Open access journal of neurology & neurosurgery最新文献_第2页

Glia Maturation Factor in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. 神经胶质成熟因子在阿尔茨海默病发病中的作用。

Open access journal of neurology & neurosurgery Pub Date : 2019-12-17 DOI: 10.19080/oajnn.2019.12.555840

S. B. Ramaswamy, S. Bhagavan, Harleen Kaur, Gema E Giler, D. Kempuraj, R. Thangavel, M. E. Ahmed, G. P. Selvakumar, S. Raikwar, Smita A. Zaheer, S. Iyer, R. Govindarajan, A. Zaheer

{"title":"Glia Maturation Factor in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"S. B. Ramaswamy, S. Bhagavan, Harleen Kaur, Gema E Giler, D. Kempuraj, R. Thangavel, M. E. Ahmed, G. P. Selvakumar, S. Raikwar, Smita A. Zaheer, S. Iyer, R. Govindarajan, A. Zaheer","doi":"10.19080/oajnn.2019.12.555840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajnn.2019.12.555840","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disease characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques (APs) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. There is no disease modifying therapeutic options currently available for this disease. Hippocampus, entorhinal cortex (Broadmann area 28), perirhinal cortex (Broadmann area 35) and insular cortices are areas within the brain that are first ones to be severely affected in AD. Neuroinflammation is an important factor that induces neurodegeneration in AD. Glia maturation factor (GMF), a proinflammatory factor plays a crucial role in AD through activation of microglia and astrocytes to release proinflammatory mediators in the brain. Through immunohistochemical studies, we have previously shown that GMF is highly expressed in the vicinity of APs and NFTs in AD brains. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), reactive astrocytes, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) labelled activated microglia and GMF immunoreactive glial cells are increased in the entorhinal cortical layers especially at the sites of APs and Tau containing NFTs indicating a role for GMF. Overexpression of GMF in glial cells leads to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Inhibition of GMF expression reduces neurodegeneration. Therefore, we suggest that GMF is a novel therapeutic target not only for AD but also for various other neurodegenerative diseases.","PeriodicalId":93038,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of neurology & neurosurgery","volume":"12 3 1","pages":"79-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43745775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Anti-GAD Cerebellar Ataxia Associated with Neuroendocrine Pancreatic Tumor, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach 抗GAD小脑共济失调伴神经内分泌胰腺肿瘤的诊治方法

Open access journal of neurology & neurosurgery Pub Date : 2019-11-12 DOI: 10.19080/oajnn.2019.12.555828

A. Nadeem

{"title":"Anti-GAD Cerebellar Ataxia Associated with Neuroendocrine Pancreatic Tumor, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach","authors":"A. Nadeem","doi":"10.19080/oajnn.2019.12.555828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajnn.2019.12.555828","url":null,"abstract":"Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) is a γ-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) synthesizing enzyme found in the nervous system and the pancreas. Lacking this enzyme can lead to epilepsy, Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) [1], limbic encephalitis [5] and Type 1 DM [6]. The association between GAD-Abs and SPS is well established and there is arising evident of the association between GAD-antibodies and CA [7,8]. High titers of antiGAD Abs can present with various neurological syndromes. Therefore, it has been challenging to diagnose isolated AntiGAD CA, as there are no standardized clear international guidelines in managing such cases [4]. In this paper we are interested in sharing our experience in the diagnosis and treatment approach, with a triple maintenance therapy, for managing a case of anti-GAD Abs cerebellar ataxia, which led to significant improvement of symptoms. Reported cases of autoimmune cerebellar ataxia show significant neurological improvement using; Corticosteroids [9], Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) [10], Immunosuppressants and Plasma exchange [11,12]. With paraneoplastic tumors, tumor resection usually plays a major role in improving the symptoms.","PeriodicalId":93038,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of neurology & neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48964880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alzheimer’s Disease: An Overview 阿尔茨海默病：综述

Open access journal of neurology & neurosurgery Pub Date : 2019-09-06 DOI: 10.19080/oajnn.2019.11.555816

R. Nath

引用次数: 0

Relationship between the Central Nervous System, Thinking, Language and Learning 中枢神经系统、思维、语言与学习的关系

Open access journal of neurology & neurosurgery Pub Date : 2019-09-06 DOI: 10.19080/oajnn.2019.11.555817

Jesús Dueñas Becerra

引用次数: 0

Screen Time Effects 屏幕时间影响

Open access journal of neurology & neurosurgery Pub Date : 2019-09-03 DOI: 10.19080/oajnn.2019.11.555815

K. Radek

引用次数: 1

Pregnancy Outcomes Complicated with Cavernous Angioma: a Systematic Review 合并海绵状血管瘤的妊娠结局:一项系统综述

