{"title":"Beyond Individual Lives: Using Comparative Osteobiography to Trace Social Patterns in Classical Italy.","authors":"John Robba","doi":"10.5744/bi.2019.1008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/bi.2019.1008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteobiographical studies have usually focused upon investigating an individual's life experience. However, we can also understand variation in the shape of the life course itself as an object of study: Are there common patterns for how lives unfold within a society? Are there events or experiences that channel life courses? This approach to the life course can be adopted for ancient as well as for modern lives. A key element here is developing new methodologies for characterizing and comparing how lives develop through time, for instance, by ordering biological data in sequence, looking for time-structured patterns in them both by eye and through multivariate statistics. This article presents an initial exploration of this problem, using skeletal and archaeological data on 47 adults from the fifth to third centuries B.C. at Pontecagnano, an urban site in Campania, Italy. The results show both the importance of gender in the life course and the effects of different kinds of physical stress, probably due to specialization in labor. The result is not discrete categories of people but fuzzy envelopes of life possibilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":92991,"journal":{"name":"Bioarchaeology international","volume":"3 1","pages":"58-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7250650/pdf/EMS86392.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37977274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Osteobiography: A Platform for Bioarchaeological Research.","authors":"Lauren Hosek, John Robb","doi":"10.5744/bi.2019.1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/bi.2019.1005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteobiography provides a rich basis for understanding the past, but its conceptual framework has not been outlined systematically. It stands in conceptual opposition to a traditional statistical approach to bioarchaeology modeled upon clinical studies in biomedicine, but is interdependent with it. As such, its position mirrors those of clinical case histories as opposed to statistical studies, participant-observation ethnography as opposed to quantitative sociology, and microhistory and biography as opposed to quantitative history. Such disciplinary comparisons provide a framework for exploring the strengths and weaknesses of osteobiography. It is not merely a tool for engagingly illustrating the \"typical\" life history as established statistically. Rather, it allows us to understand issues that population studies cannot explore. These include both analytical directions (exploring the complexity of deeply layered data, understanding the role of contingency in human lives, integrating osteological and cultural evidence) and philosophical directions (the interaction of material and conceptual factors in the creation of human bodies, embodiment, the experience of time).</p>","PeriodicalId":92991,"journal":{"name":"Bioarchaeology international","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7254840/pdf/EMS86390.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37984396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John Robb, Sarah A Inskip, Craig Cessford, Jenna Dittmar, Toomas Kivisild, Piers D Mitchell, Bram Mulder, Tamsin C O'Connell, Mary E Price, Alice Rose, Christiana Scheib
{"title":"Osteobiography: The History of the Body as Real Bottom-Line History.","authors":"John Robb, Sarah A Inskip, Craig Cessford, Jenna Dittmar, Toomas Kivisild, Piers D Mitchell, Bram Mulder, Tamsin C O'Connell, Mary E Price, Alice Rose, Christiana Scheib","doi":"10.5744/bi.2019.1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/bi.2019.1006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>What is osteobiography good for? The last generation of archaeologists fought to overcome the traditional assumption that archaeology is merely ancillary to history, a substitute to be used when written sources are defective; it is now widely acknowledged that material histories and textual histories tell equally valid and complementary stories about the past. Yet the traditional assumption hangs on implicitly in biography: osteobiography is used to fill the gaps in the textual record rather than as a primary source in its own right. In this article we compare the textual biographies and material biographies of two thirteenth-century townsfolk from medieval England-Robert Curteis, attested in legal records, and \"Feature 958,\" excavated archaeologically and studied osteobiographically. As the former shows, textual biographies of ordinary people mostly reveal a few traces of financial or legal transactions. Interpreting these traces, in fact, implicitly presumes a history of the body. Osteobiography reveals a different kind of history, the history of the body as a locus of appearance and social identity, work, health and experience. For all but a few textually rich individuals, osteobiography provides a fuller and more human biography. Moreover, textual visibility is deeply biased by class and gender; osteobiography offers particular promise for Marxist and feminist understandings of the past.</p>","PeriodicalId":92991,"journal":{"name":"Bioarchaeology international","volume":"3 1","pages":"16-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7250652/pdf/EMS86391.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37977273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Specialized studies","authors":"Mark Q. Sutton","doi":"10.1017/9781787443013.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781787443013.009","url":null,"abstract":"Specialized Studies enables students to develop their own majors and degree plans by combining courses from different departments to create a focused outcome. Students who find that Canisius does not offer majors that match their interests, talents, future goals and employment niches may propose their own plans of study based on existing coursework. A student does this by seeking the assistance of the associate dean and two faculty members to assist with creating a plan of study and goal counseling.","PeriodicalId":92991,"journal":{"name":"Bioarchaeology international","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77144951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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