BMJ Open Gastroenterology最新文献

{"title":"Machine learning classification of inflammatory bowel disease activity using white blood cell subsets.","authors":"Eleanor Lehman, Peyton Briand, Kyra Fine, Julia Britton, Eileen O'brien, Olimpia Sienkiewicz, Daniel Mulder","doi":"10.1136/bmjgast-2025-002097","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjgast-2025-002097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The lack of a rapid, validated, consistent test for tracking disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is currently a major challenge. Currently used biomarkers have notable disadvantages, such as the slow processing (faecal calprotectin) and the lack of specificity (bloodwork). White blood cell (WBC) subsets, also known as 'the differential', are commonly obtained in evaluating IBD patients, but there is minimal evidence on how these subsets relate to disease activity. Given the interplay between immune cells, it is possible that complex patterns in WBC subsets could be used to classify IBD activity. Machine learning (ML) could be used to reveal these changes. The aim of this study was to classify IBD activity via routine bloodwork results, using an ML approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>1458 bloodwork measurements from 108 IBD patients were included in this analysis. Disease activity was classified by physician's global assessment score. Four ML models were trained to classify active disease or remission based on routine bloodwork metrics (complete blood count, differential, albumin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C reactive protein).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimal model, extreme gradient boosted decision trees, achieved a receiver operator characteristic area under the curve of 0.882. Feature analysis identified neutrophils, C reactive protein and albumin as consistently important contributors to the models. Additionally, no single individual biomarker was comparable to the ML model, and medications had only a minor impact on the ML model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Classification of IBD activity can be augmented using ML analysis of commonly measured bloodwork parameters to help inform treatment plans and to improve IBD patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9235,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Gastroenterology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12666231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145630101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actionable mutations in pancreatic cancer: where targeted therapies are making a difference.","authors":"Morgan Fivaz, Aurélie Bornand, Claudia Corro, Thibaud Koessler, Vassilis Genoud","doi":"10.1136/bmjgast-2025-001925","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjgast-2025-001925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest solid tumours, with 5-year survival consistently below 10% and only modest gains from conventional chemotherapy after first-line failure. Although oncogenic <i>KRAS</i> mutations dominate the genomic landscape, recent large-scale sequencing has revealed a series of less frequent but therapeutically actionable alterations. This review synthesises evidence from phase I-II trials published through April 2025. It demonstrates that targeting these lesions can yield outcomes that meet or exceed the benchmarks set by the NAPOLI-1 trial (liposomal irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin), with a median overall survival of 6.2 months and progression-free survival of 3.1 months. Objective response rates reach 33% with adagrasib in <i>KRAS G12C</i> PDAC, 22% with olaparib maintenance in germline BRCA1/2 cancers, and over 50% with RET or NTRK inhibitors with fusion alterations; pembrolizumab produces durable benefit in the 1-3% of tumours that are MSI-H/dMMR. Emerging data highlight NRG1 fusions (overall response rate 42% with zenocutuzumab), HER2 amplification, MTAP deletion with PRMT5 dependency and variant-specific (MRTX1133) or pan-RAS (daraxonrasib) inhibitors as the next frontier. Toxicity profiles of targeted agents are generally favourable and often allow prolonged administration compared with cytotoxic regimens. Taken together, these advances represent a substantive therapeutic progress in PDAC over the past decades, even though they currently apply to a minority of patients. These findings underscore the necessity of comprehensive next-generation sequencing for every patient with advanced disease, enabling identification of rare, yet clinically meaningful, targets and moving PDAC management towards a precision-oncology paradigm.</p>","PeriodicalId":9235,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Gastroenterology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12666113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145630092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive liver fibrosis scores and mortality in a cohort of World Trade Center rescue/recovery workers.","authors":"Ankura Singh, Rachel Zeig-Owens, Nikolina Icitovic, David G Goldfarb, Charles B Hall, Jaeun Choi, Christopher R Dasaro, Victoria Garrity, Andrew C Todd, David J Prezant","doi":"10.1136/bmjgast-2025-001889","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjgast-2025-001889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Higher liver fibrosis scores have been associated with all-cause and liver disease-related mortality. We investigated whether liver fibrosis scores were associated with all-cause, liver disease-related and non-liver disease-related mortality and liver cancer incidence in an occupational cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 43 870 Combined World Trade Center Rescue/Recovery Worker Cohort members who had blood drawn between 11/9/2001-31/12/2020. Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS) were calculated and categorised as low, intermediate or high scores per established cut-offs. Deaths and liver cancers were identified via National Death Index records and state cancer registries. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated HRs and 95% CIs for each outcome in those with intermediate and high versus low fibrosis scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By 31/12/2020, 1996 deaths, 81 liver disease-related deaths and 36 incident liver cancers occurred. Participants with intermediate or high APRI (HR=1.73, 95% CI 1.50 to 1.99 and HR=7.23, 95% CI 5.63 to 9.29), FIB-4 (HR=1.18, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.34 and HR=3.96, 95% CI 3.22 to 4.85) or NFS (HR=1.61, 95% CI 1.43 to 1.81 and HR=4.73, 95% CI 3.78 to 5.93) had increased risks of all-cause mortality vs those with low scores, controlling for potential confounders. Those with intermediate/high scores also had increased liver disease- and non-liver disease-related mortality. High APRI, FIB-4 and NFS, and intermediate APRI and NFS were associated with liver cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intermediate and high liver fibrosis scores predicted all-cause, liver disease-related and non-liver disease-related mortality, and high scores predicted liver cancer, in this population. Liver fibrosis scores may identify those at greater risk for poor health outcomes, even in a healthy occupational cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":9235,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Gastroenterology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12636936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145562672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk stratification of IBD-associated liver disease using routinely collected biomarkers from a large-scale real-world dataset.","authors":"Zachary Green, Alex Z Kadhim, Lynn Win, Gabriela Czanner, Robert Mark Beattie, Sarah Ennis, James John Ashton","doi":"10.1136/bmjgast-2025-002028","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjgast-2025-002028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated liver diseases (IBDALDs) are associated with hepatobiliary damage and malignancy, with diagnosis often delayed by heterogeneous presentation. We evaluated whether routinely collected biomarkers-at IBD diagnosis and during follow-up-can risk-stratify for IBDALD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational retrospective longitudinal study included 1571 patients with IBD at University Hospital Southampton. Biomarkers including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (n=335 605 results) were summarised as patient-level medians within ±6 months of IBD diagnosis. Patients with pre-existing IBDALD were excluded. A 1:4 matched case-control design (age, sex, IBD subtype) was applied. Conditional logistic regression assessed associations with biomarkers (continuous values and binary-abnormal vs normal) and IBDALD. Longitudinal trends were evaluated using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) and linear mixed-effects models (LMMs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median age of IBD diagnosis was 18.0 years, median follow-up 11.5 years. Thirty-five IBDALD cases were identified (27 post-IBD); median time to IBDALD was 4.5 years. At IBD diagnosis, cases had elevated ALT, ALP and ESR (p<0.01). In case-control matching, ALT (OR=1.04 per U/L; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07; p=0.012), ALP (OR=1.01; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.02; p=0.014) and ESR (OR=1.05; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.09; p=0.034) were associated with IBDALD. Any abnormal ALT (OR=5.10; 95% CI 1.57 to 16.59; p=0.0068) and ALP (OR=15.33; 95% CI 1.87 to 125.77; p=0.0110) were strongly associated. LOESS plots and LMMs demonstrated distinct biomarker trajectories (ALT, ALP) preceding IBDALD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Real-world biomarker data can support early risk stratification for IBDALD. Elevated ALT and ALP at IBD diagnosis and distinct longitudinal trajectories highlight the need for follow-up to biomarker normalisation, with persistent abnormalities prompting earlier hepatobiliary investigation to reduce diagnostic delay and improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9235,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Gastroenterology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12625833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145511802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physician adenoma detection rates and risk of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer in a sequential screening programme: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Li Xie, Wenhong Wang, Guanglu Zhang, Lizhong Zhao, Huan Zhang, Hai Qin, Weituo Zhang, Mingqing Zhang, Biyun Qian, Xipeng