Annals of epidemiology and public health最新文献

{"title":"Protective Behavior and Factor Associated with Inappropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Use among Frontline Disease Control Personnel during the Early Phase of Pandemic","authors":"R. Techasuwanna, P. Thammawijaya, Bhurinud Salakij, S. Iamsirithaworn, H. Praekunatham, H. Lerdsamran, J. Prasertsopon, Thanit Rattanathumsakul, P. Puthavathana","doi":"10.33582/aepidemiolpublichealth.2022.1092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33582/aepidemiolpublichealth.2022.1092","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Disease control personnel have an important role in preventing spreading of COVID-19, such as case screening, outbreak investigation, and contact tracing. This study aims to find out their protective behaviors and other associated factors with inappropriate PPE use, as well as the percentage of seropositivity by natural SARS-CoV2 infection in September 2020 during the period without any COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 172 Thai Department of Disease Control personnel, which all had done questionnaires regarding demographic data and protective behavior. The blood test was performed to find out Neutralizing antibody titer (Nab) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression was conducted for identifying factors associated with inappropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use. Results: Of all 172 participants, 38 (22.1%) were Health Care Workers (HCW), 79 (45.9%) were Public Health Personnel (PHP), and 55 (32%) were Non-Health Workers (NHW). Most were female (130; 75.6%). Hand hygiene was the behavior with the highest proportion of being done every time among all participants during work (90.5%), while cleaning high-touch surface and using cashless system were done only a few or sometimes by most participants (55.9% and 56.1%, respectively). Middle age, less experience, and working as Public Health Officers, were associated with appropriate PPE use during work. Participants who had trained for PPE use at least once in the recent year practice inappropriate PPE use less than those who had not been trained, even though there were no significant differences.","PeriodicalId":92475,"journal":{"name":"Annals of epidemiology and public health","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84741240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Two-Phase, Single Cohort Study of COVID-19 Antibody Sera-Surveillance","authors":"W. Jo, Watkeys L, Nash J, Whelan C, Davies Aj, E. J., Morris Km, James Pe","doi":"10.33582/2639-4391/1055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33582/2639-4391/1055","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The infectious corona virus, COVID-19 has high case mortality in those whom suffer with severe symptoms requiring hospitalisation. A major problem associated with COVID-19 is the spread of infection by a-symptomatic carriers, or those with mild symptoms. We aim to determine the antibody prevalence in a professional Welsh cohort and begin to explore the longevity of COVID-19 antibodies. Methods: 739 Cardiff Metropolitan University staff members took part in an observational study to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 antibodies in a two-phase, single cohort study. All participants were tested for IgM and IgG antibodies against COVID-19 using a lateral flow detection assay. Venous blood samples from positive participants and a randomly selected negative population were collected to confirm antibody titre, using two gold standard immunoassays, carried out independently by the Specialist Virology Centre, UHW. Results: 3.65% of the population tested positive for antibodies against COVID-19, with a higher prevalence seen in male participants (5% vs. 2.73% of females). In addition to gender, both pre-existing asthma and age were key determinants in antibody positivity. 78.26% retained antibodies at the 3 months follow up test. 36.36% of females lost antibody positivity between the 3 - and 6 - month time points compared with 8.3% of males. Lateral flow antibody testing was shown to have 96% sensitivity and 95% specificity compared with standard tests. Conclusion: We conclude that prevalence of COVID-19 antibodies is evident in the asymptomatic population, and in 78.26% of those initially antibody positive prevails at approximately 6 months from perceived time of exposure. Males are 4 times more likely to retain antibodies for longer than females.","PeriodicalId":92475,"journal":{"name":"Annals of epidemiology and public health","volume":"os-21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87201900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long travel distance for health care and poor adherence to breast cancer screening programs as predictors of patient delay","authors":"M. Weller","doi":"10.33582/2639-4391/1008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33582/2639-4391/1008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92475,"journal":{"name":"Annals of epidemiology and public health","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90460995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hand hygiene amongst health workers in a teaching