Asian journal of agriculture and food science最新文献

{"title":"Laboratory and Field Investigation Comparison for Seed Distribution Accuracy of a Multi-Rows Pneumatic Plate Metering Device","authors":"Elebaid Jabir Ibrahim, A. D. Elfadil, Anas Dafaallah Abdallah","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v10i2.6942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v10i2.6942","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to examine and compare the impact of laboratory and field trials on kernels distribution accuracy of a multi-rows pneumatic plate metering device. The effect of the two methods was verified at 15 and 20 r/min plate rotating speed integrated with most favorable values of 1.2 and 1.4 kPa vacuum pressures, respectively. A constant forward velocity of 2.7 km/hr was utilized for belt test and seed planter. Results exposed that vacuum amounts utilized with mentioned speeds were adequate for achieving precise seeding. Under both methods and speeds, laboratory attempts were found to be better in quality index than field trials with some propensity of 15 r/min to be superior. The lowest quality index obtained was 87.3% by field test, while worst miss and multiple indexes were 5.36% and 8.06%, respectively. Rows consistency CV was beneath 1.5% and the stability not surpassed 7.1%. Due to a set of factors confronting seed preciseness in the field, results concluded that more endeavors are robustly required to control such factors.\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42547123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect Of Seedling Age on Growth And Yield of NERICA 4 Rice","authors":"Isaac Mupeta, Chifundo Susuwele, Claurence Ndille, Nkumbe","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v10i1.6881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v10i1.6881","url":null,"abstract":"The age of seedlings at transplanting is an important criterion in rice production as it primarily contributes to the number of tillers produced per hill and significantly affects growth and grain yield of rice. We examined the effect of seedling age at transplanting on growth and yield of NERICA 4 rice to ascertain the suitable age that will give optimal growth and yield. Four seedling ages (treatments) namely 14 Days (14DAS), 21 Days (21DAS), 28 Days (28DAS) and 35 Days (35DAS) were transplanted at the experimental field of Tsukuba International Center (Field A-1-3) in Tsukuba city of Japan, in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Plant length, tiller number and leaf color were monitored from 20 days after transplanting till heading stage. Yield and yield components were analyzed at physiological maturity.  \u0000Seedling age at transplanting had a significant effect on plant length, tiller number and leaf color but had no significant effect on yield and yield components. 14DAS seedlings had special ability to increase number of tillers (13), overall plant length at heading (106.9cm), number of panicles per square meter (266.6) and harvest index (0.46). Along with 21DAS seedlings, 14DAS seedlings recorded a lower grain yield (4.9 ton/ha) than 35DAS seedlings (5.0 ton/ha) due to a lower ripening ratio (64.8% for 14DAS and 66.6% for 21DAS) and lower 1,000 grain weight (19.0g and 20.5g respectively). 28DAS seedlings had the lowest yield (4.6 ton/ha) due to lowest number of panicles per square meter (229.6), lowest number of spikelet per panicle (105.7) and lowest ripening ratio (66.2%). In terms of panicle length, 35DAS obtained a higher value than 14DAS which was the lowest. It was observed that ripening ratio, 1000 grain weight and panicle length tend to increase with age of seedlings, but the differences were statistically insignificant. The study showed that transplanting seedlings older than 14 days does not significantly increase paddy yield and its components. However, there is an opportunity of significantly increasing the yield and yield components of 14DAS seedlings by increasing the amount of Nitrogen fertilizer applied at panicle initiation.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46607271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the Amount and Timing of Ammonium Sulfate Single Top-dressing Application on Growth and Yield of Akitakomachi Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Claurence Nkumbe Ndille, Edward Munyonyela Lena, Isaac Mupeta, N. Nkengafac","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v9i6.6825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v9i6.6825","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of the amount and the timing of single top-dressing application of Ammonium sulfate fertilizer on the growth and yield of Akitakomachi rice (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated in this study. Two amounts (20kg.ha-1 and 50kg.ha-1) of Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) fertilizer were applied at three timings;14 days after transplanting, panicle initiation, and flowering respectively, giving six treatments (14DAT:20, 14DAT:50, PI:20, PI:50, FL:20 & FL:50). A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used. Growth data were collected on plant length, number of tillers and leaf color, and calculated yield and yield components were determined. Plant length was significantly higher in 14DAT:50 and PI:50, and lowest in FL:20 and FL:50. Tiller number was higher in 14DAT:50 compared to the other treatments. 14DAT:50 and PI:50 produced the highest number of panicles per m2. PI:20 and PI:50 had the highest number of spikelets per panicle. The 1000 grains weight was highest in PI:50 and lowest  in 14DAT:50. The highest yields were obtained in 14DAT:50 and PI:50, while FL:20 and FL:50 produced the lowest yields. The results showed that for nitrogen (N) single top-dressing application, high amounts increase both the plant growth and the grain yield if the application is done at vegetative stage or at panicle initiation stage. However, if the nitrogen (N) amount is too high, there exist the risk that the plants may lodge.