EMJ. Gastroenterology最新文献_第3页

What Is the Role of the Environment (Exposome) in Inflammatory Bowel Disease? 环境(暴露体)在炎症性肠病中的作用?

EMJ. Gastroenterology Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.33590/emjgastroenterol/22f0317-2

Carlotta Zennaro

{"title":"What Is the Role of the Environment (Exposome) in Inflammatory Bowel Disease?","authors":"Carlotta Zennaro","doi":"10.33590/emjgastroenterol/22f0317-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjgastroenterol/22f0317-2","url":null,"abstract":"OPENING Day 2 of the 17th Congress of European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation (ECCO), James Lindsay, Professor of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK, discussed the influence of the environment on the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The presentation discussed the pathways that mediate environmental impact on IBD as well as the limitations of presently available research, giving a valuable insight into what future studies could be conducted to ultimately determine the role of environmental factors in IBD.\u0000\u0000The present understanding of IBD, an inflammatory disease, which includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is that the condition arises from an immune response to micro-organisms of the intestinal flora in genetically susceptible individuals. In addition to disease pathogenesis, other important aspects such as progression, extraintestinal manifestations, and immunogenicity to therapies, are yet to be well understood. While the genetics base is clear, it does not account for the discordance of disease in monozygotic twins, the increased incidence in second generation immigrants, or the rapid increase in IBD cases in the last 50 years. In light of these observations, Lindsay expressed the importance of examining the role of the environment, which, he stressed, does not comprise a single factor, but a multitude of factors that are likely to impact disease onset and natural history.","PeriodicalId":92504,"journal":{"name":"EMJ. Gastroenterology","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87963737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gastrin-17 Levels in Pre-malignancy Gastritis Lesions 胃泌素-17在恶性前期胃炎病变中的表达

EMJ. Gastroenterology Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.33590/emjgastroenterol/21-00156

S. Halim, Gontar Alamnsyah Siregar

{"title":"Gastrin-17 Levels in Pre-malignancy Gastritis Lesions","authors":"S. Halim, Gontar Alamnsyah Siregar","doi":"10.33590/emjgastroenterol/21-00156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjgastroenterol/21-00156","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gastritis is an inflammatory process on the lining of the stomach that could be caused by various factors. Untreated inflammatory processes could lead to ulcers. Gastrin hormone is released by gastrin-secreting enteroendocrine cells (G cells) in the stomach, which influence the secretion of gastric acid and helps the proliferation of gastric epithelial cells. Its abnormal secretion in H. pylori infection, with food-stimulated excessive release of gastrin, is the most prominent abnormality. One concern is the relationship of excess gastrin secretion to the incidence of gastric cancer. This study aimed to show the difference in gastrin levels on patients with gastritis, both with and without pre-malignant lesions.\u0000\u0000Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study with 40 samples that had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Endoscopy was performed to assess the gastric mucosa and tissue biopsy was performed afterward. The data was analysed in univariate and bivariate ways.\u0000\u0000Results: From this study, 20 people were positive for pre-malignant lesions (50%). Mann–Whitney test analysis was used to analyse the data and showed there was a significant difference between gastrin levels on patients with gastritis with and without pre-malignant lesions, with a p value of 0.01.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: There is a significant difference between gastrin levels in patients with gastritis with and without pre-malignant lesions, which could be the basis for early detection of patients with gastric cancer.","PeriodicalId":92504,"journal":{"name":"EMJ. Gastroenterology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73800013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interview: Michael Farthing 采访:Michael Farthing

EMJ. Gastroenterology Pub Date : 2022-01-04 DOI: 10.33590/emjgastroenterol/10179885

Michael Farthing

引用次数: 0

Jejunojejunal Intussusception as Initial Presentation of Coeliac Disease: A Case Report and Review of Literature 空肠-空肠肠套叠是乳糜泻的最初表现:1例报告及文献复习

