Machine learning and knowledge extraction最新文献_第7页

A Survey of Deep Learning for Alzheimer's Disease 深度学习治疗阿尔茨海默病的研究综述

Machine learning and knowledge extraction Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.3390/make5020035

Qinghua Zhou, Jiaji Wang, Xiang Yu, Shuihua Wang, Yudong Zhang

引用次数: 3

A Mathematical Framework for Enriching Human-Machine Interactions 丰富人机交互的数学框架

Machine learning and knowledge extraction Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.3390/make5020034

A. Ehresmann, Mathias Béjean, J. Vanbremeersch

{"title":"A Mathematical Framework for Enriching Human-Machine Interactions","authors":"A. Ehresmann, Mathias Béjean, J. Vanbremeersch","doi":"10.3390/make5020034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make5020034","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a conceptual mathematical framework for developing rich human–machine interactions in order to improve decision-making in a social organisation, S. The idea is to model how S can create a “multi-level artificial cognitive system”, called a data analyser (DA), to collaborate with humans in collecting and learning how to analyse data, to anticipate situations, and to develop new responses, thus improving decision-making. In this model, the DA is “processed” to not only gather data and extend existing knowledge, but also to learn how to act autonomously with its own specific procedures or even to create new ones. An application is given in cases where such rich human–machine interactions are expected to allow the DA+S partnership to acquire deep anticipation capabilities for possible future changes, e.g., to prevent risks or seize opportunities. The way the social organization S operates over time, including the construction of DA, is described using the conceptual framework comprising “memory evolutive systems” (MES), a mathematical theoretical approach introduced by Ehresmann and Vanbremeersch for evolutionary multi-scale, multi-agent and multi-temporality systems. This leads to the definition of a “data analyser–MES”.","PeriodicalId":93033,"journal":{"name":"Machine learning and knowledge extraction","volume":"613 1","pages":"597-610"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86676769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Systematic Review of Recommendation Systems for Course Selection 课程选择推荐系统的系统回顾

Machine learning and knowledge extraction Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.3390/make5020033

Shrooq Algarni, Frederick T. Sheldon

引用次数: 0

What about the Latent Space? The Need for Latent Feature Saliency Detection in Deep Time Series Classification 潜伏空间呢?深度时间序列分类中潜在特征显著性检测的必要性

Machine learning and knowledge extraction Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.3390/make5020032

Maresa Schröder, Alireza Zamanian, N. Ahmidi

{"title":"What about the Latent Space? The Need for Latent Feature Saliency Detection in Deep Time Series Classification","authors":"Maresa Schröder, Alireza Zamanian, N. Ahmidi","doi":"10.3390/make5020032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make5020032","url":null,"abstract":"Saliency methods are designed to provide explainability for deep image processing models by assigning feature-wise importance scores and thus detecting informative regions in the input images. Recently, these methods have been widely adapted to the time series domain, aiming to identify important temporal regions in a time series. This paper extends our former work on identifying the systematic failure of such methods in the time series domain to produce relevant results when informative patterns are based on underlying latent information rather than temporal regions. First, we both visually and quantitatively assess the quality of explanations provided by multiple state-of-the-art saliency methods, including Integrated Gradients, Deep-Lift, Kernel SHAP, and Lime using univariate simulated time series data with temporal or latent patterns. In addition, to emphasize the severity of the latent feature saliency detection problem, we also run experiments on a real-world predictive maintenance dataset with known latent patterns. We identify Integrated Gradients, Deep-Lift, and the input-cell attention mechanism as potential candidates for refinement to yield latent saliency scores. Finally, we provide recommendations on using saliency methods for time series classification and suggest a guideline for developing latent saliency methods for time series.","PeriodicalId":93033,"journal":{"name":"Machine learning and knowledge extraction","volume":"23 1","pages":"539-559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90893026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alzheimer's Disease Detection from Fused PET and MRI Modalities Using an Ensemble Classifier 使用集成分类器从融合PET和MRI模式检测阿尔茨海默病

Machine learning and knowledge extraction Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.3390/make5020031