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48341406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sanitation at the Slaughterhouse and the Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin","authors":"M. Vargová, František Zigo, K. Lakticova","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v9i6.6810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v9i6.6810","url":null,"abstract":"Nowdays, one of the most important issues is the issue of food safety. There are many problems with the control of food safety and creation of appropriate legislation that protects food of animal origin. Hygiene and sanitation should be effectively applied and should be controlled at each step during production in food processing plants. The aim of study was to evaluate the surface microorganisms in the monitored parts of the slaughterhouse before slaughter and during slaughter but also after disinfection by disinfectant Virkon S. Disinfectant was used in a 1 % concentration and applied by spraying. Virkon S was effective on all monitored surfaces except the table for organs, where were detected 2x102 colony forming units per 10 cm2 of total count of bacteria, 2x102 colony forming units per 10cm2 of coliform bacteria and 1x102 colony forming unit per 10cm2 of moulds after disinfection. The sanitation program should be thoroughly planned, actively enforced, and effectively supervised. Disinfection has its meaning since, everything that comes into contact with the raw material can contribute to outbreaks of food borne illness.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46043718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Xanthohumol Added to Diet on Blood Biochemistry in Japanese Quails","authors":"Z. Lacková, František Zigo, Z. Farkašová","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v9i6.6815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v9i6.6815","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we monitored to effect of xanthohumol added to diet on blood biochemistry in Japanese quails. Forty Japanese quails breeds lines Pharaoh were included in the experiment. The quails were randomly divided into two groups: one control and one experimental group with supplementation by xanthohumol in feed. In the evaluation of biochemical parameters, we focused on total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, cholesterol and enzyme activity of AST (Aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (Alanine aminotransferase) and ɤ-GT (ɤ-Glutamyltransferase). Statistical comparisons were made between group with supplementation by xanthohumol in feed and the control group. Total protein and albumin levels were significantly differed between groups (P <0.05). A significant decrease in AST activity (P <0.05) was observed in supplementation group relative to control group.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41525861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histology of Muscle Development in Pigs, Epigenetics from Myotubes to Tapered Fibres","authors":"H. Swatland","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v9i6.6800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v9i6.6800","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-natal muscle development in pigs starts with myotubes (axial nuclei in a tube of myofibrils) and secondary fibres (peripheral nuclei on an axial strand of myofibrils). By the time of birth, the nuclei of myotubes move to a peripheral position like secondary fibres. As pre-natal secondary fibres grow in length, the number of fibres in a transverse section may appear to increase. This stereology may also occur in post-natal muscles that have tapered fibres anchored in endomysial connective tissue around adjacent fibres and with one or both ends not reaching the end of their fasciculus. Up to 100 days gestation, Peroneus longus (no tapered fibres) had larger (P < 0.001) diameter secondary fibres than Longissimus thoracis (with tapered fibres). Up to 100 days gestation, no radial growth of secondary fibres was detected, but myotubes decreased in diameter (P < 0.001).  From a curve showing the relative numbers of myotubes and secondary fibres, it was deduced that approximately 80% of muscle fibres in pigs are derived from secondary fibres. In post-natal Sartorius muscle there was an increase (P < 0.005) in the apparent number of muscle fibres attributed to longitudinal growth of tapered fibres. Myotubes located centrally within their fasciculi had the same position as slow-contracting fibres with a high myoglobin content in adult muscle. Post-natal changes in muscle fibre histochemistry were achieved through transitional types, probably neurally regulated rather than by differential longitudinal growth of tapered endings. Secondary fibres are important – they give rise to both the majority of muscle fibres in adult pigs and affect subsurface optical pathways and pork colourimetry.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43020105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid Metabolism in the Cattle in Different Stages of Reproductive Cycle","authors":"M. Tomás, Bujňák Lukáš, Hreško Šamudovská Alena, Maskaľová Iveta, František Zigo","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v9i6.6836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v9i6.6836","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding dairy cows in different stages of reproductive cycle on biochemical parameters and oxidative stress. To evaluate the effect of oxidative stress on lipids and lipid metabolism and to determine the impact of nutrition and energy balance on oxidative stress in peripartum period and in early lactation. Concentrations of different biochemical parameters were measured but for this paper the most important ones were indicators of oxidative stress, cholesterol and triglycerides and also albumin. Factors associated with oxidative stress were period 3 weeks before calving