Journal of public health issues and practices最新文献

{"title":"Tocilizumab as a Treatment for Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients: A systematic review","authors":"Muhammad Huzaimi Haron, M. Isa, Hanisa Syahirah Mohd Rashid, Nur Amanina Adam, Nur Aliah Awang, Muhammad Hairul Faez Halip","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100204","url":null,"abstract":"Tocilizumab is a competitive interleukin-6 inhibitor agent that has been proposed to combat the COVID-19-related hyperinflammatory state, known as a cytokine storm. This systematic review was conducted to study the treatment of cytokine storm by Tocilizumab in COVID-19 patients. The search strategy (“COVID-19” OR “COVID19” OR SARS-CoV-2”) AND “tocilizumab” AND “cytokine storm” AND “inflammatory markers” AND (“ICU stay duration” OR “intensive care unit stay duration”) AND “mechanical ventilation requirement” AND (mortality OR death) were manually searched through Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases spanned from March 2020 to November 2021. The inclusion criteria were: research articles, human study, clinical trial, and articles in English. The exclusion criteria were: review articles, case reports, early access, editorial materials, letters, short survey, in vivo or in vitro studies. Five articles were included in the analysis. There were four countries had conducted the studies (Italy, China, USA and Netherland) with different study designs (observational (80%) and randomized controlled trials (20%)) involving 649 patients (48% received TCZ) among moderate to severe COVID-19 patients. There were variabilities in the TCZ dosage given with some combination with other medication (methylprednisolone, azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir and ritonavir). TCZ reduce death cases significantly. It improves respiratory function, reduces the incidence of respiratory syndrome and less-invasive mechanical ventilation usage. The level of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly higher in the TCZ group. Tocilizumab may increase survival and favourable clinical course, improved hypoxia, accelerate respiratory recovery, lower hospital mortality, reduce the likelihood of invasive mechanical ventilation, improve clinical symptoms, represses the deterioration of patients (prolonging survival) and improve inflammation and immune cell function.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Three Diabetes Risk Screening Tools Among Non-Hispanic Asian Indian Americans: ADA DRT, MDRF IDRS and HbA1c","authors":"Rupal M Patel, R. Misra, Christina Bickley, Katy Mitchell","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100212","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to compare the relationship between two non-invasive screening tools, the American Diabetes Association Diabetes Risk Test (ADA DRT) and the Madras Diabetes Research Foundation Indian Diabetes Risk Score (MDRF IDRS), with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to determine which tool best predicted HbA1c in Asian Indian Americans. Among Asian Americans, Asian Indian Americans have the highest prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (12.6%). Furthermore, they have a unique genetic predisposition as well as cultural and religious lifestyle practices that may contribute to increased risk. Type 2 diabetes screening tools do not address the unique risk characteristics of Asian Indian Americans. We used clinical and survey data from our previous longitudinal study with a convenience sample of adult Asian Indian Americans (n = 70) selected from a community setting. Following the consenting procedure, all participants completed the ADA DRT and MDRF IDRS questionnaires to identify their diabetes risk. After the initial screening, individuals with an MDRF IDRS score of 50 or above (n = 70) were tested for HbA1c within a month. For this, trained volunteers collected capillary blood using standardized protocol. Descriptive statistics were calculated along with Spearman correlations, Chi-Square test of independence, and linear regressions at an alpha level set at p = .05. A significant, positive relationship (rs = .30, p = .01) was found between the MDRF IDRS score and HbA1c. A positive but weak relationship was also found between ADA DRT and HbA1c (rs = .23). The MDRF IDRS was a better predictor of diabetes risk in Asian Indian Americans than ADA DRT. The MDRF IDRS is a validated, simple, low-cost tool for the detection of diabetes risk in high-risk Asian Indian Americans. Hence, it is a good tool to use for community screenings and patient education for the prevention and management of the risk of Type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69689274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theory of Creative Winds","authors":"Javier Crespo","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100197","url":null,"abstract":"The individualism of being is a legend. Humans rarely think for ourselves. What made Homo sapiens an advantage over other living beings and made us masters of the planet was not our individual rationality, but our ability to think collectively in large groups. This is how we were able to defeat Homo Near dental, innovate, create families, etc. Well, the