Journal of community & public health nursing最新文献

{"title":"Political Efficacy and Political Participation among Nurses in Tertiary Hospitals,the Republic of Kenya","authors":"C. Ahoya, Kulwadee Abhichartibuttra, O. Wichaikhum","doi":"10.4172/2471-9846.1000142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000142","url":null,"abstract":"Nurses are health professionals with first-hand knowledge and expertise to influence health policy. This correlational descriptive study aimed to determine political efficacy, political participation and the relationship between political efficacy and political participation among nurses at the tertiary level hospitals, the Republic of Kenya. The sample consisted of 347 nurses from two tertiary level hospitals, selected using the stratified random sampling method. Research instruments were the Demographic data form, the Political Efficacy (PE) Scale, and the Political Participation (PP) Scale. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of both the PE and PP Scales were 0.82. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient. \u0000The results revealed that the overall scores for PE and PP were at moderate levels. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between PP and PE. The study results can be used by nurse administrators to develop strategies to improve nurse’s political efficacy and political participation.","PeriodicalId":92236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community & public health nursing","volume":"2016 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2471-9846.1000142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70315898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Returning Nursing to Nightingale: The Bigger Picture of MainstreamingKenya-Nursing Process","authors":"C. Rakuom, M. Wagoro, J. O. Mirereh, Sudi Galo","doi":"10.4172/2471-9846.1000140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000140","url":null,"abstract":"Application of all Nursing Process steps as a standard practice in nursing at national scale is a very rare occurrence in clinical practice and in nursing literature. This paper presents lessons learnt in the bigger picture of mainstreaming Nursing Process within a public sector context at national level covering issues on policy, financing, training, implementation (practice and management) and effects. It discusses Nursing Process in context; structuring discussion in a way integrating nursing theories, facilitating professional empowerment, ensuring higher quality nursing care, and nursing visibility and contributions in healthcare delivery. Based on practical experience in integrating Virginia Henderson’s need theory, Orem’s health systems theory, total nursing care and team nursing within Nursing Process, it suggests replacement of medical model paradigm with caring model paradigm to facilitate effective independence and meaningful dependence and interdependence in nursing operations. Thus significant organizational cultural shift is proposed. Nursing Process is presented as the principal vehicle propelling nursing profession and practices forward, sampling success stories that demonstrate effectiveness and improved patient care. On standardization of nursing language, new innovative ideas under Nursing Process steps of assessment, diagnosis, planning and documentation are presented with suggestions of a new approach in measuring Nursing Process implementation using Benner’s “stages of clinical competence” scale, focusing on levels of knowledge and skills in Nursing Process. In that thinking Nursing Process implementation is likely to succeed through challenges, especially when competency level is reached and surpassed; notwithstanding exogenous challenges such as restructuring in a health system or a political system that bear influence on nursing operations. It is proposed that nurturing Nursing Process implementation through training to competency level within the premise of “totality of knowledge and experience” is critical in achieving reasonable nursing visibility in clinical settings, enhancing quality nursing care, and ensuring sustainability through the principle of critical mass. Thus a significant shift from developing individual nurses in single bits to collective development of a nursing workforce in Nursing Process must be made, availing a committed and cohesive critical mass of nurses working towards achieving desired professional and organizational goals despite challenges; promoting Nursing Process practices to the level of organizational culture in healthcare delivery. This requires time, resources, commitment and above all, strong and focused leaderships in nursing.","PeriodicalId":92236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community & public health nursing","volume":"7 1","pages":"2-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2471-9846.1000140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70315838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statewide Breastfeeding Education Program Improves Maternity Staff Knowledge, Attitudes and Self-Efficacy","authors":"Susie Amick, J. Savage, M. Brewer, M. Wallace, S. McKasson","doi":"10.4172/2471-9846.1000139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000139","url":null,"abstract":"Louisiana breastfeeding rates are among the lowest in the United States with associated infant mortality and morbidity rates among the highest. To increase maternity nursing staff breastfeeding knowledge and to improve attitudes and self-efficacy towards evidence-based promotion of breastfeeding, a six contact-hour program promoting the state’s breastfeeding initiative, The Gift, was presented in 35 maternity hospital programs from 2008 to 2012 with 1086 participants. Mean post-test scores increased by an average of 25% (p<0.01), a strongly significant knowledge increase. Post-program evaluation analysis indicated increased confidence, as well as improved attitudes and self-efficacy of participants to implement evidence-based maternity care practices on which the state breastfeeding initiative and the global Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiatives are based. Programs, such as state’s maternity staff education program are effective in increasing breastfeeding knowledge, a critical component in increasing breastfeeding rates for improved outcomes for women and infants.","PeriodicalId":92236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community & public health nursing","volume":"2016 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2471-9846.1000139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70315773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Household Food Insecurity and Health among African American Women in Black Belt Counties of Alabama: Evidence from Mixed-Methods Research","authors":"A. Zekeri, C. C. Nnedu, S. Popoola, Youssouf