Global health innovation最新文献

{"title":"Potential of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation for infection prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 in South Africa","authors":"F. Salie, T. Saidi","doi":"10.15641/ghi.v3i2.1009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15641/ghi.v3i2.1009","url":null,"abstract":"The response to the challenges arising during the COVID-19 pandemic has seen the rapid implementation of innovative technological solutions which have been built on established knowledge and resources. This has been reflected in infection, prevention and control practices (IPC) to minimise the transmission of the disease. In this article, we review ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) as such a technology. We illustrate the way it has traditionally been used in airborne and surface disinfection strategies, and how it has, more recently, been adapted. UVGI has been widely used as an environmental IPC measure against tuberculosis in South Africa, though challenges have been experienced in the implementation of the technology in public healthcare facilities. This has resulted in the development of a knowledge and infrastructure base. We posit that, given the established UVGI resources in South Africa, the technology may be a viable environmental IPC solution for the COVID-19 period and beyond.","PeriodicalId":92515,"journal":{"name":"Global health innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43558809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital health communication in South Africa during COVID-19","authors":"Jaydon Farao","doi":"10.15641/ghi.v3i1.891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15641/ghi.v3i1.891","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92515,"journal":{"name":"Global health innovation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45432646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of sodium dodecyl sulfate to improve tuberculosis sputum smear microscopy.","authors":"Yeya Dit Sadio Sarro,&nbsp;Ousmane Kodio,&nbsp;Alisha Kumar,&nbsp;Bassirou Diarra,&nbsp;Bocar Baya,&nbsp;Seydou Diabate,&nbsp;Bourahima Kone,&nbsp;Fanta Sanogo,&nbsp;Mohamed Tolofoudie,&nbsp;Amadou Somboro,&nbsp;Gagni Coulibaly,&nbsp;Boureima Degoga,&nbsp;Mahamadou Kone,&nbsp;Bindongo Pp Dembele,&nbsp;Issiaka Camara,&nbsp;Moumine Sanogo,&nbsp;Antieme Cg Togo,&nbsp;Nadie Coulibaly,&nbsp;Fatimata Diallo,&nbsp;Etienne Dembele,&nbsp;Brehima Diakite,&nbsp;Seydou Doumbia,&nbsp;Oluwatoyin P Popoola,&nbsp;Souleymane Diallo,&nbsp;Jane Holl,&nbsp;Chad J Achenbach,&nbsp;Robert L Murphy,&nbsp;Sally McFall,&nbsp;Mamoudou Maiga","doi":"10.15641/ghi.v2i2.824","DOIUrl":"10.15641/ghi.v2i2.824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sputum smear microscopy (SSM), the most widely available tool for tuberculosis (TB) detection, has limited performance in paucibacillary patients and requires highly experienced technicians. The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a detergent that thins sputum, at 4% and 10%, improves the detection of acid-fast bacilli (AFB), the clarity of slides, and the biosafety of the technique. Thirty participants with presumptive TB were enrolled. Three independent, blinded technicians examined the slides. Regular sputum concentrated AFB smear and sputum culture were used as standard control methods. Sputum culture was also performed before and after 10% SDS addition for safety analysis. We found that neither SSM with SDS 4% nor SSM with SDS 10% improved the test's performance. However, slides with 4% and 10% SDS, compared with slides prepared without SDS, had significantly better clarity scores. The 10% SDS-prepared sputum samples were all culture negative. While adding SDS detergent does not improve the performance of SSM slides, it does improve the clarity and biosafety. Where experienced technicians are scarce, especially in low resource settings, use of SDS may enhance the ease of slide reading in sputum smear microscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":92515,"journal":{"name":"Global health innovation","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6919652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37471394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Safer Candle Project: preventing fires from fallen candles","authors":"Richard J Cervantes, D. Schulman, S. V. As, A. Niekerk, Cape Town South Africa Childsafe","doi":"10.15641/GHI.V2I1.731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15641/GHI.V2I1.731","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92515,"journal":{"name":"Global health innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43042066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-dose X-ray imaging for paediatric trauma comes of age","authors":"A. B. As, B. Ebrahim","doi":"10.15641/GHI.V2I1.724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15641/GHI.V2I1.724","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92515,"journal":{"name":"Global health innovation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47940971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaging minibus taxi drivers in the quest for child safer roads","authors":"A. Janmohammed, A. Niekerk, Ruwayda Samuels, M. Naidoo, S. V. As, Cape Town South Africa Childsafe","doi":"10.15641/GHI.V2I1.728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15641/GHI.V2I1.728","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa has double the world average child road fatality rate, with at least 1 300 children killed every year. A leading contributor to this public health challenge is the lack of safe public transport that enables children to reach schools easily. Minibus taxis (MBTs), South Africa’s incarnation of paratransit services, have aimed to fill this gap by providing transport at a reasonably priced fare and a relatively higher frequency, compared with other modes of public transport. However, the informal nature of MBTs means that this form of transport places passengers at a relatively higher risk of road accidents due to the use of unroadworthy vehicles, reckless driving and speeding. This paper provides an overview of the Safe Travel To School (STTS) programme, which was initiated in 2014 with a view to providing a localised intervention that would potentially strengthen the safety of MBTs for scholar transport in South Africa. The programme aims to provide safer travel for child passengers by monitoring driver performance through a tracking device installed in each vehicle and rewarding good driver performance each quarter. A driver recruited into the programme also undergoes health tests and training that covers first aid, defensive driving and road safety training. The literature review that each of these components improves driver performance. A previous evaluation of the programme found that since inception, drivers in the programme have shown better driving performance than general motorists. Thus, the STTS programme potentially provides an implementable practice model for safe scholar transport that is oriented towards a developing country like South Africa.","PeriodicalId":92515,"journal":{"name":"Global health innovation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43176878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EDITORIAL: Celebrating a year of existence of Global Health Innovation","authors":"T. Douglas","doi":"10.15641/GHI.V2I1.778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15641/GHI.V2I1.778","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92515,"journal":{"name":"Global