Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Antioxidant assays by reducing potential and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging techniques as affected by pH and ion concentrations","authors":"B. Oso, C. O. Ogidi","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061206","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of varying pH and different metal ion concentrations on the analyses of antioxidants by reducing potential (RP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging techniques. The investigation was conducted by examining the effects of various pH values (4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) and potassium chloride concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 ug/mL) on the optical densities of reducing potential and DPPH radical scavenging potential of aqueous infusions of Cassia alata (L.) Roxb. The determinations were also conducted on the extraction media with the intention of identifying the probable source of variation in the investigation. The antioxidant potentials for both the aqueous infusion and media were most efficient at the least pH 4.0. Moreover, the antioxidant potentials decrease as the ion concentrations increase. The study revealed that the colorimetric methods for the determinations of DPPH radical scavenging and RP could be liable to errors arising from slight changes in acidity and concentrations of the metal ions thus affecting the performance characteristics in terms of repeatability and reproducibility of reports and meaningful comparisons of antioxidant capacity of dietary products among different authors.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"111 6 Pt 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89758471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue in Post-Polio Syndrome","authors":"M. Motta, A. Quadros, L. Ferreira, A. Oliveira","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061203","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS) is characterized by the appearance of new muscular symptoms or worsening of previous residual symptoms, several years after the acute polio. The most common symptoms include a trial of fatigue, deterioration in muscle strength and pain. Fatigue is one of the most frequent complaints of PPS and the majority of patients identify fatigue as their most troubling symptom. The aetiology of the symptom arouses great interest, mainly due to its multifactorial character, and can be divided into two components: peripheral (muscular) fatigue and central (general) or simultaneously-occurring fatigue. Considering the importance of the symptom and the limitations that can cause in PPS patients, it is important to consider a series of variables, so that it can be better understood, thus providing a more effective and specific treatment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80150943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Birds species composition and abundance of a relativelly undisturbed vegetation at Mount Pati, Lokoja, Kogi State","authors":"D. Tanko, Rita Chinweuba","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061225","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Avifauna of a relatively undisturbed vegetation at Mount Patti of Lokoja was surveyed from January to June, 2018. Line transect and point count techniques were used for data collection. This was done by weekly visits to the site between 6:00 h and 10:00 h of the day. Bird identification was done with the aid of a pair of binoculars, Field Guide of birds of western Africa and recorded bird calls. Monthly variation and season variation in bird composition and abundance were compared using Shannon-Wiener diversity index and equitability index. There were 39 species in 21 families encountered during the survey. The Family Nectarinidae had the highest number of 5 species, followed by Columbidae and Estrildidae with 4 species each. A total of 1,148 individuals were encountered during the six months survey with village weaver having the highest encountered rate of 107 while yellow-throated Long-claw had the least encountered rate of 4 individuals. Fluctuation was observed in the monthly encountered rate of the birds. Diversity and equitability indices had their highest values of 5.24 and 1.51 in January. More birds (696) were encountered in the wet season than the dry season (452). Four species were seen only in the wet season. Species effort curve showed that there are more species to be discover. The number of species encountered in this study revealed that the mountain is rich composition of bird species, even though the site seems to favour species that show preference to disturbed areas. The on-going anthropogenic activities probably paved way to these species to move in. Monthly and seasonal fluctuation of bird species diversity and abundance may be due to a combination of physical and biological factors. The physical and biological factors observed at the site which we speculate could be reasons for the observed fluctuations include slash and burnt system of farming, fuel-wood harvesting, intensive sporting activities creation of foot paths etc. High encountered rate indicate abundance and high activity level of the species. The village weaver was the most encountered species probably because they are known to be lousy, move in flocks and breed in colonies. In view of the rich composition and abundance of bird species on Mount Patti and the site being a suitable breeding site for the weavers. We recommend further study of the place as there are yet more species to be discovered as indicated by the species effort curve. There is need for conservation procedures to be initiated at the place and this study should serve as a baseline to initiate such programme by the state government.