EMJ. Gastroenterology Pub Date : 2021-06-14 DOI: 10.33590/EMJGASTROENTEROL/20-00139

M. Saad, F. Ghandour, A. Abdullah, E. Fiani, I. Hajj, E. Saikaly

引用次数: 0

An Overview of Novel and Emerging Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease 炎症性肠病新疗法综述

EMJ. Gastroenterology Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.33590/emjgastroenterol/20-00166

Sumona Bhattacharya Sumona Bhattacharya, Raymond K. Cross Raymond K. Cross

引用次数: 1

The Gene Expression Signature Modulated by Dupilumab is Correlated with Histological Severity and Endoscopic Features of Mucosal Inflammation and Remodelling in Eosinophilic Oesophagitis Dupilumab调节的基因表达特征与嗜酸性食管炎的组织学严重程度和粘膜炎症和重塑的内镜特征相关

EMJ. Gastroenterology Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.33590/emjgastroenterol/201208

M. Collins

引用次数: 0

Cachexia in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancers: Contributing Factors, Prevention, and Current Management Approaches 胃肠道癌症患者的恶病质:影响因素、预防和当前的管理方法

EMJ. Gastroenterology Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.33590/emjgastroenterol/20-00181

O. Grundmann, S. L. Yoon, Joseph J. Williams

{"title":"Cachexia in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancers: Contributing Factors, Prevention, and Current Management Approaches","authors":"O. Grundmann, S. L. Yoon, Joseph J. Williams","doi":"10.33590/emjgastroenterol/20-00181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjgastroenterol/20-00181","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer cachexia is highly prevalent among patients with the advanced stage of cancers and leads to a higher risk of mortality. Delayed management of cachexia results in suboptimal treatment outcomes and irreversible progression to refractory cachexia. The purpose of this review is to provide the pathophysiology of cancer cachexia, emerging diagnostic criteria with potential biomarkers, prevention strategies, and novel treatment approaches. Cachexia is characterised by the presence of an inflammatory process in conjunction with muscle mass and unintentional body weight loss. Various biomarkers such as leptin, ghrelin, TNFα, essential amino acids, total amino acids, and C-reactive protein are indicative of cachexia. Increased circulating levels of β-dystroglycan, myosin heavy-chain, and dystrophin are indicators of shortened survival time as skeletal muscle tissues break down. Despite muscle wasting being a hallmark of cachexia, recommended cachexia management is limited to nutritional counselling and administration of an appetite stimulant and corticosteroids for a short period, which often fail to reverse cancer cachexia. It is critical to monitor weight loss using the cachexia grading system for early detection, to halt progression to refractory cachexia and improve the survival of patients with cancer cachexia.","PeriodicalId":92504,"journal":{"name":"EMJ. Gastroenterology","volume":"315 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87642847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Stem Cell Therapies: A Review of Current Therapeutic Approach for Inflammation-Associated Sigmoid Colon Diseases 干细胞治疗:炎症相关乙状结肠疾病的当前治疗方法综述

EMJ. Gastroenterology Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.33590/emjgastroenterol/20-00169

