Journal of public health international最新文献_第3页

Prevalence and Risk Factors of HIV Infection among Children Born from HIV Positive Women Musanze District, Rwanda 卢旺达Musanze区HIV阳性妇女所生儿童中HIV感染的流行率和危险因素

Journal of public health international Pub Date : 2021-05-26 DOI: 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-21-3820

E. Rutayisire, Ennest Safari, M. Habtu, I. Muhimba, Olivier Nderelimana, Philbert Muhire, Olivier Nderelimana, I. Muhimba, M. Habtu

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of HIV Infection among Children Born from HIV Positive Women Musanze District, Rwanda","authors":"E. Rutayisire, Ennest Safari, M. Habtu, I. Muhimba, Olivier Nderelimana, Philbert Muhire, Olivier Nderelimana, I. Muhimba, M. Habtu","doi":"10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-21-3820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-21-3820","url":null,"abstract":"In Rwanda the prevalence of mother-to-child HIV transmission is 1.5%, the prevalence was found to be higher in rural area. The purpose of this study was to determine the Prevalence and Risk Factors of HIV Infection among Children born from HIV Positive Women in Musanze District. The study findings help to decrease the rate of HIV infection among children born from mother HIV positive to zero. This study was conducted in Musanze District, Northern Province in Rwanda. The study targeted 420 HIV positive mothers who delivery in different health facilities located in Musanze district form January 2019 to December 2020 and their children. SPSS version 22 was used for analysis. Of 420 children born from HIV positive mothers 91.7% were aged between 18-24 months, 55.2% were female. The majority of HIV positive mothers 80.2% who participated in the study were married. The prevalence of HIV infection among children born from HIV positive women was 2.9%. Children whose mother had poor adherence to ART were 1.5 times more likely to get HIV at birth compared to those whose mother had good adherence (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI: (1.12-2.21)). Children born from mothers in WHO stage II were more likely to get HIV from their mother (AOR = 1.24; 95% CI: (1.32-2.207)). Children born from HIV positive mother with one ANC visit were 2.5 times more likely to get HIV from their mothers (AOR = 1.56; 95% CI: (2.31-5.17)).","PeriodicalId":93210,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49425454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Community Health Needs Assessment in Urban Communities in Kigali City In Rwanda: A Cluster-Randomized Trial 卢旺达基加利市城市社区社区卫生需求评估:一项分组随机试验

Journal of public health international Pub Date : 2021-05-14 DOI: 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-21-3632

M. Placide, Niyitegeka Jean Pierre, Nizeyimana Fidele

{"title":"Community Health Needs Assessment in Urban Communities in Kigali City In Rwanda: A Cluster-Randomized Trial","authors":"M. Placide, Niyitegeka Jean Pierre, Nizeyimana Fidele","doi":"10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-21-3632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-21-3632","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Reporting of suspected or confirmed communicable diseases is paramount. Although physicians have primary responsibility for reporting, school nurses, laboratory directors, infection control practitioners, daycare center directors, health care facilities, state institutions and any other individuals providing health care services are also required to report communicable disease. Therefore, community health needs assessment in urban communities remains an essential instrument for the rapid and accurate dissemination of epidemiological information on cases and outbreaks of diseases under the national health regulations and other communicable diseases of public health importance, including emerging or re-emerging infections.\u0000\u0000Purpose of the Study\u0000Todescribe relevant medical needs of townspeople so that treatment plans can be developed accordingly.\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000The Study was a cross-sectional with qualitative approach. In-depth interviews and focus group interviews was used as research technique. Data was categorized to look for emerging themes then further distilled to identify any abstract themes that could be understood holistically.\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Urban decision-makers need to advocate the problem of human resources in public health facilities and the mutual health insurance to revise its insurance policy to allow their clients to be received even in private clinics. Dental services was wished to be available in public health centers. Study participants suggested that new useful information could be posted in private public premises rather than to be in public institutions only.\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000The patient waiting time, dental services in health centers, and the way of dissemination new health information, mutual health insurance and insufficient human resources are the major concerns of townspeople that they wish improvement.","PeriodicalId":93210,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48248689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of COVID-19 on Supply Chains in Zimbabwe 新冠肺炎对津巴布韦供应链的影响

Journal of public health international Pub Date : 2021-05-11 DOI: 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-21-3824

Steven Munharo, Steven Munharo, Akpan Aniekan Edet, Akpan Edikan Friday, T. Maradze, Attaullah Ahmadi, Lucero-Prisno Iii Don Eliseo, Lucero-Prisno Iii Don Eliseo

