Botanical Gazette最新文献_第5页

Ultrastructural Investigation of Humariaceae (Pezizales, Ascomycetes). II. Ascosporogenesis in Selected Genera of the Ciliarieae 菊科子囊菌的超微结构研究。2纤毛虫属的子囊孢子发生

Botanical Gazette Pub Date : 1991-12-01 DOI: 10.1086/337903

Chi-Guang Wu, J. Kimbrough

引用次数: 15

Gas Exchange Responses to Variable Sunlight in Two Sonoran Desert Herbs: Comparison with Subalpine Species 两种索诺兰沙漠草本植物对变化阳光的气体交换响应:与亚高山植物的比较

Botanical Gazette Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1086/337889

A. Knapp, W. K. Smith

{"title":"Gas Exchange Responses to Variable Sunlight in Two Sonoran Desert Herbs: Comparison with Subalpine Species","authors":"A. Knapp, W. K. Smith","doi":"10.1086/337889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/337889","url":null,"abstract":"Responses in net photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance to water vapor (g) in two Sonoran desert herbaceous perennials exposed to atypical conditions of variable sunlight were compared to previously documented responses in subalpine herbs that grow in an environment of extreme sunlight variability. In the desert herb Penstemon parryi, little variation in g (< 80 mmol m-2 s-1) or xylem pressure potential (ψ) was observed during periods of sunlight variability, although A varied substantially. This response was consistent with those subalpine plants that also maintained relatively constant ψ during sun/shade periods. ψ differed significantly between sun and shade periods in the desert herb Ambrosia ambrosioides (-1.65 vs. -1.36 MPa, respectively), and reductions in g during shade were as rapid (24.5 mmol m-2 s-1min-1) as observed in subalpine species with similarly variable ψ. However, recovery in g during sun periods occurred at a rate well below that measured in subalpine herbs. Thus, alterations in g did not closely correspond to variations in A and sunlight in this desert herb. This response pattern was unlike any measured in 22 subalpine species previously studied. Rapid recovery in g during sun periods that follow shade has likely been selected for in subalpine herbs that are exposed daily to sunlight variability. Such a response can substantially increase carbon gain. We suggest that the benefits of a strong tracking response in g to variations in A and sunlight are not realized in desert environments with relatively constant solar regimes. However, rapid stomatal closure during shade periods does insure higher water use efficiency and the potential for recovery in ψ in this desert herb.","PeriodicalId":9213,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Gazette","volume":"152 1","pages":"269 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60238323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Water-Conducting Cells in Early Fossil Land Plants: Implications for the Early Evolution of Tracheophytes 早期陆地植物化石中的导水细胞:对管生植物早期进化的启示

Botanical Gazette Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1086/337897

P. Kenrick, P. Crane

{"title":"Water-Conducting Cells in Early Fossil Land Plants: Implications for the Early Evolution of Tracheophytes","authors":"P. Kenrick, P. Crane","doi":"10.1086/337897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/337897","url":null,"abstract":"Wall structure in the water-conducting cells of Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii and Asteroxylon mackiei from the Lower Devonian Rhynie Chert was examined and compared using thin sections and scanning electron microscopy of etched sections. Although the internal thickenings of these cells are superficially similar in both plants, there are significant differences in other aspects of wall structure. The tracheids of A. mackiei are shown to be of a basic type (G-type) that is common in some early land plant fossils such as zosterophylls and lycopods, and they are comparable to protoxylem elements in some extant `pteridophytes'. The \"tracheids\" of R. gwynne-vaughanii are more similar to another kind of water-conducting cell (S-type) that combines certain features of tracheids and moss hydroids. The S-type cell is known from two other Lower Devonian sporophytes, Stockmansella langii and Huvenia kleui, supporting recent suggestions that these three taxa form a natural group. S-type cells are also found in the gametophyte Sciadophyton sp. as well as two taxa, Sennicaulis hippocrepiformis and Taeniocrada dubia, for which reproductive structures are unknown. The water-conducting tissues of other early land plants are briefly reviewed and detailed reconstructions of the S-type and G-type cell are provided. A preliminary cladistic analysis focusing on the Rhyniophytina of Banks results in the recognition of a `protracheophyte' grade, as well as a small clade, the Rhyniaceae, comprising Rhynia, Stockmansella, and Huvenia. If the tracheid-like features of S-type and G-type cells are regarded as homologous, then the Rhyniaceae are resolved as the basal clade that forms the sister group to all other tracheophytes. The occurrence of a more or less isomorphic alternation of generations in some Devonian `protracheophytes' and the Rhyniaceae implies that the gametophytes of all extant `pteridophytes' are phylogenetically reduced.","PeriodicalId":9213,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Gazette","volume":"152 1","pages":"335 - 356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/337897","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60238606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 130

Bud Development in Vitis vinifera L. 葡萄芽发育的研究。

Botanical Gazette Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1086/337894