health innovation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44125110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Security architecture for a 5G mHealth system","authors":"B. Malila, Tinashe Ernest Mutsvangwa","doi":"10.15641/GHI.V2I1.765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15641/GHI.V2I1.765","url":null,"abstract":"Global health challenges and the proliferation of mobile technologies have been key in the adoption of mHealth for provision of low-cost and equitable healthcare. Evolution of mobile networks to 5G is expected to revolutionise healthcare service delivery due to the stringent performance requirements imposed on 5G. However, because of the open nature of 5G systems, securing patient health information has been identified as a significant barrier to the full adoption of mHealth. In this paper, we propose a security architecture for an mHealth system based on a review of standard principles and guidelines for designing 5G security systems. We present a structured approach for developing and implementing an end-to-end 5G mHealth security system. We propose a security architecture that can be realised using keyless signature infrastructure blockchain, X-tee technology to secure the communication system including hospital and third-party health data networks, physical layer security for securing the wireless interface in access networks, physical unclonable functions, and a trusted execution environment for securing end-user devices. We propose the adoption of network slicing for isolating health systems from other 5G industry verticals. We define system domains that are used to identify security threats and propose mechanisms to mitigate these threats.","PeriodicalId":92515,"journal":{"name":"Global health innovation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45699453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"C-THAN: A new research center for the development of point-of-care technology for HIV/AIDS.","authors":"Sally M McFall, Mamoudou Maiga, Matthew R Glucksberg, Kara M Palamountain, Chad J Achenbach, Robert L Murphy","doi":"10.15641/ghi.v2i2.822","DOIUrl":"10.15641/ghi.v2i2.822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Center for Innovation in Point-of-Care Technologies for HIV/AIDS at Northwestern University (C-THAN) is a partner in the Point-of-Care Technologies Research Network (POCTRN) of the National Institutes of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. POCTRN's mission is to drive the development of appropriate point-of-care (POC) diagnostic technologies through collaboration that merges scientific and technological capabilities with clinical need. C-THAN develops POC technologies for improved management of HIV/AIDS in low- and middle-income countries with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa. C-THAN incorporates clinical and user needs with technology expertise and resources to address commercialization and implementation barriers through: 1) assessment of unmet clinical needs in POC testing for HIV/AIDS and its comorbidities; 2) collaborations with physicians, researchers and engineers; 3) development of technical, clinical, industrial and regulatory partnerships; 4) clinical testing of prototype devices; and 5) creation of training opportunities for technology developers, evaluators, and other stakeholders. Technologies supported include tests for detection and monitoring of HIV/AIDS and its common comorbidities including tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacteria, viral hepatitis and HIV-related malignancies. CTHAN relies on collaborations established by Northwestern University in Nigeria, South Africa, Mali and Tanzania, to have impact on the prevention and clinical management of HIV/AIDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":92515,"journal":{"name":"Global health innovation","volume":"2 2","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8281375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39197183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaged scholarship for health innovation","authors":"Tinashe Ernest Mutsvangwa","doi":"10.15641/GHI.V1I2.686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15641/GHI.V1I2.686","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, an expectation has emerged for innovation to assist in addressing the health challenges of our time. Health innovation achieved through interactionbetweenusers andproducers of knowledgewithin thehealth system(Lundvall, 2015) canbeharnessed for improving health and promoting healthcare service delivery in developing settings (Mayosi et al., 2009, Mayosi et al., 2012). Innovation is required that moves beyond mere technological progression, which often fails to consider the needs of the marginalised, while occasionally serving to increase inequalities (Papaioannou, 2018). For health innovators, it becomes essential to develop partnerships with intended beneficiaries in order to evaluate the contextual suitability of innovations; that is, to innovate for local needs, acceptable to both patient and health-care personnel, while being mindful of the resources available to that group. This also applies to health innovation taking place in academic institutions. The past two and half decades have witnessed a growing movement in the academy to bridge the gap between universities and civil society (Beaulieu, Breton & Brousselle, 2018). Popularised under the term ‘engaged scholarship’, this movement seeks to apply institutional resources to address and solve challenges facing civil society through collaboration with communities (Jordan, 2007). Since we desire health innovations to be impactful, a critical understanding of the social determinants of health, socioeconomic factors, and inequalities must be included in the innovation process. Specifically, the leveraging of tacit knowledge reported by or observed in communities, enables development of community-centred innovations and simplifies innovation diffusion and uptake by the same communities. Engaged scholarship is distinct from other university-civil society relations such as outreach, which in general means dissemination of information or services to public audiences (Jordan, 2007). Engaged scholarship provides a platform that gives due consideration to the target group’s peculiar environments and concerns. This deviates from the traditional approach of ‘one-size fits all’ solutions, towards context-specific ones; it emphasizes a shift in the understanding of the sources of knowledge, and of how knowledge creation, distribution and use link to social improvement (Warren et al., 2014). Engagement suggests “a partnership and a two-way exchange of information, ideas, and expertise as well as shared decision-making” (Jordan, 2007). At the core of engaged scholarship are two values identified by Beaulieu, Breton & Brousselle (2018) in their scoping review of two decades worth of community engagement literature, namely social justice and citizenship. Social justice asks the academic to seek complementarity between their scholarly achievement and the public good, while citizenship compels them to “integrate their role as expert with their role as citizen” (Beaulieu, Breton & Brousselle, 2018). Ado","PeriodicalId":92515,"journal":{"name":"Global health innovation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43219903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}