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on Supply Chains in Zimbabwe","authors":"Steven Munharo, Steven Munharo, Akpan Aniekan Edet, Akpan Edikan Friday, T. Maradze, Attaullah Ahmadi, Lucero-Prisno Iii Don Eliseo, Lucero-Prisno Iii Don Eliseo","doi":"10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-21-3824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-21-3824","url":null,"abstract":"Zimbabwe like many other sub-Saharan African states has been struggling to provide a quality health service delivery system. Nations with rampant corruption and ineffective bureaucracy made worse, the response towards the fight against COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019. Despite the Zimbabwean government setting out protocols with international agencies such as WHO, World Health Organization to mount an effective response against COVID-19, the health system has been overstretched with lack of personal protective equipment, shortage of drugs and essential equipment and wanton corruption practices coupled with shortage of staff. Timely delivery of orders is still a challenge due to strict bureaucratic measures when transporting goods and the existing competition between countries. Manufacturers and donors are shifting their focus to their countries leaving the Zimbabwean health service underfunded and under-resourced. However, among the challenges experienced the country has been given a chance to revisit its priorities and strategize how best the government and organizations can move essential medical goods, utilize current trade agreements such as ACFTA, African Continental Free Trade Area and local drug manufacturers to produce essential medicines. Launching an efficient mechanism to end corrupt practices in procurement and supply as well as improve interagency cooperation and communication may help improve efforts to end COVID-19 in Zimbabwe.","PeriodicalId":93210,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46605096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Development and Testing of Long-Lasting IRS Products While Revising the WHO Test Protocol 在修订世界卫生组织试验方案的同时开发和测试长效IRS产品

Journal of public health international Pub Date : 2021-03-17 DOI: 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-21-3774

O. Skovmand, Gisèle Ongmayeb, Roch Kounbobr Dabiré, Benson Georges Meda, M. Namountougou, Tuan Nguyen, Duoc M. Dang, T. Trang

{"title":"Development and Testing of Long-Lasting IRS Products While Revising the WHO Test Protocol","authors":"O. Skovmand, Gisèle Ongmayeb, Roch Kounbobr Dabiré, Benson Georges Meda, M. Namountougou, Tuan Nguyen, Duoc M. Dang, T. Trang","doi":"10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-21-3774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-21-3774","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the development of a long-lasting product for Intra-domicile residual spray (IRS) and shows it is possible to obtain a residual effect of nearly 2 years. However, to obtain that the methods currently recommended by WHO for laboratory evaluation had to be modified and approached methods closer to the semi-field and field evaluations as applied in later phases of WHO procedures. Surfaces with high pH resulted in short residual effect unless the formulations were mixed with a silicone coating. Screening in huts constructed for the purpose was realised by dividing the wall surfaces in 25 test plots of 0.5 m² where formulations were applied randomly with more repeats the closer to the final formulation. Mud and concrete surface were more challenging than wood surface and stones and these could be dropped for screening. Wall surfaces heated by sun were repellent to non-blood fed mosquitoes, and the test in huts were limited to the mornings. However, blood fed mosquitoes were not repelled. Cone tests on mud-walls are complicated by the uneven structure of the surface and a better way of attaching cones to avoid mortality errors was developed. Formulations that can be applied and last for two mosquito seasons produce big cost savings for IRS programs, since program costs are mostly application costs.","PeriodicalId":93210,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47171792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Model-Based Estimation of Annual Long-Term Care Costs in Germany Following Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) in Elderly Patients 德国老年患者术后认知功能障碍(POCD)后年度长期护理费用的基于模型的估计

Journal of public health international Pub Date : 2021-03-13 DOI: 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-21-3765

M. Pietzsch, S. Weber, G. Winterer, Florian Lammers-Lietz, F. Borchers, D. Hadzidiakos, F. Yürek, C. Spies, Jochen Kruppa, Sophie K. Piper, G. Winterer, Jochen Kruppa, Sophie K. Piper

{"title":"A Model-Based Estimation of Annual Long-Term Care Costs in Germany Following Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) in Elderly Patients","authors":"M. Pietzsch, S. Weber, G. Winterer, Florian Lammers-Lietz, F. Borchers, D. Hadzidiakos, F. Yürek, C. Spies, Jochen Kruppa, Sophie K. Piper, G. Winterer, Jochen Kruppa, Sophie K. Piper","doi":"10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-21-3765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-21-3765","url":null,"abstract":"Acute post-operative delirium (POD) and long-term post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) are frequent and associated with increased mortality, dependency on care giving and institutionalization rates. The POCD-related cost burden on the German long-term care insurance provides an indication for the savings potential from risk-adapted treatment schemes. Comprehensive estimates have not been assessed or published so far.\u0000\u0000A model-based cost-analysis was designed to estimate POCD-related costs in the long-term care insurance. Comprehensive analysis of inpatient operations and procedures (OPS-codes) served as the base for case number calculations, which were then used as input to the actual cost model. POCD-incidence rates were obtained from the BioCog study. Various sensitivity analyses were performed to assess uncertainty of the model results.\u0000\u0000Total POCD related annual costs in the German long-term care insurance account for approximately 1.6 billion EUR according to the base case of our analysis. Total annual costs for all POCD cases depend on surgery numbers, incidence rates, other assumptions, and uncertain input parameters.\u0000\u0000The financial burden to the long-term care insurance is substantial, even in a conservative scenario of the cost model. Variability of results stems from uncertain assumptions, POCD-incidence rates and from uncertain patient numbers who are undergoing surgery and are therefore at risk to develop POCD.","PeriodicalId":93210,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45608720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Knowledge and Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity Prevention among Women Attending Kibagabaga Hospital, Rwanda 卢旺达Kibagabaga医院妇女超重和肥胖预防的相关知识和因素

