Brain Research Reviews最新文献_第7页

Hippocampal cell loss and neurogenesis after fetal alcohol exposure: Insights from different rodent models 胎儿酒精暴露后海马细胞损失和神经发生:来自不同啮齿动物模型的见解

Brain Research Reviews Pub Date : 2010-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.04.011

Joana Gil-Mohapel , Fanny Boehme , Leah Kainer , Brian R. Christie

{"title":"Hippocampal cell loss and neurogenesis after fetal alcohol exposure: Insights from different rodent models","authors":"Joana Gil-Mohapel , Fanny Boehme , Leah Kainer , Brian R. Christie","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.04.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Prenatal ethanol exposure is invariably detrimental to the developing central nervous system<span> and the hippocampus is particularly sensitive to the teratogenic effects of ethanol. Prenatal ethanol exposure has been shown to result in hippocampal cell loss, altered neuronal morphology and impaired performance on hippocampal-dependent learning and memory tasks in rodents. The </span></span>dentate gyrus<span> (DG) of the hippocampus is one of the few brain regions where neurogenesis continues into adulthood. This process appears to have functional significance and these newly generated neurons are believed to play important functions in learning and memory. Recently, several groups have shown that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is compromised in animal models of </span></span>fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The direction and magnitude of any changes in neurogenesis, however, appear to depend on a variety of factors that include: the rodent model used; the blood alcohol concentration achieved; the developmental time point when alcohol was administered; and the frequency of ethanol exposure. In this review we will provide an overview of the different rodent models of FASD that are commonly used in this research, emphasizing each of their strengths and limitations. We will also present an up-to-date summary on the effects of prenatal/neonatal ethanol exposure on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cell loss, highlighting some of the possible molecular mechanisms that might be involved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9291,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Reviews","volume":"64 2","pages":"Pages 283-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.04.011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28990096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 185

Looking at the blood–brain barrier: Molecular anatomy and possible investigation approaches 观察血脑屏障:分子解剖学和可能的研究方法

Brain Research Reviews Pub Date : 2010-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.05.003

Filipa Lourenço Cardoso, Dora Brites, Maria Alexandra Brito

{"title":"Looking at the blood–brain barrier: Molecular anatomy and possible investigation approaches","authors":"Filipa Lourenço Cardoso, Dora Brites, Maria Alexandra Brito","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic and complex interface between blood and the central nervous system that strictly controls the exchanges between the blood and brain compartments, therefore playing a key role in brain homeostasis and providing protection against many toxic compounds and pathogens. In this review, the unique properties of brain microvascular endothelial cells and </span>intercellular junctions are examined. The specific interactions between endothelial cells and </span>basement membrane as well as neighboring perivascular pericytes, glial cells and neurons, which altogether constitute the neurovascular unit and play an essential role in both health and function of the central nervous system, are also explored. Some relevant pathways across the endothelium, as well as mechanisms involved in the regulation of BBB permeability, and the emerging role of the BBB as a signaling interface are addressed as well. Furthermore, we summarize some of the experimental approaches that can be used to monitor BBB properties and function in a variety of conditions and have allowed recent advances in BBB knowledge. Elucidation of the molecular anatomy and dynamics of the BBB is an essential step for the development of new strategies directed to maintain or restore BBB integrity and barrier function and ultimately preserve the delicate interstitial brain environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9291,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Reviews","volume":"64 2","pages":"Pages 328-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.05.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29170023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 535

Language comprehension in the bilingual brain: fMRI and ERP support for psycholinguistic models 双语脑的语言理解:功能磁共振成像和ERP对心理语言学模型的支持

Brain Research Reviews Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.03.002

Walter J.B. van Heuven , Ton Dijkstra

引用次数: 196

Between molecules and experience: Role of early patterns of coordinated activity for the development of cortical maps and sensory abilities 在分子和经验之间:协调活动的早期模式在皮层地图和感觉能力发展中的作用

Brain Research Reviews Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.03.005