hospital - A kap study","authors":"Syed Arshad Hussain","doi":"10.33582/2639-4391/1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33582/2639-4391/1005","url":null,"abstract":"Though relatively simple procedure, Hand Hygiene compliance rates tend to be highly variable and poor. Material & Methods: cross-sectional KAP study was conducted at SMHS Hospital, a teaching hospital in Srinagar, India. Study subjects were the nursing staff working in different departments of the Hospital. Self-structured one plus WHO, s hand hygiene questionnaire for health care workers was administered. Almost 80% respondents skipped hand washing when in hurry. Only small percentage of 12 and 28 used to hand wash before touching a patient and before doing simple procedure respectively. Conclusion: This study depicts the poor compliance of health workers regarding hand hygiene. Introduction Every 1 in 20 hospitalised patients is affected by Health Care Associated Infections (HAI) [1]. Most of the infections are spread via health care worker’s hands and Hand Hygiene is the single most effective measure to prevent this spread. Though relatively simple procedure, Hand Hygiene compliance rates tend to be highly variable and poor [2]. Hand Hygiene is a general term referring to any action of hand cleansing by using water & detergent and/or the use of alcohol-based hand sanitization for the removal of transient micro-organisms from hands [3]. Annually, approximately 2.4 M deaths can be prevented by good hygiene practices, reliable sanitation & drinking water [4]. A Meta -analysis showed that improvements in hand washing reduced incidence of URTI and gastrointestinal illnesses by 21% and 31% respectively [5]. Though preventable with simple hand washing, Health Care Workers are reluctant to adopt recommended practices to curb the infection [6]. Lack of appropriate facilities, high staff to patient ratio, insufficient knowledge and attitude of staff may be the reasons responsible for lack of compliance to hand washing [7]. In India, especially in J&K there is paucity of studies exploring this subject, although the prevalence of HAI is high in whole Asia [8], JK being no exception. To improve Health Care Workers compliance with health Hygiene, it is therefore necessary to consider the hindering factors and attempt to improve them. With this background, this study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practices among healthcare workers of SMHS hospital and then to identify gaps and enhance good practices.","PeriodicalId":92475,"journal":{"name":"Annals of epidemiology and public health","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87274138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study Protocol: Southern Women Veterans’ Health Study","authors":"S. Coughlin, K. Sullivan","doi":"10.33582/2639-4391/1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33582/2639-4391/1001","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Despite the large numbers of women who served during the 1990–1991 Gulf War or post 9/11, many studies of the health of U.S. veterans have been limited to men or have not included adequate numbers of women veterans for separate analyses. As the number of women in the military increases particularly in the Southern U.S., there is a pressing need for additional health research involving women veterans including women who reside in rural areas and small towns and cities. Studies are also needed of women who do or do not receive VA health care services. Objectives: The objectives of this study are: 1) To obtain information about the physical and mental health of women who served in the U.S. military during various eras (e.g., Vietnam War, 1991 Gulf War, and post 9/11) and who currently reside in Georgia, 2) To establish a cohort of women veterans who complete a baseline postal questionnaire and are then followed longitudinally and invited to participate in a follow-up survey in 4 to 5 years, and 3) To establish a cohort of women veterans who can be invited to participate in IRB-approved clinical research studies that include subsets of women surveyed as part of the Southern Women Veteran’s Health Study. Methods: This study consists of a postal survey of up to 1,000 women veterans in Georgia and a repeat survey in 4 to 5 years to obtain longitudinal data. The follow-up survey in 4 to 5 years will allow for longitudinal changes in health to be assessed. Conclusion: The survey will provide a comprehensive picture of women veteran’s health across the lifespan. This will address the need for a comprehensive surveillance of health outcomes of women veterans with diverse residence (rural areas, larger cities in the southern U.S.) and VA health care service utilization. A broad range of women’s health issues will be addressed including not only reproductive outcomes but also chronic health outcomes in endocrine, cardiac, neurological, immunological and mental health systems that may differ from their male counterparts. Through its longitudinal design, the study will also provide important information about changes in physical and mental health as women veterans advance in age.","PeriodicalId":92475,"journal":{"name":"Annals of epidemiology and public health","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79224063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study Protocol: Southern Women Veterans' Health Study.","authors":"Steven S Coughlin, Kimberly Sullivan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite the large numbers of women who served during the 1990-1991 Gulf War or post 9/11, many studies of the health of U.S. veterans have been limited to men or have not included adequate numbers of women veterans for separate analyses. As the number of women in the military increases particularly in the Southern U.S., there is a pressing need for additional health research involving women veterans including women who reside in rural areas and small towns and cities. Studies are also needed of women who do or do not receive VA health care services.