tsutaki","doi":"10.5331/bgr.19a01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5331/bgr.19a01","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine the physiological responses to intensive snow shoveling. The subjects were six males (25-71, 50±8 years) who participated in a snow removal volunteer tour. Prior to the tour, each subject engaged in a cycle ergometer test (Test 1) and a multistage shoveling test (Test 2) to evaluate the relationship between volume of oxygen consumption (V 4 O2) and heart rate. Field measurements were performed in Miruto of Iwamizawa City, Hokkaido, Japan on February 2, 2014. Average air temperatures of that day were -6.3 °C in the morning and -1.4 °C in the afternoon. The snow layer at the work site had various grain shapes and snow density linearly increased with snow depth. While snow hardness increased exponentially with increase in snow depth. Mean heart rate during working time in the afternoon (142±9 beats min) was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that in the morning (131±9 beats min). These heart rates correspond 84 % and 77 % of the predicted maximum heart rate (HRmax), respectively. Ratings of perceived exertion were not different in the morning (12.9±0.4) and afternoon (12.4±0.3). The mean values of V 4 O2 in the total work period (111±3 min) was estimated to be 22.2±1.2 ml kg min (Metabolic equivalent; 6.4±0.3 METs). Estimated energy expenditure averaged 782±46 kcal. It is conceivable that increase in snow hardness and snow density caused an increase in work intensity.","PeriodicalId":9345,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of glaciological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71026113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An improved snowfall monitoring system developed in central Niigata Prefecture, Japan 在日本新泻县中部开发的改进的降雪监测系统

IF 1

Bulletin of glaciological research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5331/bgr.18sr01

K. Yamashita, Sento Nakai, H. Motoyoshi, Masaaki Ishizaka

引用次数: 2

Study on advanced snow information and its application to disaster mitigation: An overview 先进积雪信息及其在减灾中的应用研究综述

IF 1

Bulletin of glaciological research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5331/bgr.18sw01

Sento NAKAI（中井専人）, Kenji KOSUGI（小杉健二）, Satoru YAMAGUCHI（山口悟）, Katsuya YAMASHITA（山下克也）, Kengo SATO（佐藤研吾）, Satoru ADACHI（安達聖）, Yoichi ITO（伊藤陽一）, Masaki NEMOTO（根本征樹）, Kazuki NAKAMURA（中村一樹）, Hiroki MOTOYOSHI（本吉弘岐）, Hiroyuki HIRASHIMA（平島寛行）, Isao KAMIISHI（上石勲）, Kenichi ODA（小田憲一）, Masaaki ISHIZAKA（石坂雅昭）, Osamu ABE（阿部修）, Takeshi SATO（佐藤威）

{"title":"Study on advanced snow information and its application to disaster mitigation: An overview","authors":"Sento NAKAI（中井専人）, Kenji KOSUGI（小杉健二）, Satoru YAMAGUCHI（山口悟）, Katsuya YAMASHITA（山下克也）, Kengo SATO（佐藤研吾）, Satoru ADACHI（安達聖）, Yoichi ITO（伊藤陽一）, Masaki NEMOTO（根本征樹）, Kazuki NAKAMURA（中村一樹）, Hiroki MOTOYOSHI（本吉弘岐）, Hiroyuki HIRASHIMA（平島寛行）, Isao KAMIISHI（上石勲）, Kenichi ODA（小田憲一）, Masaaki ISHIZAKA（石坂雅昭）, Osamu ABE（阿部修）, Takeshi SATO（佐藤威）","doi":"10.5331/bgr.18sw01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5331/bgr.18sw01","url":null,"abstract":"An overview of the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) project “Study on Advanced Snow Information and its Application to Disaster Mitigation (ASDIM)” is described here. The Concentrated Snowfall Monitoring System (CSMS) was constructed, and observations of falling snow particles at remote sites of the CSMS were started within the observation range of an X-band multiparameter radar at the Snow and Ice Research Center (SIRC) in Nagaoka. A parameter for the quantitative description of falling snow particles was derived. Preferential flow within the snowpack was reproduced numerically. State-of-the-art microphysical technologies, such as nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and X-ray computerized tomography, were employed. Advanced snow information, such as center of mass flux distribution, liquid water fraction, specific surface area, and microstructure of the snowpack, were collected for falling and ground snow analyses. A regularly updated Real-time Hazard Map (RHM) displaying the areas affected by various snow and ice-related hazards was developed. The RHM serves as a platform for application of the Snow Disaster Forecasting System to hazards such as avalanches, snow accretion, and blowing snow. The utility of the RHMs was examined through experiments conducted in association with local governments and transport administrators.","PeriodicalId":9345,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of glaciological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5331/bgr.18sw01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71026283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Microstructural analysis of Greenland ice using a cryogenic scanning electron microscope equipped with an electron backscatter diffraction detector 用配备电子背散射衍射探测器的低温扫描电子显微镜分析格陵兰冰的微观结构