Open access journal of neurology & neurosurgery Pub Date : 2019-08-27 DOI: 10.19080/oajnn.2019.11.555814

Abdulwahab Al Jabari

{"title":"Pregnancy Outcomes Complicated with Cavernous Angioma: a Systematic Review","authors":"Abdulwahab Al Jabari","doi":"10.19080/oajnn.2019.11.555814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajnn.2019.11.555814","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study: The aim of this study was to analyze whether the risk of intracranial hemorrhage, focal neurological deficits and seizure from a cerebral Cavernous Malformations (CCM) changes significantly during pregnancy, delivery and post-partum, and based on the data from this study a recommendation or to give advice for clinical practice regarding maternal and fetal outcomes from the risk of haemorrhagic CCM during pregnancy. Yet there is a paucity of information relating to this in the medical literature. Basic procedures: We searched for publications on cavernous malformation in pregnancy in the MEDLINE database through PubMed. All publications till January 2019 were included in the search, and 16 related articles and 32 case reports were found. Main findings the studies reported that most patients (40%) presented with clinical symptoms of focal neurological deficits such as changes in the motor or sensory function, visual field deficits, ataxia, and hemiparesis. In most patients, the onset of symptoms was during the antepartum period, whereas some patients showed delayed symptoms at 2 weeks to 10 years postpartum. During pregnancy and the peripartum period, conservative management (no surgical intervention) may be used in cases with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic lesions; however, in cases of severe symptoms occurring early in the course of pregnancy and endangering maternal and fetal life, neurosurgical intervention may be warranted before delivery. Principal conclusion: Most studies have suggested that pregnant women with CCMs can be managed safely even when symptomatic without a significant risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.","PeriodicalId":93038,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of neurology & neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42678932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Associations of Optical Coherence Tomography Parameters and Pathological Process in Multiple Sclerosis: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 光学相干断层扫描参数与多发性硬化症病理过程的关联:来自系统回顾和荟萃分析的证据

Open access journal of neurology & neurosurgery Pub Date : 2019-08-23 DOI: 10.19080/oajnn.2019.11.555813

S. Pelidou

引用次数: 0

Suicide Among Adult Psychiatric Inpatients: A Five-Year Appraisal 成年精神病住院患者自杀情况的五年评估

Open access journal of neurology & neurosurgery Pub Date : 2019-08-12 DOI: 10.19080/oajnn.2019.11.555812

S. Shafti

引用次数: 0

Kufor-Rakeb Syndrome- Rare Cause of Movement Disorder Kufor-Rakeb综合征-运动障碍的罕见原因

Open access journal of neurology & neurosurgery Pub Date : 2019-08-12 DOI: 10.19080/oajnn.2019.11.555810

S. Saleem

引用次数: 0

Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis Refractory to Multi-Drug Therapies in an Immunocompetent Patient 一名免疫功能正常患者的难治性播散性球虫病

Open access journal of neurology & neurosurgery Pub Date : 2019-08-09 DOI: 10.19080/oajnn.2019.11.555809

Raziul Haq

{"title":"Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis Refractory to Multi-Drug Therapies in an Immunocompetent Patient","authors":"Raziul Haq","doi":"10.19080/oajnn.2019.11.555809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajnn.2019.11.555809","url":null,"abstract":"Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection caused by Coccidioides immitis which thrives in dry desert climates such as the southwestern United States. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis is often seen in patients with an underlying immunodeficiency. Historically there have been few reported cases of opportunistic infections in the setting of low CD4+ count and no evidence of HIV infection. Coccidioidomycosis typically presents asymptomatically or as a minor respiratory illness in immunocompetent individuals. We report a case of disseminated coccidioidomycosis in a patient who is otherwise immunocompetent. Patient is a 24-year-old Hispanic male who presented with severe headache, fever, body pain, vomiting, and diarrhea for approximately 14 days. On admission, patient’s CD4+ count was 91 and CSF culture grew Coccidioides immitis, for which patient was started on fluconazole. Patient’s hospital stay was complicated by multiple bouts of altered mental status, fevers, hyponatremia, hydrocephalus, neurogenic bladder, new-onset Mobitz II heart arrhythmia, urinary tract infection, and sepsis. MRI studies revealed abnormal enhancement of leptomeninges, bilateral basal ganglia, thecal sac and cauda equina fibers, signifying disseminated disease. Patient’s serum Coccidioides complement fixation (IgG) titers remained elevated despite aggressive therapy with IV amphotericin B. After a total of six months of hospitalization, including treatment with intrathecal amphotericin B, patient’s last CD4+ count was 549, CSF IgG titers achieved < 1:1 and final CSF analysis revealed glucose, protein and WBCs within normal limits. Patient was stable for transfer to a tertiary care clinic for life-long management with intrathecal amphotericin B.","PeriodicalId":93038,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of neurology & neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43937175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0