Zhang","doi":"10.1136/bmjgast-2024-001623","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjgast-2024-001623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Long-term colorectal cancer (CRC) monitoring is common in Asia, but assessing colonoscopy effectiveness through adenoma detection rates (ADRs) remains uncommon. This study aimed to identify potential associations between ADR and risk of post-colonoscopy CRC (PCCRC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, longitudinal, observational study included participants (aged 40-74 years) with initial positive results and subsequent colonoscopy recruited from a community-based, multicentre, CRC screening programme from January 2012 to December 2022 in Tianjin, China. ADR was defined as the proportion of colonoscopies in which at least one adenoma was detected at the provider level. The primary outcome was PCCRC, defined as any CRC diagnosed 6 months after initial colonoscopy. ADR groups were categorised according to quartile distribution (<42%, 42%-55%, 55%-64% and >64%) or dichotomised as at or above vs below the median for statistical analyses. PCCRC incidence rates were expressed as the number of events per 1000 person-years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 9957 included participants, 116 PCCRC cases were detected in 33 881 person-years of follow-up. PCCRC incidence rates per 1000 person-years were 4.34, 3.76, 2.62 and 2.69 from the lowest to the highest ADR group, respectively. ADR was significantly inversely associated with PCCRC risk. Participants in the highest ADR group had 49% lower risk of PCCRC than those in the low ADR group (adjusted HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.88). Multivariate-adjusted restricted cubic spline analyses identified a linear dose-response relationship between ADR and PCCRC risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study illustrates the relationship between endoscopist competence, as measured by ADR, and CRC risk after colonoscopy, which can guide assessment of monitoring programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9235,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Gastroenterology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12603712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145487886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of antithrombotic therapy on colonoscopy outcomes in FIT-positive patients: implications for polyp detection, diverticulosis and normal findings.","authors":"Naim Abu-Freha, Mifleh Tatour, Fadi Abu Baker, Tarek Saadi, Rawi Hazzan","doi":"10.1136/bmjgast-2025-001922","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjgast-2025-001922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Faecal immunochemical test (FIT) is widely used in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, but the impact of antithrombotic therapy on colonoscopy outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to compare polyp detection rate (PDR) and prevalence of non-neoplastic findings in FIT-positive patients undergoing colonoscopy, stratified by antithrombotic therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective, multicentre cohort study of 26 280 FIT-positive colonoscopies performed between 2016 and 2023 across seven gastroenterology centres in Israel. The FIT positivity threshold was 75 ng/mL. Patients were grouped by therapy: antiplatelets (n=1904), anticoagulants (n=262) or no antithrombotic treatment (n=24 079). Using crude and matched analyses, we assessed PDR, adenoma detection rate (ADR), CRC detection and diverticulosis prevalence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients on antithrombotics were older (mean 65.9±7 vs 61.0±8 years; p<0.001), more often men (65.2% vs 50.1%; p<0.001) and had higher comorbidity rates. Crude PDR was higher in antithrombotic users (55.5% vs 51.9%; p=0.001), but ADR was similar (28.2% vs 28.3%; p=0.950). Diverticulosis was more prevalent in the antithrombotic group (24.0% vs 17.4%; p<0.001). After matching for age and sex (n=2201 pairs), all previously significant associations were eliminated: PDR were no longer different (55.5% vs 53.1%; p=0.112), diverticulosis prevalence became identical (24.0% vs 24.3%; p=0.799) and normal colonoscopy rates were similar (27.5% vs 29.6%; p=0.123). ADRs remained comparable (28.2% vs 26.7%; p=0.269), and CRC detection rates were identical (2.0% vs 2.0%; p=0.998).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Demographic confounding, rather than antithrombotic therapy per se, explains the crude associations in colonoscopy outcomes. The matched analysis demonstrates that antithrombotics do not independently affect polyp detection, diverticulosis prevalence or adenoma detection when age and sex are controlled for. These findings support the continued use of antithrombotics during CRC screening, shifting clinical interpretation from medication-based to demographic-based risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":9235,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Gastroenterology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12557753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145367611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of adherence to guidelines for biochemical monitoring and ursodeoxycholic acid treatment response in a retrospective cohort of US patients with primary biliary cholangitis.","authors":"Stuart C