A. Shukla, Rajeev Tiwari, Shamik Tiwari

{"title":"Alzheimer's Disease Detection from Fused PET and MRI Modalities Using an Ensemble Classifier","authors":"A. Shukla, Rajeev Tiwari, Shamik Tiwari","doi":"10.3390/make5020031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make5020031","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an old-age disease that comes in different stages and directly affects the different regions of the brain. The research into the detection of AD and its stages has new advancements in terms of single-modality and multimodality approaches. However, sustainable techniques for the detection of AD and its stages still require a greater extent of research. In this study, a multimodal image-fusion method is initially proposed for the fusion of two different modalities, i.e., PET (Positron Emission Tomography) and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). Further, the features obtained from fused and non-fused biomarkers are passed to the ensemble classifier with a Random Forest-based feature selection strategy. Three classes of Alzheimer’s disease are used in this work, namely AD, MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment) and CN (Cognitive Normal). In the resulting analysis, the Binary classifications, i.e., AD vs. CN and MCI vs. CN, attained an accuracy (Acc) of 99% in both cases. The class AD vs. MCI detection achieved an adequate accuracy (Acc) of 91%. Furthermore, the Multi Class classification, i.e., AD vs. MCI vs. CN, achieved 96% (Acc).","PeriodicalId":93033,"journal":{"name":"Machine learning and knowledge extraction","volume":"8 1","pages":"512-538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80634773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A Probabilistic Transformation of Distance-Based Outliers 基于距离的离群值的概率变换

Machine learning and knowledge extraction Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/make5030042

David Muhr, M. Affenzeller, Josef Küng

{"title":"A Probabilistic Transformation of Distance-Based Outliers","authors":"David Muhr, M. Affenzeller, Josef Küng","doi":"10.3390/make5030042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make5030042","url":null,"abstract":"The scores of distance-based outlier detection methods are difficult to interpret, and it is challenging to determine a suitable cut-off threshold between normal and outlier data points without additional context. We describe a generic transformation of distance-based outlier scores into interpretable, probabilistic estimates. The transformation is ranking-stable and increases the contrast between normal and outlier data points. Determining distance relationships between data points is necessary to identify the nearest-neighbor relationships in the data, yet most of the computed distances are typically discarded. We show that the distances to other data points can be used to model distance probability distributions and, subsequently, use the distributions to turn distance-based outlier scores into outlier probabilities. Over a variety of tabular and image benchmark datasets, we show that the probabilistic transformation does not impact outlier ranking (ROC AUC) or detection performance (AP, F1), and increases the contrast between normal and outlier score distributions (statistical distance). The experimental findings indicate that it is possible to transform distance-based outlier scores into interpretable probabilities with increased contrast between normal and outlier samples. Our work generalizes to a wide range of distance-based outlier detection methods, and, because existing distance computations are used, it adds no significant computational overhead.","PeriodicalId":93033,"journal":{"name":"Machine learning and knowledge extraction","volume":"569 1","pages":"782-802"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83496234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Biologically Inspired Self-Organizing Computational Model to Mimic Infant Learning 模仿婴儿学习的生物学启发自组织计算模型

Machine learning and knowledge extraction Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.3390/make5020030

Karthik Santhanaraj, Dinakaran Devaraj, Ramya Mm, J. Dhanraj, K. Ramanathan

{"title":"Biologically Inspired Self-Organizing Computational Model to Mimic Infant Learning","authors":"Karthik Santhanaraj, Dinakaran Devaraj, Ramya Mm, J. Dhanraj, K. Ramanathan","doi":"10.3390/make5020030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make5020030","url":null,"abstract":"Recent technological advancements have fostered human–robot coexistence in work and residential environments. The assistive robot must exhibit humane behavior and consistent care to become an integral part of the human habitat. Furthermore, the robot requires an adaptive unsupervised learning model to explore unfamiliar conditions and collaborate seamlessly. This paper introduces variants of the growing hierarchical self-organizing map (GHSOM)-based computational models for assistive robots, which constructs knowledge from unsupervised exploration-based learning. Traditional self-organizing map (SOM) algorithms have shortcomings, including finite neuron structure, user-defined parameters, and non-hierarchical adaptive architecture. The proposed models overcome these limitations and dynamically grow to form problem-dependent hierarchical feature clusters, thereby allowing associative learning and symbol grounding. Infants can learn from their surroundings through exploration and experience, developing new neuronal connections as they learn. They can also apply their prior knowledge to solve unfamiliar problems. With infant-like emergent behavior, the presented models can operate on different problems without modifications, producing new patterns not present in the input vectors and allowing interactive result visualization. The proposed models are applied to the color, handwritten digits clustering, finger identification, and image classification problems to evaluate their adaptiveness and infant-like knowledge building. The results show that the proposed models are the preferred generalized models for assistive robots.","PeriodicalId":93033,"journal":{"name":"Machine learning and knowledge extraction","volume":"46 1","pages":"491-511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76167857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the Coverage and Depth of Latent Dirichlet Allocation Topic Model in Comparison with Human Coding of Qualitative Data: The Case of Education Research 评价潜在狄利克雷分配主题模型与人类定性数据编码的覆盖范围和深度——以教育研究为例