Natalie Menassa, Maria Destouni, P. Katafygiotis

{"title":"Stem Cell Therapies: A Review of Current Therapeutic Approach for Inflammation-Associated Sigmoid Colon Diseases","authors":"Natalie Menassa, Maria Destouni, P. Katafygiotis","doi":"10.33590/emjgastroenterol/20-00169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjgastroenterol/20-00169","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic inflammation is the single major contributor to the pathogenesis of sigmoid colon inflammatory diseases such as segmental colitis associated disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Existing conventional anti-inflammatory treatments have not proven to be a sufficient long-term solution for management of symptoms due to the immunosuppressive nature of these agents. Stem cell (SC) transplantation is a novel approach to treatment that could improve the prognosis of IBD patients in the long term by preventing inflammation, restoring defective immune balance, and promoting mucosal healing. Multiple studies have shown that bone marrow SC, mesenchymal SC (MSC), and most recently intestinal SC (ISC) have had marked success in improving immune functionality in cases of IBD. Effects of bone marrow SC did not show the kind of longevity that researchers initially anticipated, leading them to instead pursue thorough study of MSC. The tolerogenic effects of MSC have proven them to be a key player in the development of SC therapy; however, their exact mechanism of action has yet to be fully characterised. Due to existing discrepancies in the data detailing the association between MSC and colorectal cancer risk, ISC have since become of interest with the intention of finding a more reliable alternative source of SC. Preliminary studies have shown that ISC may be capable of achieving the same immunomodulatory effects as MSC but with reduced colorectal cancer risk, suggesting them to be the most promising new method of treating inflammatory-based sigmoid colon diseases under study thus far.","PeriodicalId":92504,"journal":{"name":"EMJ. Gastroenterology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87846766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Achalasia Cardia: A Comprehensive Review 贲门失弛缓症:综合综述

EMJ. Gastroenterology Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.33590/emjgastroenterol/20-00178

M. Ramchandani, P. Pal

{"title":"Achalasia Cardia: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"M. Ramchandani, P. Pal","doi":"10.33590/emjgastroenterol/20-00178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjgastroenterol/20-00178","url":null,"abstract":"Achalasia cardia is the best characterised oesophageal motility disorder. It is characterised by progressive ganglion cell degeneration in the oesophageal myenteric plexus, which results in impaired lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation upon swallowing and aperistalsis in the distal smooth muscle segment of the oesophagus. The usual presenting features are dysphagia to both liquids and solids from onset, regurgitation of undigested food, retrosternal pain, heartburn, and weight loss. Initial investigations include upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy and timed barium oesophagogram, whereas high resolution manometry is diagnostic. Therapy in achalasia cardia is directed towards biochemical or mechanical reduction in LES pressures. If candidates are fit for surgery, pneumatic dilatation, peroral endoscopic myotomy, and laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy are the mainstays of therapy that act by mechanical disruption of LES. On the other hand, botulinum toxin and pharmacotherapy (nitrates and calcium channel blockers) act by biochemical reduction of LES and are reserved for surgically unfit patients with limited life expectancy because of their short-lived efficacy. Oesophagectomy is reserved for treating refractory longstanding cases, who have previously failed multiple therapies.","PeriodicalId":92504,"journal":{"name":"EMJ. Gastroenterology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75223044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

That Gut Feeling: The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in Depression Among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease 肠道感觉:炎症细胞因子在炎症性肠病患者抑郁中的作用

EMJ. Gastroenterology Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.33590/emjgastroenterol/20-00180

Brant J. Chapman Brant J. Chapman, Graham B. Jones Graham B. Jones

{"title":"That Gut Feeling: The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in Depression Among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease","authors":"Brant J. Chapman Brant J. Chapman, Graham B. Jones Graham B. Jones","doi":"10.33590/emjgastroenterol/20-00180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjgastroenterol/20-00180","url":null,"abstract":"There is mounting evidence of an associative link between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and clinical depression. In the first major treatise on the eponymous disease, Burrill Crohn himself noted that: “The number of cases of ileitis that have been rescued from institutions for the treatment of mental diseases emphasises not the personality but the end results of the drain of the disease upon the psychic constitution of the sufferer.” In the 70 years since that prescient statement, a high incidence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (depression, anxiety, cognitive fatigue, and sleep disorders) in patients with IBD has been frequently observed. Since patients with depression have significantly increased rates of relapse, surgery, hospitalisation, and suicide, recognising and treating depression is of paramount importance. In this narrative review, the authors will trace some of the biochemical connections between intestinal inflammation and neuropsychiatric symptoms and focus on strategies to manage both. Additionally, the authors offer a cautionary reflection on the extant need for widespread screening for depression among patients with IBD.","PeriodicalId":92504,"journal":{"name":"EMJ. Gastroenterology","volume":"166 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84680072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2