Journal of public health international Pub Date : 2021-02-18 DOI: 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-20-3683

Alexis Niyitegeka, M. Habtu, E. Rutayisire, H. Vasanthakaalam

{"title":"Knowledge and Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity Prevention among Women Attending Kibagabaga Hospital, Rwanda","authors":"Alexis Niyitegeka, M. Habtu, E. Rutayisire, H. Vasanthakaalam","doi":"10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-20-3683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-20-3683","url":null,"abstract":"Women in Rwanda are still suffering from overweight and obesity and health-related complications. However, little is known about overweight/obesity prevention knowledge and factors associated with overweight/obesity prevention among women. The aim of this study was to determine knowledge and factors associated with overweight and obesity prevention among women attending Kibagabaga Hospital in Rwanda. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted among women aged 20-45 years that was selected randomly. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 384 women seeking health care at the hospital during the study period. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis; descriptive statistics was used to assess women’s knowledge related to overweight/obesity. Logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with overweight/obesity prevention, the level of significance was set at 5%. Approval to conduct the study was obtained from the University and Hospital. The majority 35.4% of study participants were aged between 30-34 years. Women who live in urban area dominate the study (76.3%), the majority of study participants were married (60.9%). The study revealed that the 22% and 62% of women had higher level and moderate knowledge respectively. In terms of overweight/obesity prevention practices, we found that 67% mothers had adequate practices towards overweight and obesity prevention. The age of 35-39, and unemployment were found to be significantly associated with overweight/obesity prevention practices. Cost-effective health education focusing on women, physical activity and social support to reduce the socio-cultural constraints that promote overweight/obesity are necessary to combat this epidemic","PeriodicalId":93210,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46003927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Note From the Field In Search of Roland Wayne, Jr. (Not His Real Name): Comment on Social Connectivity. 《寻找小罗兰·韦恩（化名）的田野笔记：关于社会联系的评论》。

Journal of public health international Pub Date : 2021-02-11 DOI: 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-21-3725

R. Johnson

引用次数: 0

A Note From the Field In Search of Roland Wayne, Jr. (Not His Real Name): Comment on Social Connectivity. 寻找小罗兰·韦恩(非真名)的现场笔记:对社会联系的评论。

Journal of public health international Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-02-11

Ralph J Johnson

引用次数: 0

How Africa Should Engage Ubuntu Ethics and Artificial Intelligence 非洲应该如何参与Ubuntu伦理和人工智能

Journal of public health international Pub Date : 2020-12-26 DOI: 10.14302/ISSN.2641-4538.JPHI-20-3427

Simon K. Langat, Pascal M. Mwakio, D. Ayuku

引用次数: 3

Knowledge and Attitudes of Bar Attendants towards Second-Hand Smoke in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda 卢旺达尼亚鲁热地区酒吧服务员对二手烟的知识和态度

Journal of public health international Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.14302/ISSN.2641-4538.JPHI-20-3624

Furaha Mediatrice, Nicholas Njau Ngomi, E. Rutayisire

{"title":"Knowledge and Attitudes of Bar Attendants towards Second-Hand Smoke in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda","authors":"Furaha Mediatrice, Nicholas Njau Ngomi, E. Rutayisire","doi":"10.14302/ISSN.2641-4538.JPHI-20-3624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14302/ISSN.2641-4538.JPHI-20-3624","url":null,"abstract":"Report has shown that there is an increase of respiratory disease among bars attendants over time whereby in 2011, 32% of bars attendants reported respiratory diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of bar attendants towards second-hand smoke (SHS) at work place in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda. This was a cross-sectional study using mixed methods of both qualitative and quantitative. A total of 384 bar attendants participated in the study. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Descriptive analysis using frequency and percentages was computed. he qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The majority of respondents (66.4%) were within the age group of 28-37 years, 60.2% of respondents were males, 60.9% of respondents were illiterate, and 57.3% of respondents were single at the time of data collection.The majority (78.6%) of the study respondents knew that Smoking is dangerous to human health. The cited consequences of SHS include air pollution that enter the respiratory system and damage the lungs, dizziness and others. All respondents agreed that people who smoke should not be allowed to smoke in public places. Improving bar attendants’ access to health education on SHS and encouraging continuous and constant exposure would significantly increase the knowledge and attitude levels of bar attendants towards SHS.","PeriodicalId":93210,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health international","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67005061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0