Machine learning and knowledge extraction Pub Date : 2023-05-14 DOI: 10.3390/make5020029

Gaurav Nanda, A. Jaiswal, Hugo Castellanos, Yuzhe Zhou, Alex Choi, Alejandra J. Magana

{"title":"Evaluating the Coverage and Depth of Latent Dirichlet Allocation Topic Model in Comparison with Human Coding of Qualitative Data: The Case of Education Research","authors":"Gaurav Nanda, A. Jaiswal, Hugo Castellanos, Yuzhe Zhou, Alex Choi, Alejandra J. Magana","doi":"10.3390/make5020029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make5020029","url":null,"abstract":"Fields in the social sciences, such as education research, have started to expand the use of computer-based research methods to supplement traditional research approaches. Natural language processing techniques, such as topic modeling, may support qualitative data analysis by providing early categories that researchers may interpret and refine. This study contributes to this body of research and answers the following research questions: (RQ1) What is the relative coverage of the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic model and human coding in terms of the breadth of the topics/themes extracted from the text collection? (RQ2) What is the relative depth or level of detail among identified topics using LDA topic models and human coding approaches? A dataset of student reflections was qualitatively analyzed using LDA topic modeling and human coding approaches, and the results were compared. The findings suggest that topic models can provide reliable coverage and depth of themes present in a textual collection comparable to human coding but require manual interpretation of topics. The breadth and depth of human coding output is heavily dependent on the expertise of coders and the size of the collection; these factors are better handled in the topic modeling approach.","PeriodicalId":93033,"journal":{"name":"Machine learning and knowledge extraction","volume":"91 ","pages":"473-490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72422652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Multi-Input Machine Learning Approach to Classifying Sex Trafficking from Online Escort Advertisements 一种多输入机器学习方法对在线应召广告中的性交易进行分类

Machine learning and knowledge extraction Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.3390/make5020028

L. Summers, Alyssa N. Shallenberger, John Cruz, Lawrence V. Fulton

{"title":"A Multi-Input Machine Learning Approach to Classifying Sex Trafficking from Online Escort Advertisements","authors":"L. Summers, Alyssa N. Shallenberger, John Cruz, Lawrence V. Fulton","doi":"10.3390/make5020028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/make5020028","url":null,"abstract":"Sex trafficking victims are often advertised through online escort sites. These ads can be publicly accessed, but law enforcement lacks the resources to comb through hundreds of ads to identify those that may feature sex-trafficked individuals. The purpose of this study was to implement and test multi-input, deep learning (DL) binary classification models to predict the probability of an online escort ad being associated with sex trafficking (ST) activity and aid in the detection and investigation of ST. Data from 12,350 scraped and classified ads were split into training and test sets (80% and 20%, respectively). Multi-input models that included recurrent neural networks (RNN) for text classification, convolutional neural networks (CNN, specifically EfficientNetB6 or ENET) for image/emoji classification, and neural networks (NN) for feature classification were trained and used to classify the 20% test set. The best-performing DL model included text and imagery inputs, resulting in an accuracy of 0.82 and an F1 score of 0.70. More importantly, the best classifier (RNN + ENET) correctly identified 14 of 14 sites that had classification probability estimates of 0.845 or greater (1.0 precision); precision was 96% for the multi-input model (NN + RNN + ENET) when only the ads associated with the highest positive classification probabilities (>0.90) were considered (n = 202 ads). The models developed could be productionalized and piloted with criminal investigators, as they could potentially increase their efficiency in identifying potential ST victims.","PeriodicalId":93033,"journal":{"name":"Machine learning and knowledge extraction","volume":"101 1","pages":"460-472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80783006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tree-Structured Model with Unbiased Variable Selection and Interaction Detection for Ranking Data 排序数据的无偏变量选择和交互检测树结构模型

Machine learning and knowledge extraction Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.3390/make5020027

Yu-Shan Shih, Yi-Hung Kung

引用次数: 0