Diabate","doi":"10.4172/2471-9846.1000138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000138","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: African Americans are more vulnerable to food insecurity than the American population overall. In Alabama’s Black Belt, food insecurity is more than three times the national average level. Yet, little is known about the association between food insecurity and health among African American women in the region. The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between food insecurity and health among African American low income mothers in Alabama’s Black Belt. Method: We conducted qualitative and quantitative research among 220 low-income African American mothers in a five-county area of Alabama’s Black Belt region that included Bullock, Dallas, Lowndes, Macon and Wilcox counties. Household food insecurity was measured with the United States Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Survey Module. Bivariate and multiple regression analysis were used to estimate the association between household food insecurity and health status. Results: Over 51% of the mothers and their children live in food insecure households. We present qualitative and quantitative evidence that food insecurity is significantly associated with self-rated health. The mothers living in food insecure household are more likely to report poor general health. Nearly one-fifth of the women interviewed complained of health problems, including high blood pressure, back pain, depression and asthma. Conclusion: The association of food insecurity with health, regardless of causal direction, shows the precarious situations poor single mothers in rural areas face. Reducing food insecurity among these mothers may improve their health status. The future direction of food insecurity research must go beyond just monitoring food insecurity to linking it with medical related out outcomes including health status.","PeriodicalId":92236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community & public health nursing","volume":"2016 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2471-9846.1000138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70315765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Trimester Prenatal Care and Local Obstetrical Delivery Options for Women in Poverty in Rural Virginia","authors":"M. deValpine, Matthew Jones, Deborah Bundy-Carpenter, J. Falk","doi":"10.4172/2471-9846.1000137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000137","url":null,"abstract":"Healthy People 2020 recommends improvements in rural women’s health in the United States, and specifically, prenatal care. A rural Virginia health department requested this study to assess prenatal care and obstetrical delivery options for impoverished women in the Central Shenandoah Valley. \u0000Births to resident mothers between 2000 and 2011 were examined by payer source, care source, first prenatal visit timing, and delivery location. Providers, public health nurses, and women were interviewed to assess barriers. \u0000Resident women delivered 32,423 infants between 2000 and 2011. Prenatal care initiation differed by payer source and care source. Approximately 89% of privately insured patients initiated prenatal care in the 1st trimester, compared to 66% of Medicaid, and 57% of uninsured women. Approximately 80% of private care women initiated prenatal care as recommended; 50% of public care women did so. Overall 21% of Central Valley women were unable to obtain 1st trimester prenatal care. \u0000Most obstetrical deliveries occur at two community hospitals. High risk deliveries are referred to a university hospital outside the region. Family practitioners are not credentialed for regional hospitals deliveries and provide no prenatal care. Most prenatal care is provided by four obstetrical practices. \u0000Interviewees differed regarding barriers to timely prenatal care. Providers identified insurance and cultural barriers. Public health nurses viewed referral mechanisms, insurance, culture, pregnancy denial, and transportation. Women identified finances and culture as barriers, but described them in complex ways. Culture, in their view, constructs a financial barrier and one they worked hard to overcome. Transportation was not identified as a barrier but rather a matter of course in rural areas. \u0000It is not surprising that impoverished women frequently fail to obtain timely prenatal care. Policy solutions to improve this situation include addressing financial barriers. However, given that impoverished women face many social barriers in addition to finances, solutions that enhance evidence-based case management and home visiting programs recommend to achieve the best outcomes.","PeriodicalId":92236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community & public health nursing","volume":"2016 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2471-9846.1000137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70315757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dementia–The Worldwide Burden. We Need to Act","authors":"B. Pajk","doi":"10.4172/2471-9846.1000E113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000E113","url":null,"abstract":"Dementia is an important social and health care problem worldwide. The countries are dealing with this problem the best way they can. Therefore Alzheimer Europe launched the Glasgow Declaration in 2014, and the same day it was adopted unanimously by delegates from 26 Alzheimer Europe member organisations. In Slovenia, which is really a small central European country with a population of only 2 069 815 inhabitants [1] 1752 people signed the Glasgow Declaration. This puts our country at the first place among all the signatures countries. The aim of Glasgow Declaration is to recognise dementia as a public health priority and to develop a global action plan on dementia and national strategies in every country in Europe, and finally to promote the rights, dignity and autonomy of people living with dementia [2]. Slovenia accepted the National strategy in April 2016, and now is the right time to move forward and to put strategies into practice.","PeriodicalId":92236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community & public health nursing","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70316945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Directly Observed Treatment Strategy Still a Challenge in Tuberculosis Control:The South African Plight","authors":"Winifred Nohaji, N. Sokhela, N. Nonkelela","doi":"10.4172/2471-9846.1000136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000136","url":null,"abstract":"The challenges in the management of tuberculosis (TB) are clearly manifested by the escalating numbers of not only the ordinary tuberculosis but also the drug resistant forms of TB, namely MDR-(Multi-Drug Resistance) and XDR-TB (Extreme Drug Resistance-Tuberculosis). The management of tuberculosis in SA and the whole world has been ranked as a priority due to its impact on health and economy. The effectiveness of Directly Observed Treatment Strategy (DOTS) as a strategy for the control of TB and its treatment is affected by a variety of socioeconomic issues around the world and particularly in the developing countries. This study was conducted to highlight the challenges faced by the country in the control tuberculosis even in the implementation of the directly observed treatment strategy.","PeriodicalId":92236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community & public health nursing","volume":"2016 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70315688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An RN/CHW Exemplar: Managing Hypertension in an Urban Community","authors":"Peijia Zha, C. Sickora, S. Chase, Meaghan Erlewein","doi":"10.4172/2471-9846.1000135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000135","url":null,"abstract":"This effectiveness study was designed to evaluate a community-based registered nurse (RN)/Community Health Worker (CHW) healthcare delivery model. In an effort to improve clinical outcomes by decreasing blood pressures in \u0000 a predominantly low income, African American Community the RN/CHW team provided regular blood pressure \u0000 monitoring to residents of four public housing developments in Newark, NJ. A retrospective chart review was \u0000 conducted at the Jordan and Harris Community Health Center (J&HCHC). The Center was established in 2011 with \u0000 funding from the Health Resources Services Administration (HRSA) of the US Department of Health and Human \u0000 Services. The goal of the J&HCHC was to demonstrate the effectiveness of an RN managed clinical site on health \u0000 outcomes. Community engagement and empowerment were the cornerstones of the endeavor. Employing residents \u0000 from the community as CHWs supports this community based model of healthcare delivery. Hypertension is one of \u0000 the most common chronic illnesses affecting the adult population residing in the housing developments served by \u0000 the J&HCHC. The preliminary results demonstrate that there was a significant decrease in mean systolic pressure \u0000 for three years and the diastolic pressures decreased for three years with a statistically significant drop for one of the \u0000 three years. This study reveals the potential contribution that a community-based RN/CHW healthcare delivery \u0000 model can have in addressing health disparities in underserved communities.","PeriodicalId":92236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community & public health nursing","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2471-9846.1000135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70315677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing CenteringParenting in Well Child Clinics: Mothersâ Nursesâ andDecision Makersâ Perspectives","authors":"D. Mcneil, J. C. Johnston, G. V. D. Lee, Nicole Wallace","doi":"10.4172/2471-9846.1000134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000134","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of mothers, nurses and decision-makers involved in implemening CenteringParenting (CP) in two Public Health (PH) clinics. \u0000Design: Families participated in Public Health Nurse (PHN) facilitated health assessments, parent-led discussions, and vaccination within a group space at six timepoints in their children’s first year of life. Following completion of the program, mothers, nurses, and decision-makers participated in focus groups or individual interviews to discuss their experiences in CP. Qualitative data, collected via open-ended questions, were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. Themes and sub-themes were identified. \u0000Results: Thirteen mothers, five nurses and four decision makers were interviewed. Mothers found the program valuable in meeting their need for peer and personal support, information, and skill development. Nurses, although enjoying the opportunity to participate in the CP model, experienced challenges with the group model. Decisionmakers identified the need for new ways of thinking. \u0000Conclusion: The CP program provided benefits to new mothers beyond what they expected. PHN facilitators experienced conflicts with standard practice, but were committed to making it work. Addressing logistical challenges will be required prior to expansion.","PeriodicalId":92236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community & public health nursing","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2471-9846.1000134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70315628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Health System Transformation on Two Main Public Health Issues:Prenatal Care and Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination","authors":"N. Aydın, B. Özcirpici, F. Coşkun, H. Tuzun, S. Özgür","doi":"10.4172/2471-9846.1000133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000133","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Health care systems in many countries are changing, for a variety of reasons. This brings both opportunities and threats for public health professionals. Monitoring of preventive services becomes more important during these transition periods. \u0000Objective: It was aimed to determine tetanus toxoid vaccination and prenatal care coverage of mothers, to establish how routine services are affected by changes in the health care system. \u0000Methods: Two descriptive, cross-sectional studies were conducted in the city center of Gaziantep, Turkey by the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling Technique. The first study was applied just before transition, and the second was applied one year after transition to family medicine. \u0000Results: While a total of 82.8% mothers received first dose of tetanus toxoid in Gaziantep before the transition, it increased significantly to 90.1% (p<0.005) after the family medicine. Of the mothers, 82.8% received prenatal care before transition, it was 92.5% after family medicine (p<0.005). The percentage of mothers who gave birth in a health facility declined to 98.1% from 99.3%. The number of unacceptable lots dicreased from 22 lots to 10 lots after system change. \u0000Conclusion: A relatively high coverage was achieved for the first dose of tetanus toxoid and, prenatal care after family medicine. However, the coverage for booster doses are still under to be desired.","PeriodicalId":92236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community & public health nursing","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2471-9846.1000133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70315616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}