Ileana L. Hanganu-Opatz

{"title":"Between molecules and experience: Role of early patterns of coordinated activity for the development of cortical maps and sensory abilities","authors":"Ileana L. Hanganu-Opatz","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sensory systems processing information<span><span> from the environment rely on precisely formed and refined neuronal networks that build maps of sensory receptor epithelia at different subcortical and cortical levels. These sensory maps share similar principles of function and emerge according to developmental processes common in visual, somatosensory and </span>auditory systems. Whereas molecular cues set the coarse organization of cortico-subcortical topography, its refinement is known to succeed under the influence of experience-dependent electrical activity during critical periods. However, coordinated patterns of activity synchronize the cortico-subcortical networks long before the meaningful impact of environmental inputs on sensory maps. Recent studies elucidated the cellular and network mechanisms underlying the generation of these early patterns of activity and highlighted their similarities across species. Moreover, the experience-independent activity appears to act as a functional template for the maturation of sensory networks and cortico-subcortical maps. A major goal for future research will be to analyze how this early activity interacts with the molecular cues and to determine whether it is permissive or rather supporting for the establishment of sensory topography.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":9291,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Reviews","volume":"64 1","pages":"Pages 160-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.03.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28912437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 121

Distinct patterns of neuronal inputs and outputs of the juxtaparaventricular and suprafornical regions of the lateral hypothalamic area in the male rat 雄性大鼠下丘脑外侧区室旁旁区和皮层上区神经元输入和输出的不同模式

Brain Research Reviews Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.02.002

Joel D. Hahn, Larry W. Swanson

{"title":"Distinct patterns of neuronal inputs and outputs of the juxtaparaventricular and suprafornical regions of the lateral hypothalamic area in the male rat","authors":"Joel D. Hahn, Larry W. Swanson","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have analyzed at high resolution the neuroanatomical connections of the juxtaparaventricular region of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHAjp); as a control and in comparison to this, we also performed a preliminary analysis of a nearby LHA region that is dorsal to the fornix, namely the LHA suprafornical region (LHAs). The connections of these LHA regions were revealed with a coinjection tract-tracing technique involving a retrograde (cholera toxin B subunit) and anterograde (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em><span> leucoagglutinin) tracer. The LHAjp and LHAs together connect with almost every major division of the cerebrum<span> and cerebrospinal trunk, but their connection profiles are markedly different and distinct. In simple terms, the connections of the LHAjp indicate a possible primary role in the modulation of defensive behavior<span>; for the LHAs, a role in the modulation of ingestive behavior is suggested. However, the relation of the LHAjp and LHAs to potential modulation of these behaviors, as indicated by their neuroanatomical connections, appears to be highly integrative as it includes each of the major functional divisions of the nervous system that together determine behavior, i.e., cognitive, state, sensory, and motor. Furthermore, although a primary role is indicated for each region with respect to a particular mode of behavior, intermode modulation of behavior is also indicated. In summary, the extrinsic connections of the LHAjp and LHAs (so far as we have described them) suggest that these regions have a profoundly integrative role in which they may participate in the orchestrated modulation of elaborate behavioral repertoires.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":9291,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Reviews","volume":"64 1","pages":"Pages 14-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.02.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28725763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 109

Traumatic brain injury, major depression, and diffusion tensor imaging: Making connections 创伤性脑损伤、重度抑郁症和弥散张量成像:建立联系

Brain Research Reviews Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.04.003

Jerome J. Maller , Richard H.S. Thomson , Philip M. Lewis , Stephen E. Rose , Kerstin Pannek , Paul B. Fitzgerald

{"title":"Traumatic brain injury, major depression, and diffusion tensor imaging: Making connections","authors":"Jerome J. Maller , Richard H.S. Thomson , Philip M. Lewis , Stephen E. Rose , Kerstin Pannek , Paul B. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>It is common for depression to develop after traumatic brain injury<span> (TBI), yet despite poorer recovery, there is a lack in our understanding of whether post-TBI brain changes involved in depression are akin to those in people with depression without TBI. Modern neuroimaging has helped recognize degrees of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) as being related to extent of TBI, but its ability to predict long-term functioning is limited and has not been considered in the context of post-TBI depression. A more recent </span></span>brain imaging technique (diffusion tensor imaging; DTI) can measure the integrity of white matter by measuring the directionality or </span><em>anisotropy</em> of water molecule diffusion along the axons of nerve fibers. <em>Aim:</em> To review DTI results in the TBI and depression literatures to determine whether this can elucidate the etiology of the development of depression after TBI. <em>Method:</em><span><span> We reviewed the TBI/DTI (40 articles) and depression/DTI literatures (17 articles). No articles were found that used DTI to investigate depression post-TBI, although there were some common brain regions identified between the TBI/DTI and depression/DTI studies, including frontotemporal, corpus callosum, and structures contained within the basal ganglia. Specifically, the </span>internal capsule<span><span> was commonly reported to have significantly reduced fractional anisotropy, which agrees with </span>deep brain stimulation studies. </span></span><em>Conclusion:</em> It is suggested that measuring the degree of DAI by utilizing DTI in those with or without depression post-TBI, will greatly enhance prediction of functional outcome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9291,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Reviews","volume":"64 1","pages":"Pages 213-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.04.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28920039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 99