Gordon, Amandeep Sahota, Mark A Schmidt, Yihe G Daida, Loralee B Rupp, Sheri Trudeau, Christina Melkonian, Christopher L Bowlus, Mei Lu","doi":"10.1136/bmjgast-2025-001899","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjgast-2025-001899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>American Association for the Study of Liver Disease guidelines recommend regular testing of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) among patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) to monitor disease progression and response to treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), but previous studies have shown that adherence to recommended testing intervals is low. We used data from the Fibrotic Liver Disease (FOLD) Consortium to evaluate rates of adherence among US routine care patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PBC cases were confirmed with chart abstraction. Patients from three FOLD sites (Henry Ford Health (Detroit, MI), Kaiser Permanente-Southern California (Los Angeles, California) and Kaiser Permanente-Northwest (Portland, Oregon)) were observed from 1 January 2018 through 31 December 2021. We divided our evaluation of adherence to monitoring guidelines into two segments: (1) the first 12 months post-UDCA initiation; and (2) >12 months post-UDCA initiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1756 patients were identified for the 2018-2021 period; 67 patients did not receive UDCA and were excluded from the sample. A total of 1689 patients were included in one or both segments (segment 1: 740, segment 2: 1689). Only 52% of patients received appropriate ALP testing to ascertain response to UDCA after roughly 1 year of treatment; rates were significantly higher among patients with specialist care compared with those without (54% vs 45%, p=0.001). For the period following the first year of UDCA treatment, the observed monitoring rate was 67%, where hepatology or gastroenterology specialist care was associated with significantly higher rates of monitoring (65%-78%) compared with those without care from a specialist (30%-57%, p<0.0001) with the same level of comorbidity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a large US PBC cohort, there were concerning levels of non-adherence to recommended biochemical monitoring. Receipt of care from a specialist was associated with higher rates of monitoring. Strategies to increase rates of biochemical testing are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9235,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Gastroenterology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12548585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145343806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost of reusable gastrointestinal endoscopes to the NHS: findings from a micro-costing study.","authors":"Mandana Zanganeh, Yufei Jiang, Norman Waugh, Bu Hayee, Shaji Sebastian, Trudi Gillespie, Ramesh P Arasaradnam, Lazaros Andronis","doi":"10.1136/bmjgast-2025-002013","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjgast-2025-002013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to quantify the per-procedure costs of acquiring, maintaining/repairing and reprocessing reusable gastrointestinal endoscopes by observing practices in a large National Health Service (NHS) hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a bottom-up micro-costing analysis to capture the costs of reusable gastrointestinal endoscopes using a detailed resource-use data sheet and observations at the University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire (UHCW). The data sheet drew on the published literature and NHS decontamination guidance. Cost categories included (1) measuring personnel time for reprocessing endoscopes, (2) reprocessing materials and (3) acquisition and maintenance/repair of endoscopy and reprocessing equipment. Data were obtained through observation and interviews with staff. Costs were calculated using the data collected at UHCW and cross-checked with data from two other NHS Trusts, manufacturers and the literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Staff time for reprocessing averaged 35 min per procedure (£23.57: 22% of the total cost). The reprocessing materials' cost per procedure was £16.41 (15% of the total cost). Total capital acquisition cost per procedure was £46.9 (44% of the total cost), including endoscopy capital (£37.4) and reprocessing capital (£9.5). Total maintenance/repair cost per procedure was £20.46 (19% of the total cost). These led to a total cost of £107.34 per endoscopy procedure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Some observed values were slightly lower than but generally comparable to similar studies. We identified the key drivers of costs, led by capital costs. The results of our study could be used in economic evaluations involving reusable gastrointestinal endoscopes. The methodology can inform the cost evaluation of medical devices that require intensive reprocessing.