Theory of Creative Winds explains the origin of Creativity, through the creative energy that human beings produce when we decide to think together. Many people are familiar with creative energy in a spiritual way. The Theory of Creative Winds transforms that spirituality into a real visual process that helps us put order to our creative process, both individually and collectively, so that all projects can become a reality. In this theory we will discover how our creative capacity is totally linked to our values as people and our environment. We will delve into a way of seeing the creative process different from how we saw it until now, putting order to countless concepts of our day to day that we did not know were key to generating creative energy. The Theory of Creative Winds tries to show that the concept of Creativity is more than a concept, it is a way of living life in which we all want to or are not immersed in it. As with nature, we are key significant airborne particles that feed the winds that form causing life to exist.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Student Perceptions Before and After Interprofessional International Medical Mission APPEs to Honduras","authors":"Craig Kimble, Tyler B. Clay, R. Stanton, Amber Payne, O. Attarabeen","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100195","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study evaluated student perceptions before and after completing a five-week Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) in International Healthcare focused on Medical Missions. Our objective was to understand how a medical mission APPE course meets student expectations, expanded interprofessional skills, and the impact the medical mission APPEs had on student’s cultural sensitivity and empathetic approach to patient care. Methods: Two anonymous surveys were used to assess APPE student’s perceptions. These were conducted over 2 years with the first survey administered prior to trip departure. The second survey was administered after the in-country experience but prior to the end of the course. Survey results were compared to identify changes in perspectives related to providing patient care and to ensure students met course objectives. Additionally, in the surveys, students were asked to reflect on learning experiences including interprofessional clinics, medication distribution, empathy, and the Honduran healthcare system. Results: Student’s primary motivation for taking this APPE elective was their desire to help others. Students reflected on the difficulties in communication with patients who spoke another language where access to technology was limited and they had to rely on interpreters. Prior to trip, a large percentage of the students on the survey did not demonstrate an understanding of the depth of poverty experienced in Honduras. Post–trip perceptions confirmed the change in perception versus reality when experiencing life in a developing country. Survey results suggested this APPE experience was a life changing one for them (67%) and changed their perception of patients as a healthcare provider (83%). Conclusions: Results of this study demonstrate the value of exposing students to healthcare in a developing country as a component of the APPE curriculum. Even more important is recognizing the need for schools of pharmacy, experiential consortiums, and professional organizations to partner to ensure the continuation of these experiences post-pandemic. Students indicated this was a life-changing experience, recommended this as a course for other students to take, and stated this course would markedly affect them in their approach to providing empathetic patient care.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Kidney Disease Staging Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Kedah, Malaysia: Prevalence and its Factor Associated","authors":"Abdul Hadi Mohd Zuki, Mohamad Rodi Isa","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100198","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is often associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is one of the significant predictors of the development of CKD. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors for CKD among diabetes type II diabetes mellitus patients. This cross-sectional study using secondary data from National Diabetes Registry’s (NDR) audited patients for the year of 2018 to 2020 at Padang Terap, Kedah. All audited patients were included in the analysis of the study. The eGFR was calculated from serum creatinine value and classified into CKD status based on KDIGO classification. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associated factors. A total of 963 patients were involved in this study. The prevalence of CKD among T2DM patients was 38.6% (95% CI: 35.5, 41.7). The factors associated with CKD among T2DM patients were age group (p<0.05), female [adj. OR: 1.974 (95%CI: 1.460, 2.669). triglyceride [Adj. OR: 1.263 (95%CI: 1.099, 1.451)], high density lipoprotein [Adj. OR: 0.663 (95%CI: 0.425, 0.989)] and patients received calcium channel blocker [Adj. OR = 0.658 (95%CI: 0.499, 0.868)]. The statistical model can discriminate 68.8% [95%CI: 65.4, 73.5), p<0.001]) to predict CKD among DM patients. Age, female, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and treatment with calcium channel blocker were found to be significant factors for CKD among T2DM patients. Treating patients with anti-hypertensive and anti-hyperlipidemic are very important to reduce the prevalence of CKD among T2DM patients.