Free colour illustrations in the online version of articles 免费彩色插图在文章的在线版本

Brain Research Reviews Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0165-0173(10)00060-3

引用次数: 0

Targets and consequences of protein SUMOylation in neurons 神经元中SUMOylation蛋白的目标和后果

Brain Research Reviews Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.04.002

Kevin A. Wilkinson, Yasuko Nakamura, Jeremy M. Henley

{"title":"Targets and consequences of protein SUMOylation in neurons","authors":"Kevin A. Wilkinson, Yasuko Nakamura, Jeremy M. Henley","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The post-translational modification of proteins is critical for the spatial and temporal regulation of signalling cascades. This is especially important in the CNS where the processes affecting differentiation, growth, targeting and communication between neurones are highly complex and very tightly regulated. In recent years it has emerged that modification of proteins by members of the SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) family of proteins play key roles in neuronal function. SUMOylation involves the covalent conjugation of a member of the SUMO family to lysine residues in target proteins. Multiple nuclear and perinuclear SUMOylation targets have been reported to be involved in nuclear organisation and transcriptional regulation. In addition, a growing number of extranuclear SUMO substrates have been identified that can have important acute effects on neuronal function. The SUMOylation of both intra- and extranuclear proteins have been implicated in a diverse array of processes that have far-reaching implications for neuronal function and pathophysiology. Here we review the current understanding of the targets and consequences of protein SUMOylation in the brain and examine its established and potential involvement in a wide range of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9291,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Reviews","volume":"64 1","pages":"Pages 195-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.04.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28913647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 133

Genetic influences on cognitive functions in the elderly: A selective review of twin studies 遗传对老年人认知功能的影响:对双胞胎研究的选择性回顾

Brain Research Reviews Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.02.001

Teresa Lee , Julie D. Henry , Julian N. Trollor , Perminder S. Sachdev

{"title":"Genetic influences on cognitive functions in the elderly: A selective review of twin studies","authors":"Teresa Lee , Julie D. Henry , Julian N. Trollor , Perminder S. Sachdev","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this review, we examined the published reports on the heritability of cognitive functioning in old age. Twenty-four papers from five study centers, comprising of participants with a mean age of 65<!--> <span>years and above were examined. The comparability of findings from different studies was compromised by the use of different measures for the same cognitive domain, and with large scale twin studies in cognitive aging limited to a few Scandinavian countries. While the results from cross-sectional samples appear to lend support for the notion that heritability of cognitive functions decreases in the elderly, the findings are best considered inconclusive. Longitudinal reports show little evidence for genetic effects, but an increase in unique environmental influences on the rate of cognitive change as age increases. In relation to the two prominent theories of cognitive aging, the genetic influence on processing speed as a major contributor to cognitive aging has been indicated in three reports, whereas the genetic relationship between executive functions and other cognitive functions has not been explored. Only two studies have focused on sex difference and did not find sex-specific genetic influence in cognitive abilities. This review indicates that there are complex relationships between heritability, environmental influence, and cognitive functions in the elderly. It highlights the need for more research, with consistent and appropriate cognitive measures, with data obtained from larger and more geographically and culturally diverse twin samples.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":9291,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Reviews","volume":"64 1","pages":"Pages 1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.02.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28712126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 66

Electrophysiological measures as potential biomarkers in Huntington's disease: Review and future directions 电生理测量作为亨廷顿病的潜在生物标志物:综述和未来方向

Brain Research Reviews Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.03.004

Lan Nguyen , John L. Bradshaw , Julie C. Stout , Rodney J. Croft , Nellie Georgiou-Karistianis

引用次数: 49