Health psychology bulletin最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Cardiac-induced Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms on Cardiovascular Outcomes: Design and Rationale of the Prospective Observational Reactions to Acute Care and Hospitalizations (ReACH) Study.","authors":"Jeffrey Birk,&nbsp;Ian Kronish,&nbsp;Bernard Chang,&nbsp;Talea Cornelius,&nbsp;Marwah Abdalla,&nbsp;Joseph Schwartz,&nbsp;Joan Duer-Hefele,&nbsp;Alexandra Sullivan,&nbsp;Donald Edmondson","doi":"10.5334/hpb.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/hpb.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>As many as 1 in 8 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to the ACS, and ACS-induced PTSD may increase secondary cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, prior studies have been small and underpowered to test plausible behavioral or biological mechanisms of the hypothesized PTSD-secondary CVD risk association. In this paper, we describe the design and methods of a large prospective observational cohort study to estimate the prognostic significance of ACS-induced PTSD, mechanisms for its association with CVD risk, and emergency department (ED) factors that may increase PTSD risk, in a cohort of patients evaluated for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the ED of a large, urban academic medical center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Reactions to Acute Care and Hospitalization (ReACH) study follows 1,741 racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse patients initially presenting to the ED with ACS symptoms. Psychosocial factors are assessed at baseline. Medication adherence is monitored by electronic pill bottle (eCAP). Participants are contacted by phone at 1-, 6-, and 12-months post-hospitalization to assess PTSD symptoms, hospital readmission, and recurrent CVD events/mortality (proactively searched and confirmed by medical records).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study will provide the most accurate estimates to date of PTSD's association with recurrent CVD events and mortality and will test whether medication adherence mediates that association. Further, it will provide estimates of the contribution of ED and hospital factors to PTSD risk in ACS patients. If our hypotheses are supported, we will have identified PTSD as a novel target for secondary risk reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":92902,"journal":{"name":"Health psychology bulletin","volume":"3 ","pages":"10-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37513192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Smoke-Free Homes Intervention for Parents: An Intervention Mapping Approach.","authors":"Rachel O'Donnell, Ruaraidh Dobson, Marijn de Bruin, Stephen Turner, Lorna Booth, Sean Semple","doi":"10.5334/hpb.20","DOIUrl":"10.5334/hpb.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) is associated with various ill-health outcomes for children and adults. Barriers to creating a smoke-free home (SFH) are well-documented. Feasible and effective interventions to create smoke-free homes for disadvantaged households are lacking. Interventions that include providing parents with objective information about the impact of smoking on air quality in their home may be particularly effective. This study describes the development of a novel, theory- and evidence-based smoke-free homes intervention using objectively-assessed air quality feedback. The intervention was developed using the six-step Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol. Findings from literature reviews, focus groups with parents, interviews with health/care professionals, and expert panel discussions shaped intervention content and materials. Findings highlighted the importance of parents receiving personalised information on second-hand smoke levels in their home. Professionals considered the use of non-judgemental language essential in developed materials. Previous literature highlighted the need to address home smoking behaviour at a household rather than individual level. The AFRESH intervention is modular and designed to be delivered face-to-face by healthcare professionals. It includes up to five meetings with parents, two sets of five days' air quality monitoring and personalised feedback, and the option to involve other household members in creating a smoke-free home using educational, motivational, and goal setting techniques. Further research is needed to evaluate the acceptability and effectiveness of the AFRESH intervention and which specific groups of parents this intervention will most likely benefit. IM was a useful framework for developing this complex intervention. This paper does not present evaluation findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":92902,"journal":{"name":"Health psychology bulletin","volume":"3 1","pages":"67-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7182446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37874741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the Effectiveness of a Short-Term Stress Prevention Programme in\u0000 Primary School Students","authors":"C. Englert, Aline Bechler, Sarah Singh, Alex Bertrams","doi":"10.5334/HPB.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/HPB.11","url":null,"abstract":"The present study tested the effectiveness of a four-week, school-based, universal cognitive-behavioural stress prevention programme. The prevention programme included short daily exercises which were adopted from two well-validated anti stress trainings. The daily exercises took approximately 10−15 minutes on average and were performed during regular classroom sessions. Half of the classes were randomly assigned to the prevention group (n = 80), while the other half were sorted into the non-treatment control group, which did not take part in the stress prevention programme (n = 73). The students’ physical and psychological stress-related symptoms were assessed five times (i.e., prior to the training and after each week of training). Their coping strategies, self-efficacy and self-control were also measured. It was hypothesized that in the prevention group students’ physical and psychological stress-related symptoms would significantly decrease over time, compared to the non-treatment control group. Contrary to our predictions, the prevention programme did not lead to statistically significant changes in physical or psychological stress-related symptoms. The students’ coping strategies, self-efficacy and self-control did not have an influence on the result patterns. The results indicate that short-term stress prevention programmes may not be as effective as long-term programmes.","PeriodicalId":92902,"journal":{"name":"Health psychology bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41697359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}