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Global Impact of COVID-19 Misinformation and Politicization on Vaccination Compliance","authors":"R. Buckingham, R. Ferretti, B. Adams, Timolin Kepon","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100201","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccine hesitancy regarding the COVID-19 vaccine is widespread and disadvantageous. Anti-vax beliefs threaten health systems and open pathways for reemerging infectious diseases. In order to begin a return to normalcy around the world, high vaccination rates are necessary but are not currently being witnessed. This paper discusses two hypotheses to explain the hesitancy surrounding the COVID-19 vaccine: exposure to misinformation and the politicization of COVID-19. Misinformation and politicization by governments, political parties, and the media will continue to make the COVID-19 pandemic more harmful than it needs to be.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposing an Educational Video: Preventing Airway Occlusion with Infants in Supported Sitting","authors":"Margaret L. Alston, Malliga Jambulingam","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100210","url":null,"abstract":"Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) includes the full spectrum of all infant death causes, which include “Determined” causes [e.g. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) at 42% and Accidental Suffocation and Strangulation at 24%], as well as “Undetermined” causes at 34% [1]. Literature is replete with studies that address the risk factors associated with SIDS, accounting for at least 42% of infant mortality [1]. Scarce to find, however, is public health education or learning opportunities that address the mechanism of brain injury and death by Positional Asphyxiation (PA). Better yet, in the current day of popular social media platforms and cell phone apps, there should be readily available video education on the topic where the focus is on PA risk factors and prevention. Viewing should be required of new parents and caretakers, as well as to health professionals, including pediatric clinical trainees who specialize in infant care. Other suggested locations for viewing would be hospital postpartum delivery suites and pediatric waiting rooms.The accidental but preventable phenomenon of PA gives rise to the annual occurrence rate of 2.8 – 3.0% (98-105 deaths) in healthy infants who have no pre-existing medical conditions, including prematurity. They die from SUID primarily in car seats, accounting for 69% of deaths in sitting devices [1]. Webster’s Dictionary defines PA as, “A condition of deficient oxygen supply to the brain and body which occurs when a person’s physical position prevents normal breathing.” Each tragic occurrence is first suspected, then largely confirmed by a combination of investigative reports and the absence of gross or observable findings from post-mortem autopsy--like tissue injury from traumatic injury or inflammatory changes. Additionally, there would be no recorded or known history of a pre-existing medical condition. Given these factors, post-autopsy typically confirms the cause of death as “Undetermined or Unknown.” Perhaps the combination of the low incidence rate of PA and “Undetermined” autopsy reports cause this mechanism of infant mortality to be an “unsung” category of SUID, thus remains in obscurity with respect to disseminated public health education.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69689149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Florida Patient Safety and Pre-Suit Mediation Program for Medical Malpractice Claims: 13-Year Results, COVID-19 Pandemic Implications, Future Innovations, and Blueprint for Nationwide Implementation","authors":"Randall C. Jenkins, Daniel J. D’Alesio Jr, Stephanie C. Gann","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100193","url":null,"abstract":"In 2008, the University of Florida Health system (UF Health) created the Florida Patient Safety and Pre-Suit Mediation Program (FLPSMP) to complement UF Health’s patient experience and loss prevention initiatives. The FLPSMP was designed to timely compensate patients for meritorious medical malpractice claims, reduce frivolous lawsuits, and facilitate early, effective communication between patients and their health care providers and health care facilities, with the benefits of confidential mediation conducted by court-certified experienced medical professional liability mediators. In its first five years, “[T] he program resulted in faster resolution of claims, lower legal expenses, and greater compensation to patients with meritorious claims [1].” After eight years, the FLPSMP continued to demonstrate the benefits of significantly reduced claim receipt-to-resolution times, substantial reduction in defendant legal expenses, and increased net proportionate recovery by claimants, compared to recovery through litigation [2]. This