</p>","PeriodicalId":9235,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Gastroenterology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13059896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145343780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence-assisted versus conventional reading in pan-intestinal capsule endoscopy for suspected mid-lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort.","authors":"Bruno Rosa, Miguel José Mascarenhas Saraiva, João Afonso, Tiago Cúrdia Gonçalves, Francisco Mendes, Maria João Moreira, Miguel Martins, Francisca Dias de Castro, Tiago Ribeiro, Pedro Cardoso, Maria João Almeida, Joana Mota, João Ferreira, Guilherme Macedo, José Cotter","doi":"10.1136/bmjgast-2025-001906","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjgast-2025-001906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pan-intestinal capsule endoscopy (PCE) offers a safer, more effective alternative to colonoscopy for detecting potentially haemorrhagic lesions (PHL) in suspected mid-lower gastrointestinal bleeding (MLGIB), though it is limited by time-consuming review and missed lesions. We compared the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence-assisted PCE (AI-PCE) versus conventional reading PCE (CR-PCE) and colonoscopy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analysed 100 prospectively enrolled patients undergoing PCE for suspected MLGIB using an externally validated convolutional neural network. Diagnostic performance of AI-PCE, CR-PCE and colonoscopy was evaluated against a consensus reference standard. Accuracy metrics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV)) were assessed overall and by lesion type and intestinal segment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AI-PCE detected PHL in 60% of patients versus 42% with CR-PCE (p<0.01). Lesions included vascular (51% vs 33%, p<0.01), ulcers/erosions (16% vs 7%, p=0.012), protuberant (5% vs 4%, p=1.0) and active bleeding (7% vs 7%, p=1.0). AI-PCE achieved higher sensitivity than CR-PCE (95% vs 67%, p<0.0001) with comparable specificity (97% vs 97%), PPV (98% vs 98%) and superior NPV (92% vs 63%, p=0.0015). For the small bowel, AI-PCE outperformed CR-PCE in sensitivity (96% vs 59%, p<0.0001) and NPV (97% vs 76%, p=0.0010). In colon, AI-PCE also showed greater sensitivity (90% vs 68%, p=0.027) and NPV (94% vs 86%, p = 0.066). Compared with colonoscopy, AI-PCE was markedly more sensitive (90% vs 32%, p<0.0001) with higher PPV (100% vs 65%, p<0.001) and NPV (94% vs 65%, p<0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AI-PCE significantly improves diagnostic accuracy over conventional reading and colonoscopy, offering superior sensitivity without compromising specificity, and may establish a new standard for PCE in MLGIB.</p>","PeriodicalId":9235,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Gastroenterology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12530413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145298390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient experience of colon capsule endoscopy in clinical practice: a structured, comparative patient survey.","authors":"Veronica Dale, Holly Essex, Karen Bloor, Monica Haritakis, Laura Jefferson, Karl Atkin, Harriet Cox, James Turvill","doi":"10.1136/bmjgast-2025-001944","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjgast-2025-001944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is a recognised diagnostic tool, but there is little research exploring patient experience of this relatively new technology. We aimed to understand the patient experience of CCE and explore similarities to and differences from colonoscopy and CT colonography (CTC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a structured patient experience survey exploring preprocedural, procedural and postprocedural elements of CCE, alongside colonoscopy and CTC, using descriptive statistics. Consenting patients were recruited from the NHS England CCE pilot, referred either on a suspected colorectal cancer or a 3-year postpolypectomy surveillance pathway.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>927 of 1937 patients (48%) responded to the survey invitation. 486 had CCE as their index procedure, 399 colonoscopy and 42 CTC. Two per cent of CCE patients found the procedure painful compared with 21% of colonoscopy and 12% of CTC patients (p<0.001). The CCE procedural information was easily understood by 81% of patients compared with 92% having colonoscopy (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the bowel preparation experience with 20% of CCE and 16% of colonoscopy patients experiencing severe or more discomfort (p=0.439). However, 19% of CCE patients felt the bowel preparation would put them off a future CCE compared with 8% of colonoscopy patients (p<0.001). This was not wholly explained by the need for further investigations. Using regression analysis, we found that high-quality preprocedural information, tolerability of bowel preparation, procedural comfort and investigative closure were predictors of patient satisfaction with CCE. 74% of patients were satisfied with CCE in diagnosing or reassuring them compared with 91% in colonoscopy and 80% in CTC (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CCE was similarly or better tolerated than colonoscopy and CTC throughout the patient journey, with significantly less pain experienced. A future CCE clinical service should ensure that the patient is well informed and optimise the likelihood of the investigative closure.</p>","PeriodicalId":9235,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Gastroenterology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12519712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145291164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}