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study are: 1) To obtain information about the physical and mental health of women who served in the U.S. military during various eras (e.g., Vietnam War, 1991 Gulf War, and post 9/11) and who currently reside in Georgia, 2) To establish a cohort of women veterans who complete a baseline postal questionnaire and are then followed longitudinally and invited to participate in a follow-up survey in 4 to 5 years, and 3) To establish a cohort of women veterans who can be invited to participate in IRB-approved clinical research studies that include subsets of women surveyed as part of the Southern Women Veteran's Health Study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study consists of a postal survey of up to 1,000 women veterans in Georgia and a repeat survey in 4 to 5 years to obtain longitudinal data. The follow-up survey in 4 to 5 years will allow for longitudinal changes in health to be assessed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The survey will provide a comprehensive picture of women veteran's health across the lifespan. This will address the need for a comprehensive surveillance of health outcomes of women veterans with diverse residence (rural areas, larger cities in the southern U.S.) and VA health care service utilization. A broad range of women's health issues will be addressed including not only reproductive outcomes but also chronic health outcomes in endocrine, cardiac, neurological, immunological and mental health systems that may differ from their male counterparts. Through its longitudinal design, the study will also provide important information about changes in physical and mental health as women veterans advance in age.</p>","PeriodicalId":92475,"journal":{"name":"Annals of epidemiology and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6195358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36604208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and breast cancer risk according to estrogen- and progesterone-receptor status and HER2 oncogene expression.","authors":"Steven S Coughlin, Jessica Stewart, Lovoria B Williams","doi":"10.33582/2639-4391/1002","DOIUrl":"10.33582/2639-4391/1002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous observational studies and systematic reviews have suggested that adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer, but have not examined associations with molecular subtypes of breast cancer. The current review examines the association with adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of breast cancer according to molecular subtypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bibliographic searches were conducted in PubMed and CINAHL using relevant MeSH search terms and Boolean algebra commands.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six cohort studies and one case-control study have examined adherence with the Mediterranean diet and risk of breast cancer according to estrogen-receptor (ER) and progesterone-receptor (PR) status and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) oncogene expression. Taken overall, studies suggest that the Mediterranean dietary pattern is inversely associated with breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women, and that the inverse association is somewhat stronger among ER- tumors. Although there is a suggestion that the Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with PR- tumors and with ER-/PR-/HER2- (\"triple negative\" tumors), results to date have been mixed and the number of studies that have examined associations with this dietary pattern among tumors characterized by multiple molecular subtypes remains small.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this systematic review suggest that consumption of a Mediterranean diet pattern is associated with a reduced risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, particularly among ER- tumors. Additional cohort studies that have sufficient sample sizes and long-term follow-up are warranted to identify sizeable numbers of invasive breast cancer cases, thereby allowing for characterization of the tumors by molecular subtype.</p>","PeriodicalId":92475,"journal":{"name":"Annals of epidemiology and public health","volume":"1 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6474371/pdf/nihms-985855.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37171362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}