Journal of community medicine (Reno, Nev.)最新文献

A Health Survey of African American Men Seen at an Academic Medical Center in the Southern United States. 在美国南部一个学术医疗中心对非裔美国人的健康调查。

Journal of community medicine (Reno, Nev.) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-13

Steven S Coughlin, Deepak Nag Ayyala, Justin Xavier Moore, Ban A Majeed, Marlo M Vernon, Hayat Dergaga, John S Luque

{"title":"A Health Survey of African American Men Seen at an Academic Medical Center in the Southern United States.","authors":"Steven S Coughlin, Deepak Nag Ayyala, Justin Xavier Moore, Ban A Majeed, Marlo M Vernon, Hayat Dergaga, John S Luque","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: African Americans have poorer cardiovascular health and higher chronic disease mortality than non-Hispanic whites. The high burden of chronic diseases among African Americans is a primary cause of disparities in life expectancy between African Americans and whites.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study via a postal survey among a sample of 65 male, African American patients aged ≥ 40 years. The overall objective was to examine the frequency of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, asthma, emphysema, and cancer among patients treated at Augusta University Health.Results: A high percentage of study participants (81.5 %) reported a history of high blood pressure; 50.8% had high cholesterol; 44.3% were overweight, 44.3% were obese, and 13.9% were current cigarette smokers. About 36.9% of the men had a reported history of diabetes; 10.8% of the men had a history of heart attack, 13.9% had a history of congestive heart failure, 9.2% had a history of stroke, and 15.4% had a history of prostate cancer. Men who reported a personal history of prostate cancer were significantly more likely to have a history of heart attack and stroke and to be overweight (p < 0.05 in each instance).Discussion: Additional studies are needed of cardiovascular risk factors and adverse cardiovascular events among African American men, and interventional research aimed at controlling hypertension. Of particular concern is prostate cancer, and whether patients with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes are receiving appropriate therapy to reduce their cardiovascular risk and prevent morbidity and mortality from adverse cardiovascular events.","PeriodicalId":92921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine (Reno, Nev.)","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8478342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39472727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determining the Accuracy of Blood Pressure to Height Ratio as a Screening Tool for Hypertension among Egyptian Children 确定血压身高比作为埃及儿童高血压筛查工具的准确性

Journal of community medicine (Reno, Nev.) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.21608/ejcm.2020.68616

S. Bahgat

{"title":"Determining the Accuracy of Blood Pressure to Height Ratio as a Screening Tool for Hypertension among Egyptian Children","authors":"S. Bahgat","doi":"10.21608/ejcm.2020.68616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2020.68616","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypertension diagnosis in children is difficult because of the multiple sex, age, and height-specific thresholds to define elevated blood pressure (BP). Blood pressureto-height ratio (BPHR) has been used to facilitate the identification of elevated BP in children. Methods: From January to June 2017, a cross-sectional study was conducted for 830 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years in Abu Kabir city, Sharkia governorate, Egypt. Blood pressure tables from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP) Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents were used as our standard of comparison. Sex-specific systolic and diastolic blood pressure-to-height ratios (SBPHR and DBPHR) were calculated. Receiver operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess the accuracy of BPHR for discriminating between hypertensive and non-hypertensive adolescents. Results: The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension were 8.4% and 4.9% respectively. Optimal SBPHR and DBPHR thresholds for defining elevated BP were 0.741 and 0.475 in males, respectively, and 0.750 and 0.494 in females, respectively. The sensitivity of SBPHR and DBPHR in both sexes was all above 93%, and specificity in both sexes was above 94%. Positive predictive value for SBPHR and DBPHR was 76.4% for both in males; and 71.4% and 71.6% in females respectively; negative predictive values in both sexes were all above 98%. Conclusions: BPHR is a simple screening tool with high sensitivity and specificity for screening hypertension in adolescents.","PeriodicalId":92921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine (Reno, Nev.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68474690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Health professionals’ knowledge about prevention and control of leishmaniosis 卫生专业人员对预防和控制利什曼病的知识

Journal of community medicine (Reno, Nev.) Pub Date : 2019-01-21 DOI: 10.33582/2637-4900/1011

Graziella B Alves, T. C. Oliveira, Nicole Alessandra Nodari, Larianne Maria Belloto de Francisco, W. Nagata, J. Gomes, K. Bresciani