IF 1

Bulletin of glaciological research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5331/bgr.19r01

Wataru Shigeyama, Naoko Nagatsuka, T. Homma, Morimasa Takata, K. Goto‐Azuma, I. Weikusat, M. Drury, Ernst-Jan N. Kuiper, Ramona Valentina Mateiu, N. Azuma, D. Dahl-Jensen, S. Kipfstuhl

{"title":"Microstructural analysis of Greenland ice using a cryogenic scanning electron microscope equipped with an electron backscatter diffraction detector","authors":"Wataru Shigeyama, Naoko Nagatsuka, T. Homma, Morimasa Takata, K. Goto‐Azuma, I. Weikusat, M. Drury, Ernst-Jan N. Kuiper, Ramona Valentina Mateiu, N. Azuma, D. Dahl-Jensen, S. Kipfstuhl","doi":"10.5331/bgr.19r01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5331/bgr.19r01","url":null,"abstract":"Mass loss from ice sheets contributes to global sea level rise, and accelerated ice flow to the oceans is one of the major causes of rapid ice sheet mass loss. To understand flow dynamics of polar ice sheets, we need to understand deformation mechanisms of the polycrystalline ice in ice sheets. Laboratory experiments have shown that deformation of polycrystalline ice occurs largely by dislocation glide, which mainly depends on crystal orientation distribution. Grain size and impurities are also important factors that determine ice deformation mechanisms. Compared with ice formed during interglacial periods, ice formed during glacial periods, especially ice that forms cloudy bands, exhibits finer grain sizes and higher impurity concentrations. A previous report suggests the deformation rate of ice containing cloudy bands is higher than that of ice without cloudy bands. To examine the microstructures and deformation histories of ice in cloudy bands, we applied the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique to samples from the Greenland Ice Sheet using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) equipped with cold stages. Prior to the EBSD analysis, we optimised our ESEM/EBSD system and performed angular error assessment using artificial ice. In terms of c- and a-axis orientation distributions and grain orientation spread, we found little difference between samples taken from a cloudy band and those taken from an adjacent layer of clear ice. However, subgrain boundary density and orientation gradients were higher in the cloudy band, suggesting that there are more dislocations in the cloudy band than in the clear ice layer.","PeriodicalId":9345,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of glaciological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71026312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Glaciological traverse across the Southern Patagonian Icefield 穿越南巴塔哥尼亚冰原的冰川学路线

IF 1

Bulletin of glaciological research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5331/bgr.19r03

M. Minowa, Marius Schaefer, P. Skvarca, S. Matoba, G. Gacitúa

引用次数: 1

Numerical snowpack model simulation schemes for avalanche prediction in Japan 日本雪崩预报的数值积雪模式模拟方案

IF 1

Bulletin of glaciological research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5331/bgr.18sw02

H. Hirashima

引用次数: 4

Development of a magnetic resonance imaging system for wet snow samples 湿雪样品磁共振成像系统的研制