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82797287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical study of Delphinium denudatum Wall (Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae) and their antioxidant activity","authors":"A. Gupta, Mahfoozurrahman Khan, D. Khan","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061215","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The drug jadwar known as Delphinium denudatum Wall (Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae), the jadwar consist of dried tuberous roots of D. denudatum. An annual glabrous or slightly downy herbs found is Western Himalayas from Kumaon to Kashmir at altitudes of 3,000 m to 4,500 m specially on grassy slopes. It is distinguished by its relatively small blue and violet color and it is one of the important drugs used as indigenous medicine in India, especially in where isolated from the petroleum ether-soluble fraction of roots of D. denudatum. Jadwar widely used in traditional unani system of medicine for the treatment of a variety of human ailments including epilepsy. In order to increase the bioavailability, the nanophytosome of the D. denudatum root aqueous fraction (DNP) was prepared, characterized and evaluation. The phospholipids complex of the obtain aqueous fraction (AF) was prepared with phospholipon 90H. The size of nanophytosome was determined by dynamic light scattering. HPTLC fingerprinting of the AF was also performed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81263911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual effects of neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Sapindales: Meliaceae) seed-based fertilizer and NPK on the performance of Basella alba L. (Caryophyllales: Basellaceae) plant","authors":"S. Adejoro, D. Arije, A. Adegaye","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061213","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Organomineral formulations are low input technology fertilizers, which combine the attributes of both organic and inorganic fertilizers. A completely randomized design (CRD) pot experiment was conducted in the screen house of the Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, of the Federal University of Technology, Akure, to evaluate the residual effects of neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Sapindales: Meliaceae) seed based fertilizer and NPK 20:10:10 on the growth, yield and nutritional quality of Basella alba L. (Caryophyllales: Basellaceae). Results showed that the plots previously treated with neem seed-based fertilizer especially at 150-300 kg/ha enhanced the growth, yield and nutritional quality of B. alba, and increased these parameter significantly (P < 0.05) compared to the NPK treated and the untreated soil samples. It was therefore concluded that the Neem seed based fertilizer can serve as a viable alternative to NPK chemical fertilizers especially in rotational cropping systems owing to its prolonged soil action.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84302114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing AquaCrop model to simulate soil water contents under semi arid climate of Central Tunisia","authors":"Ghazouani Hiba, Basma Latrech, M. Amel, C. Amani, B. Douh, G. Issam, A. Boujelben","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061219","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The objective of the present study was to preliminary calibrate and validate AquaCrop model based on crop conservative parameters from the literature for plant growth and water stress thresholds. In addition, physical soil characteristics, root growth, duration of plant stages and atmospheric demands were introduced according to field measurements. Based on this preliminary calibration, simulated water contents were compared to a measured data set of water contents retrieved from deficit and full irrigation treatments on a potato cropped field during an experimental year of 2015. Statistical indexes were computed and finally this performance in simulating water contents were validated under independent measurements carried out during an experiments campaign on the same field on 2014. Moreover, the paper presents the experimental protocol followed for soil characterization, considered as a milestone component for this soil water contents prediction. Results showed, that under the followed preliminary calibration, the model was able to simulate water contents (0v). In general, values of Root Mean Square Error were lower than 0.03 cm3.cm-3 representing the magnitude of error of the time domain reflectometry probe. Moreover values of Nash coffecients were close to 1 confirming the goodness of fit between measured and estimated water contents. Once assessed, the model could be used to study effects of different irrigation strategies on dynamic of water contents aiming to increase water use efficiency.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85529277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential of naturally occurring bacteria for the bioremediation of toxic metals pollution","authors":"A. Vashishth, Nimisha Tehri, Pawan Kumar","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061205","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 An increase in industrialization and various kind of human activities added a huge amount of toxic heavy metals in the soil. As a result, toxic heavy metals in the environment may be adversely affects human being and aquatic ecosystem. Thus, it is very essential to understand mechanism of bioremediation through eco-friendly agent i.e. bacteria. Accumulation of high metal concentrations in soil above threshold limit causes lethal to bacterial communities in the environment. Few bacteria develop resistance mechanism to tolerate these toxic heavy metals and contain various methods to respond the metal stress. The present review emphasizes to understand the mechanism of bacterial resistance against toxic metals. Moreover, mechanism of bioaugmentation, biosorption, and bioaccumulation methods also described clearly.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74015199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term trend analysis of climatic variables and reference evapotranspiration over different urban areas in Tunisia","authors":"Basma Latrech, H. Ghazouani, Lasram Asma, B. Douh, Mansour Mohsen, A. Boujelben","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061218","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, the trend analysis of annual climatic variables including Tmax, Tmin, Tmean, RHmean, WS and SR as well as FAO-56 PM ET0 were investigated in three locations in Tunisia during 1984-2007. The Mann-Kendall Test, the Sen's Slope Estimator and linear regression tests were used for the analysis. The obtained results showed a significant increasing trends (a < 0.001) and (a < 0.01) in annual Tmax, Tmin and Tmean at all the considered locations. However, Tmin increase faster than Tmax with a slope of magnitudes ranging between 0.057 to 0.1 oC year-1. For RHmean, a non-significant tendency of decrease was observed in Chott-Mariem station. However, significantly increasing trends were found for Kelibia and Tunis Carthage. Concerning the WS variable, a tendency of decrease is observed during the study period for all the stations. Nevertheless, the statistical analysis of decreasing tendency of wind speed varied from non-significant for Tunis Carthage to highly significant (a <= 0.001) at Chott-Mariem and Kelibia. Despite the highly significant upward trend of temperature, the temporal pattern of mean annual FAO56 PM-ET0, over the different stations, did not exhibit any significant trend except for Kelibia station.