引用次数: 5

Entrenched deterrents to obesity prevention necessitate radical measures 阻碍肥胖预防的根深蒂固的因素需要采取激进的措施

Journal of community medicine (Reno, Nev.) Pub Date : 2018-12-14 DOI: 10.33582/2637-4900/1009

James L DeBoy

引用次数: 0

Social and structural vulnerability to HIV infection in Uganda: A multilevel modelling of AIDS indicators survey data, 2004-2005 and 2011 乌干达易受艾滋病毒感染的社会和结构脆弱性：2004-2005年和2011年艾滋病指标调查数据的多层次建模

Journal of community medicine (Reno, Nev.) Pub Date : 2018-09-26 DOI: 10.33582/2637-4900/1008

P. Igulot, M. Magadi

{"title":"Social and structural vulnerability to HIV infection in Uganda: A multilevel modelling of AIDS indicators survey data, 2004-2005 and 2011","authors":"P. Igulot, M. Magadi","doi":"10.33582/2637-4900/1008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33582/2637-4900/1008","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) continues to exhibit inequalities in HIV epidemic. As of 2017, about 69.5% of people living with HIV, 64% of new infections and 73% HIV-related deaths were in SSA. Most HIV research conducted in the continent has focused on individual-level factors. \u0000 \u0000Objectives: This research identifies social and structural factors that increase vulnerability to HIV; and estimates the effect of community-level factors in increasing vulnerability to HIV infection. \u0000 \u0000Methods: Multilevel binary logistic regression is applied to 39,766 individual cases with HIV test results obtained in 887 clusters of Uganda HIV/AIDS Indicators Survey conducted in 2004-2005 and 2011. \u0000 \u0000Findings: After controlling for individual-level factors, living in a community with a higher proportion of wealthy households (Average Odds Ratio=1.07, CI [1.03–1.11], with more former married individuals (AOR=1.21, CI [1.09–1.33]), with a higher proportion of people drunk with alcohol before unsafe sex (AOR=1.11, CI [1.05–1.18]), and living in a community where a higher proportion of people believe it is okay for a woman to ask her sexual partner to use a condom (AOR=1.08, CI [1.02–1.15]) was significantly associated with being HIV positive. However, living in a community where a higher proportion of men practiced polygamy was associated with reduced vulnerability to the risk of HIV infection (AOR=0.91, CI [0.85–0.98]). \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Community factors influence vulnerability to the risk of HIV infection in Uganda. Immediate efforts to prevent HIV infection need to focus on community awareness about the influence of these factors, and long-term efforts need to address the broader determinants of these practices.","PeriodicalId":92921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community medicine (Reno, Nev.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45516529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Healthcare ethics and the law- Why law pervades medicine 医疗伦理与法律——为什么法律贯穿医学

Journal of community medicine (Reno, Nev.) Pub Date : 2018-05-07 DOI: 10.33582/2637-4900/1007

Al Giwa

引用次数: 0

Smoke exposure following domestic pollution: Prevention and community medicine improvement 家庭污染后的烟雾暴露:预防与社区医学改善

Journal of community medicine (Reno, Nev.) Pub Date : 2018-04-27 DOI: 10.33582/2637-4900/1006

David Baguma

引用次数: 0

The research advancement of fibroblast on diabetic non-healing skin wound 成纤维细胞在糖尿病不愈合皮肤创伤中的研究进展

Journal of community medicine (Reno, Nev.) Pub Date : 2018-04-11 DOI: 10.33582/2637-4900/1005

Juan Du

引用次数: 1

Neighborhood and social influences on blood pressure: An exploration of causation in the explanatory models of hypertension among African Americans 邻里和社会对血压的影响:非裔美国人高血压解释模型的因果关系探讨

Journal of community medicine (Reno, Nev.) Pub Date : 2018-01-31 DOI: 10.33582/2637-4900/1002

K. Koehler, L. Lewis, P. Cronholm

引用次数: 5

Emergency department patients who leave without being seen (LWBS): A population-based study in Veneto region, Italy 急诊科的病人离开没有被看到(LWBS):一项人口为基础的研究在威尼托地区，意大利

Journal of community medicine (Reno, Nev.) Pub Date : 2018-01-26 DOI: 10.33582/2637-4900/1001

M. Saia, M. Fonzo

引用次数: 4