Journal of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases最新文献

{"title":"Dopamine Transporter Density in <i>de novo</i> Parkinson's Disease Does Not Relate to the Development of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesias.","authors":"Andreas-Antonios Roussakis, Marta Gennaro, Nicholas P Lao-Kaim, David Towey, Paola Piccini","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Parkinson's disease (PD), the onset of levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) is difficult to predict. This study examines whether dopamine transporter (DAT)-specific SPECT imaging in <i>de novo</i> PD relates to later development of LIDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>42 <i>de novo</i> unilateral PD participants received DAT-specific SPECT imaging with ¹²³I-FP-CIT at time of diagnosis. At five years post-diagnosis, all PD patients were clinically evaluated and divided into two groups based on whether they had or had not developed LIDs. Fourteen gender- and age-matched healthy volunteers undertook ¹²³I-FP-CIT SPECT imaging and were included as controls. A semi-quantification approach was used for the ¹²³I-FP-CIT data using the occipital cortex as the reference region. We calculated specific binding ratios (SBR) for the caudate and putamen (posterior and anterior putaminal subregions). In parallel, we analysed our ¹²³I-FP-CIT dataset with a voxel-based analysis approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PD patients had significantly lower striatal ¹²³I-FP-CIT SBR values in comparison to controls (<i>p</i><0.001). After five years, dyskinetic patients (N=10) were taking higher daily doses of dopaminergic medication (<i>p</i><0.001) and had more severe disease (difference in Hoehn & Yahr staging scores <i>p</i><0.05) as compared to the non-dyskinetic group (N=32). At the time of diagnosis, ¹²³I-FP-CIT SBR values were not statistically different between the two groups for all striatal regions (<i>p</i>>0.05). SPM voxel-based analysis did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups (<i>p</i>>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>¹²³I-FP-CIT SPECT imaging, performed at diagnosis in <i>de novo</i> early-stage PD could not differentiate patients who will develop LIDs within five years from those who will not.</p>","PeriodicalId":92251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"3 1","pages":"10000"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6901354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Respiratory Phenotype of Rodent Models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Spinocerebellar Ataxia.","authors":"Anna F Fusco,&nbsp;Angela L McCall,&nbsp;Justin S Dhindsa,&nbsp;Logan A Pucci,&nbsp;Laura M Strickland,&nbsp;Amanda F Kahn,&nbsp;Mai K ElMallah","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) are neurodegenerative disorders that result in progressive motor dysfunction and ultimately lead to respiratory failure. Rodent models of neurodegenerative disorders provide a means to study the respiratory motor unit pathology that results in respiratory failure. In addition, they are important for pre-clinical studies of novel therapies that improve breathing, quality of life, and survival. The goal of this review is to compare the respiratory phenotype of two neurodegenerative disorders that have different pathological origins, but similar physiological outcomes. Manuscripts reviewed were identified using specific search terms and exclusion criteria. We excluded manuscripts that investigated novel therapeutics and only included those manuscripts that describe the respiratory pathology. The ALS manuscripts describe pathology in respiratory physiology, the phrenic and hypoglossal motor units, respiratory neural control centers, and accessory respiratory muscles. The SCA rodent model manuscripts characterized pathology in overall respiratory function, phrenic motor units and hypoglossal motor neurons. Overall, a combination of pathology in the respiratory motor units and control centers contribute to devastating respiratory dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":92251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6938301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37504844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Endoscopic Transorbital and Endonasal Repair of High Flow Orbital Apex/Middle Fossa Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak with a Nasoseptal Flap.","authors":"Brandon Lucke-Wold,&nbsp;Gustavo Mendez,&nbsp;David Cua,&nbsp;Paul Akins,&nbsp;Haley Gillham,&nbsp;Jeremy Ciporen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and importance: </strong>High flow orbital apex or middle fossa cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks can be life threatening and complex to repair. These leaks associated with large dural defects are most commonly repaired with an open temporalis muscle patch or free flaps, but these flaps do not always stop the leak.</p><p><strong>Clinical presentation: </strong>A 65-year-old patient presented two years after orbital exenteration and radiation for squamous cell carcinoma. He developed multi-organism meningitis and pneumocephalus secondary to a large high-flow orbital apex/middle fossa CSF leak. To repair the leak, a combined endoscopic transorbital/endonasal approach with pedicled nasospetal flap and dermis fat graft was used. We describe the unique endoscopic technique that was used to treat the life threatening high flow orbital apex/middle fossa CSF leak. The technique allowed the use of the transposed pedicled flap, which is an alternative to the free flap in controlling CSF leak. Cisternogram post-operatively and clinical exam confirmed resolution of CSF leak. Although a critically ill patient at admission with a modified Rankin scale (MRS) of 5, he was discharged home on continued IV antibiotic therapy with a MRS of 3. Endoscopic evaluation at three months after treatment showed the effectiveness of the flap and he continued to improve clinically.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first case to describe a combined endoscopic transorbital and endonasal repair of high flow orbital apex/middle fossa CSF leak with a pedicled nasoseptal flap. These techniques can be utilized during initial reconstruction after orbital exenteration or as a salvage flap.</p>","PeriodicalId":92251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5903292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36026496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}