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76797474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using AquaCrop Model to simulate irrigation water use efficiency of potato crop under semi-arid conditions of Central Tunisia","authors":"Ghazouani Hiba, Basma Latrech, B. Douh, C. Amani, M. Amel, G. Issam, A. Boujelben","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061220","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In Tunisia, water scarcity forces producers to face stress conditions. In this study, AquaCrop was used to reproduce the dynamic of water contents, vegetative growth, yield production and water use efficiency under a non-stressed and water stressed treatments. Calibration procedure aimed to use in maximum default parameters of AquaCrop. Since, the paper presented only the parameters that have to be adjusted to obtain similar results of field measurements. Root mean squared error, RMSE, values were always lower than 0.04 cm3.cm-3 for water contents lower than 0.06 for vegetation cover estimation. Moreover, results from Nasch Coefficient, E, were almost equal to one. RMSE and E justified that the model was well assessed to predict the soil water contents and vegetation development under the study area. However, the model presented a greater performance in the case of full irrigation strategy. When evaluating different values of water productivity, it was showed that a WP of 32 g.m-2 produced the lowest estimation error. Regarding yield productions, statistical indictors, computed for a water productivity value of 32 g.m-2 show in general RMSE values lower than 0.4 t/ha. In addition, E was closer to one for the non stressed treatment, T1. For irrigation water use efficiency, it was depicted that the model underestimated field IWUE. Moreover, the discrepancy between simulated and estimated irrigation water use efficiency rose for treatment T2, implying that the model calibration should be improved, especially for stressed conditions. The model, after being calibrated, could be used for simulating the response of the crop to different irrigation management aiming to optimize water use efficiency.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90665431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and in silico investigation of Schiff base derivatives of 1H-indole-2,3-diones and their Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes as antimicrobial agents","authors":"Helen O. Echekwube, P. Ukoha, O. T. Ujam, C. Nwuche, J. Asegbeloyin, A. Ibezim","doi":"10.21472/BJBS.061207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21472/BJBS.061207","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 3-[(2-aminophenyl)imino]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, (Lo), 1,3-phenylenediazanylylidene di (1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one), (Lm) and 1,4-phenylenediazanylylidene di(1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one) (Lp) were synthesized by the reaction of 1H-indole-2,3-dione with benzene-1,2-diamine, benzene-1,3-diamine and benzene-1,4-diamine respectively. The reaction of Lo, Lm and Lp with Co(II) and Ni(II) halides gave the corresponding coordination complexes which were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, infra-red, GC-MS and electronic spectral studies. Docking of the 1H-indole-2,3-diones toward the binding sites of penicillin binding protein and DNA gyrase showed they interacted favourably with the test antibacterial targets at deltaGs range of -2.51 to -5.48 kcal/mol. In accordance to literature report, coordination of cobalt and nickel to the ligands yielded metal complexes which exhibited improved interaction with the protein targets (at deltaGs range of -8.70 to -10.20 kcal/mol). In vitro antimicrobial studies against some microorganisms showed that some of the compounds were active against few Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. The Lo, Lm and Lp had no activity against any of the test microorganisms but the Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes, showed antibacterial activity. The [Co(Lo)2] and [Ni(Lo)2] complexes generated the least antibacterial response. [Co(Lo)2] was ineffective against E. coli 6 and Staphylococcus sciuri subsp sciuri while Bacillus subtilis was resistant to [Ni(Lo)2] which moderately inhibited E. coli 14 (7 mm). Both compounds indicated zero activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The complex that evoked the highest bactericidal activity were [CoLm]Cl2 and [NiLp]Cl2. The antibiogram activity of [CoLm]Cl2 was found between 20 and 30 mm with E. coli 6 displaying greater sensitivity (30 mm) and S. sciuri the least (20 mm). The activity of [NiLp]Cl2 complex indicate that the activity spectrum of the organisms occurred within 29 and 45 mm range; the least sensitive were E. coli 14 (29 mm) and B. subtilis (29 mm) while the most sensitive was S. sciuri subsp sciuri (45 mm). The two compounds were further studied for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and their binding modes towards the studied protein targets were analyzed. Result indicate that the MIC of 1.25 ug/mL was determined for the complex ([NiLp]Cl2) against S. sciuri subsp sciuri (12 mm) while in case of [CoLm]Cl2, the MIC was 2.5 ug/mL (13 mm) against the same organism. The binding modes predicted for [CoLm]Cl2 and [NiLp]Cl2 identified essential residues necessary for interaction with the studied proteins and which could be targeted during structural/activity optimization.\u0000","PeriodicalId":9319,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82771117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}