J. C. Morrison

{"title":"Bud Development in Vitis vinifera L.","authors":"J. C. Morrison","doi":"10.1086/337894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/337894","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the complex hierarchy of axillary buds in Vitis vinifera L. cv Cabernet Sauvignon is described. Developmental differences between lateral and compound buds and between the compound bud and the apex of the growing shoot are discussed. Differences include the position and timing of bud initiation, the position of the first uncommitted primordium and the timing of its differentiation, and the ability of the compound bud to overwinter in a dormant state. Evidence confirming the monopodial development of the grape shoot includes the persistence of first-order axillary buds in each leaf axil of this species regardless of the position of the node relative to inflorescence or tendril insertion, the uninterrupted plane of phyllotaxy in field-grown vines, and morphological evidence of the lateral origin of uncommitted primordia. The initiation and early development of tendril and inflorescence primordia are described, and evidence supporting Bugnon's interpretation of these organs as shoot homologs is discussed. Shoot development in V. vinifera is interpreted as a highly modified form of distichous phyllotaxy in which each node bears a single leaf or modified leaf subtending an axillary bud or bud homolog. Some nodes bear foliage leaves subtending lateral buds; other nodes bear modified leaves (bracts) subtending bud homologs (tendrils or inflorescences). The unusual position of tendrils and inflorescences opposite the leaf results from the failure of the internodes separating bract-bearing nodes from leaf-bearing nodes to elongate.","PeriodicalId":9213,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Gazette","volume":"152 1","pages":"304 - 315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/337894","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60238448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 64

Anatomical Aspects of Hybrid Embryo Abortion in the Genus Lens L. 凤仙花属杂交胚胎败育的解剖学特征。

Botanical Gazette Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1086/337895

S. Abbo, G. Ladizinsky

{"title":"Anatomical Aspects of Hybrid Embryo Abortion in the Genus Lens L.","authors":"S. Abbo, G. Ladizinsky","doi":"10.1086/337895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/337895","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid embryo abortion at about 14 days after pollination (DAP) is typical of crosses between the cultivated lentil, Lens culinaris, and the wild species L. ervoides, regardless of the direction of the cross. Hybrid embryo abortion was also observed in crosses between the cultivated lentil and specific accessions of its wild progenitor, L. orientalis, and between these accessions and L. ervoides. The embryos of the parental lines of these three taxa reached the globular stage ca. 5 DAP; the cotyledons, shoot, and root primordia were observed ca. 10 DAP, and the immature seeds reached their final size ca. 14 DAP. The embryos were surrounded by a thin layer of endosperm that disappeared when the immature seeds reached their final size. The development of the hybrid embryos and endosperm was similar to that of the parental lines up to the globular stage; after this stage retarded development and progressive necrosis were detected. At 14 DAP the hybrid embryos contained smaller cotyledons, initiations of shoot and root primordia, and remnants of the endosperm. Through the use of embryo culture hybrid embryos can be grown into vegetatively normal plants that are partially fertile. The genus Lens is therefore proposed as a model system for the genetic analysis of hybrid embryo abortion.","PeriodicalId":9213,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Gazette","volume":"152 1","pages":"316 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60238490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 30

Anatomy and Ultrastructure of the Haustorium of Cassytha pubescens R. Br. I. The Adhesive Disk 茜草吸器的解剖与超微结构。1 .光盘

Botanical Gazette Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1086/337896

H. Heide-Jørgensen

引用次数: 21

Nordenskioldia and Trochodendron (Trochodendraceae) from the Miocene of Northwestern North America 北美西北部中新世的北竹属植物和木杖属植物(木杖科)

Botanical Gazette Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1086/337898

S. Manchester, P. Crane, D. Dilcher

{"title":"Nordenskioldia and Trochodendron (Trochodendraceae) from the Miocene of Northwestern North America","authors":"S. Manchester, P. Crane, D. Dilcher","doi":"10.1086/337898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/337898","url":null,"abstract":"The extinct trochodendraceous genus Nordenskioldia, well represented in the Paleocene of the Northern Hemisphere, is documented for the first time from the Neogene, based upon infructescences, fruits, associated twigs, and foliage from the Miocene of Idaho, Washington, and southern British Columbia. The infructescences and fruits, assigned to Nordenskioldia interglacialis (Hollick) comb. nov., are very similar to Paleocene N. borealis, but differ in ranging to a higher number of carpels per fruit and in being less regularly dehiscent. The leaves, Zizyphoides auriculata (Heer) comb. nov., formerly attributed to Populus and Cocculus, are clearly congeneric with the leaves associated with Nordenskioldia in Paleocene deposits. Zizyphoides auriculata leaves differ from Paleocene Z. flabellum in having generally more prominent dentations along the margin and a broader divergence of the lateral primary veins. Excellent preservation of the Miocene material reveals features not preserved in the Paleocene specimens, and in particular, lignified fruitlets clearly show aborted ovules in addition to the single mature seed. Infructescences of Trochodendron are also documented from the same Miocene localities at which N. interglacialis occurs. The close similarities between Paleocene and Miocene species of Nordenskioldia, and also between the Miocene and extant species of Trochodendron, suggest relative stasis in the morphological evolution of the Trochodendraceae over intervals of up to 45 million years.","PeriodicalId":9213,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Gazette","volume":"152 1","pages":"357 - 368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60238155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 49

Ecophysiological Responses of C3 Forbs and C4 Grasses to Drought and Rain on a Tallgrass Prairie in Northeastern Kansas 堪萨斯州东北部高草草原C3牧草和C4牧草对旱雨的生理生态响应

Botanical Gazette Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1086/337887

C. Martin, F. Harris, F. Norman

引用次数: 22

Back Matter 回到问题

Botanical Gazette Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1086/botanicalgazette.152.3.2995222

Paul, E. Lester

引用次数: 0

Upper Cretaceous Conifer Leaf Fossils from the Black Creek Formation with an Assessment of Affinities Using Principal Components Analysis 黑溪组上白垩世针叶树叶化石与主成分分析的亲缘性评价

Botanical Gazette Pub Date : 1991-09-01 DOI: 10.1086/337900

Linda A. Raubeson, P. Gensel

引用次数: 16