IF 1

Bulletin of glaciological research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5331/bgr.17sr01

S. Adachi, S. Yamaguchi, Toshihiro Ozeki, K. Kose

引用次数: 1

A review of passive microwave observations of snow-covered areas over complex Arctic terrain 北极复杂地形积雪地区被动微波观测综述

IF 1

Bulletin of glaciological research Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.5331/BGR.18W01

N. Alimasi

{"title":"A review of passive microwave observations of snow-covered areas over complex Arctic terrain","authors":"N. Alimasi","doi":"10.5331/BGR.18W01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5331/BGR.18W01","url":null,"abstract":"The Arctic is experiencing rapid environmental change due to climate warming, resulting in snow condition changes. Passive microwave observation is a useful tool to monitor these changes. However, the ground conditions in boreal regions, comprised of forest, permafrost, and lakes, are complex. The rapid change of season from winter to spring is also important information obtained through snow observations when studying the Arctic climate. This study introduces previous attempts to retrieve Arctic microwave observations, examples of flight observations, and the use of the low-frequency 6 GHz band to improve the assessment of snow conditions. Flight observations carried out over a forest, wetland, and lake using an airborne microwave radiometer provides detailed brightness temperature variations of the Arctic and winter ‒ spring changes. Flight and satellite microwave observations were used to monitor warming in spring and indicated the early warming of lowlands and late warming of mountainous areas. The diurnal amplitude variation (DAV) is useful to monitor snowmelt in the Arctic. During the short winter‒spring transition in the Arctic, microwave emissions showed local and temporal variations with forest, permafrost, and lake. They are available for further discussion on microwave observation of snow in the Arctic and implementation of changing Arctic cryospheric environment.","PeriodicalId":9345,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of glaciological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71026435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Energy Balance Variation on the Snow Surface during the Snow Covered Season in the Norikura Highland, Japanese Alpine Area 日本高寒地区纪仓高原积雪季节雪面能量平衡变化

IF 1

Bulletin of glaciological research Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.5331/BGR.18A02

Motoshi Nishimura, A. Sasaki, Keisuke Suzuki

{"title":"Energy Balance Variation on the Snow Surface during the Snow Covered Season in the Norikura Highland, Japanese Alpine Area","authors":"Motoshi Nishimura, A. Sasaki, Keisuke Suzuki","doi":"10.5331/BGR.18A02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5331/BGR.18A02","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the characteristics of snowmelt in the Norikura highland were investigated using an energy balance analysis to calculate the amount of snowmelt. Meteorological observations were conducted on the Norikura highland (1590 m a.s.l.) and an energy balance analysis was carried out on the snow surface during the snow cover seasons. The result showed that multi-year datasets of meteorological observations revealed characteristics such as low air temperature and vapor pressure, and weak wind speed. Throughout each season of snow cover averaged net radiation, the sensible heat flux and latent heat flux were 88.9 %, 16.4 % and -6.3 % energy ratio to the total snowmelt energy, respectively. Each day, conditions were classified as rainy or non-rainy. The result for rainy conditions showed that net shortwave radiation decreased, while net longwave radiation increased greatly. Latent heat and sensible heat flux also increased. Although there was little precipitation heat flux, larger snowmelt energy was provided when it rained. In the late snowmelt period, the snowmelt rate calculated from the energy balance analysis was compared to the observed value, and the two were almost consistent.","PeriodicalId":9345,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of glaciological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71025792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Field activities at the SIGMA-A site, northwestern Greenland Ice Sheet, 2017 2017年，格陵兰冰盖西北部SIGMA-A站点的现场活动

IF 1

Bulletin of glaciological research Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.5331/BGR.18R01

S. Matoba, M. Niwano, T. Tanikawa, Y. Iizuka, Tetsuhide Yamasaki, Y. Kurosaki, T. Aoki, A. Hashimoto, M. Hosaka, S. Sugiyama

引用次数: 9