article updates the data to include the first 13 years of the FLPSMP, of which 12 occurred prior to the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak. Additionally, the authors explain the helpful provisions of mediation law in Florida that support the FLPSMP, discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the FLPSMP results, report the perspectives of mediators who participate in the program, and recommend the FLPSMP as a blueprint for expansion nationwide as an alternative dispute resolution model. The analysis continues to demonstrate the positive impact of the program in providing a fair platform for swift resolution of claims, reduction of expense, uncertainty, and delays of protracted litigation for all parties, and settlements with a better net outcome for claimants.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Disparities for Rural Youth","authors":"A. Howard, Bridget Holyfield-Moss, Komanduri S. Murty","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100207","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the complexities surrounding exacerbated health disparities and their impact on rural youth mental health outcomes amid a global pandemic. Indisputably, a host of health, economic, and social challenges are associated with the unprecedented interruption caused by the global pandemic. In the same vein, several challenges and concerns about the overall academic and personal/ social experiences and outcomes of school-aged children have resulted in societal concerns about the overall preparation of this generation to meet the leadership and employment demands of a global society. While the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted chronic issues related to health disparities to include intergenerational health, environmental and socioeconomic disparities, and educational inequities, many of these issues have had a longstanding, disproportionate effect on African American (AA) youth and their families. This is particularly the case with AA youth who live in rural communities, that are largely characterized by persistent poverty along the margins of society. Food and housing insecurities, social isolation, and lack of access to adequate physical and mental health resources are a few of the issues faced by these youth and other individuals who belong to these often tight-knit, rural communities. These issues, along with scarce or no availability of medical and mental health care services reflect larger systemic issues which speak to cultural determinism and social justice.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Preferences for Early Diagnosis of Endometriosis and Associated Determinants in the United States: A Discrete Choice Experiment","authors":"C. Lyttle-Nguessan, V. Diaby","doi":"10.33790/jphip1100196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jphip1100196","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Endometriosis is a chronic and incurable gynecological disease that mainly affects women of reproductive age worldwide. It imposes clinical and economic burdens on patients, families, and society. A better understanding of the determinants of preferences towards early diagnosis of endometriosis may help develop programs and interventions to reduce the risk of more severe illness. We quantified patient preferences for early endometriosis diagnosis and explored whether preferences vary on the patient characteristics and pre-established social determinants of health. Methods: A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was designed to elicit women's preferences and willingness to pay for early diagnosis of endometriosis. Women ages 18 and older were eligible to participate in the study. The attributes (and levels) considered to describe hypothetical scenarios included diagnosis (immediate/postponed), the chance of advanced endometriosis and more severe illness (low/ high), time away from living, and professional activities (8 days, 15 days, 22 days and 30 days), and possible out-of pocket costs ($0, $15, $60 and $210). The effects of participants' characteristics and social determinants of health on the preference for early diagnosis were modeled using a Tobit model. Results: A total of 66 women with (2) or at-risk (64) of endometriosis completed the experiment. The respondents' age and insurance statuses significantly influenced their preference or choice for early diagnosis. On average, respondents were willing to give up $61.55 out-of-pocket cost to have a low risk of advanced endometriosis and more severe disease. The Tobit model indicates only age and insurance variables significantly affected early diagnosis preference. The results suggest that older ages and not having insurance increase the likelihood of respondents choosing early diagnosis than the younger age group and having insurance. Conclusions: This study indicates the importance of considering the patient characteristics and social determinants of health when designing and implementing health programs and interventions for endometriosis.","PeriodicalId":92810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health issues and practices","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69688603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}