and related to that negative energy balance and also content of nonfiber carbohydrates in the diet in peripartum period. However, further studies will be needed to more precisely determine the specific effects of diet and energy balance on oxidative stress in cows and to establish normal ranges for these biomarkers of oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45830752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Treated Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Profile in Growing Pigs","authors":"L. Bujňák, P. Naď, I. Maskalová, František Zigo","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v9i6.6834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v9i6.6834","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate the influence of replacing part of soybean meal (SBM) with 15% treated rapeseed meal (tRSM) on growth performance, blood parametres and nutrient digestibility in young growing pigs. A total of 12 crossbred growing pigs (Slovakian White x Landrace) with an average initial body weight of 15.70 ± 1.83 kg were divided into two dietary treatments according to their body weight and sex (six pigs in each group). The experiment lasted 34 days. The rapeseed meal was treated with the product that neutralizes the negative effects of glucosinolates contained in rapeseed by-products for pigs feeding. In our study, we did not observe negative effects of tRSM on body weight, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio. In blood profile, serum urea, albumin, glucose and total chlosterol were not influenced by dietary tRSM treatment. Concentration of total proteins was decreased at the end of the experimental period in the experimental group (P<0.01). For apparent total tract digestibility acid-insoluble ash was used as marker. Partially replacing of SBM with tRSM had no significant negative effects on the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and crude fat. Finally, the inclusion of 15% of treated RSM in growing pig diets had no negative effects on growth performance, nutrients digestibility and selected blood characteristics.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41497578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the Sanitation Regime on Production Safety of Paff Pastry in the Food Processing Plant","authors":"K. Lakticova, M. Vargová, František Zigo","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v9i6.6820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v9i6.6820","url":null,"abstract":"Food is essential for a person's life, it is a source of energy and substances that enable the activity of all his organs. However, food is also a biological substance, which itself is subject to certain changes, sometimes targeted in their production or cooking, sometimes undesirable changes due to the activity of certain food components or the action of microorganisms.The primary role of each food processing plant should be to ensure daily proper cleaning and sanitation, thus ensuring perfect hygiene of the premises in operation due to the prevention of foodborne diseases. Based on the results obtained in our study, we can concluce that the sanitation regime in the evaluated premises of paff pastry production is at a good level and the disinfection in the production of puff pastry is effective. Aspiral Persteril 15 disinfectant at 0.4 % concentration and time exposure of 30 minutes was effective on all evaluated surfaces in individual monitored parts of production with the exception of puff pastry production part, where we recorded on technology, specifically on slicing knife 35 CFU (colony forming units) of total count of bacteria and 3 CFU of coliform bacteria after disinfection. The situation did not improve even until the begining of production, the total count of bacteria increase to 45 CFU and coliform bacteria to 4 CFU.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48715118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virulence Factors and Prevalence of Udder´s Pathogens in Dairy Cows during the Peripartal Period","authors":"Z. Farkašová, František Zigo, Z. Lacková","doi":"10.24203/ajafs.v9i6.6816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajafs.v9i6.6816","url":null,"abstract":"Data presented in this study described the prevalence of udder pathogens and presence of virulence factors in staphylococci isolated from mastitis in dairy cows. The practical part of study was realized in five different dairy herds of Slovak spotted cattle breed located in Eastern Slovakia with conventional (non-organic) farming. At the beginning of lactation (during first two months after calving) were comprehensively investigated 960 cows from monitored herds. The comprehensive examination included clinical examination, sensory analysis of milk from fore stripping of each udder quarter, followed by assessment of the California mastitis test (CMT) and laboratory analyses of bacteria pathogens. Screening the health status of the mammary gland revealed that 314 cows (32.7%) had positive CMT score (1-3) for one or more quarters. Out of 230 infected milk samples, representing 24.0% of all dairy cows examined, were the most commonly isolated staphylococci (59.1% of positive findings), followed by E. coli (11.3%), streptococci Str. uberis (9.1%), Str. agalactiae (3.4%), and enterococci (6.1%). From 136 isolates of coagulase negative stafylococci (98 isolates) and S. aureus (38 isolates) were detected some virulence factors such as production of hemolysins (lysines ß and δ), gelatinase, biofilm, and hydrolyze of DNA. Isolated S. aureus, S. chromogenes and S. warneri had the most numerous representation of detected virulence factors, as demonstrated by the increased incidence of clinical forms of mastitis compared to less virulent strains.","PeriodicalId":92332,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of agriculture and food science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41993673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}