Proceedings of the ... ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems. ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems最新文献

{"title":"The complexity of evaluating path expressions in SPARQL","authors":"Katja Losemann, W. Martens","doi":"10.1145/2213556.2213573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2213556.2213573","url":null,"abstract":"The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recently introduced property paths in SPARQL 1.1, a query language for RDF data. Property paths allow SPARQL queries to evaluate regular expressions over graph data. However, they differ from standard regular expressions in several notable aspects. For example, they have a limited form of negation, they have numerical occurrence indicators as syntactic sugar, and their semantics on graphs is defined in a non-standard manner. We formalize the W3C semantics of property paths and investigate various query evaluation problems on graphs. More specifically, let x and y be two nodes in an edge-labeled graph and r be an expression. We study the complexities of (1) deciding whether there exists a path from x to y that matches r and (2) counting how many paths from x to y match r. Our main results show that, compared to an alternative semantics of regular expressions on graphs, the complexity of (1) and (2) under W3C semantics is significantly higher. Whereas the alternative semantics remains in polynomial time for large fragments of expressions, the W3C semantics makes problems (1) and (2) intractable almost immediately.\u0000 As a side-result, we prove that the membership problem for regular expressions with numerical occurrence indicators and negation is in polynomial time.","PeriodicalId":92118,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems. ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"101-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89254062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indexability of 2D range search revisited: constant redundancy and weak indivisibility","authors":"Yufei Tao","doi":"10.1145/2213556.2213577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2213556.2213577","url":null,"abstract":"In the 2D orthogonal range search problem, we want to preprocess a set of 2D points so that, given any axis-parallel query rectangle, we can report all the data points in the rectangle efficiently. This paper presents a lower bound on the query time that can be achieved by any external memory structure that stores a point at most r times, where r is a constant integer. Previous research has resolved the bound at two extremes: r = 1, and r being arbitrarily large. We, on the other hand, derive the explicit tradeoff at every specific r. A premise that lingers in existing studies is the so-called indivisibility assumption: all the information bits of a point are treated as an atom, i.e., they are always stored together in the same block. We partially remove this assumption by allowing a data structure to freely divide a point into individual bits stored in different blocks. The only assumption is that, those bits must be retrieved for reporting, as opposed to being computed -- we refer to this requirement as the weak indivisibility assumption. We also describe structures to show that our lower bound is tight up to only a small factor.","PeriodicalId":92118,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems. ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems","volume":"69 1","pages":"131-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85629682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What next?: a half-dozen data management research goals for big data and the cloud","authors":"S. Chaudhuri","doi":"10.1145/2213556.2213558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2213556.2213558","url":null,"abstract":"In this short paper, I describe six data management research challenges relevant for Big Data and the Cloud. Although some of these problems are not new, their importance is amplified by Big Data and Cloud Computing.","PeriodicalId":92118,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems. ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85101018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The power of the dinur-nissim algorithm: breaking privacy of statistical and graph databases","authors":"K. Choromanski, T. Malkin","doi":"10.1145/2213556.2213570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2213556.2213570","url":null,"abstract":"A few years ago, Dinur and Nissim (PODS, 2003) proposed an algorithm for breaking database privacy when statistical queries are answered with a perturbation error of magnitude o(√n) for a database of size n. This negative result is very strong in the sense that it completely reconstructs Ω(n) data bits with an algorithm that is simple, uses random queries, and does not put any restriction on the perturbation other than its magnitude. Their algorithm works for a model where the database consists of bits, and the statistical queries asked by the adversary are sum queries for a subset of locations.\u0000 In this paper we extend the attack to work for much more general settings in terms of the type of statistical query allowed, the database domain, and the general tradeoff between perturbation and privacy. Specifically, we prove: For queries of the type ∑in=1 φixi; where φ_{i} are i.i.d. and with a finite third moment and positive variance (this includes as a special case the sum queries of Dinur-Nissim and several subsequent extensions), we prove that the quadratic relation between the perturbation and what the adversary can reconstruct holds even for smaller perturbations, and even for a larger data domain. If φi is Gaussian, Poissonian, or bounded and of positive variance, this holds for arbitrary data domains and perturbation; for other φi this holds as long as the domain is not too large and the perturbation is not too small. A positive result showing that for a sum query the negative result mentioned above is tight. Specifically, we build a distribution on bit databases and an answering algorithm such that any adversary who wants to recover a little more than the negative result above allows, will not succeed except with negligible probability. We consider a richer class of summation queries, focusing on databases representing graphs, where each entry is an edge, and the query is a structural function of a subgraph. We show an attack that recovers a big portion of the graph edges, as long as the graph and the function satisfy certain properties.\u0000 The attacking algorithms in both our negative results are straight-forward extensions of the Dinur-Nissim attack, based on asking φ-weighted queries or queries choosing a subgraph uniformly at random. The novelty of our work is in the analysis, showing that this simple attack is much more powerful than was previously known, as well as pointing to possible limits of this approach and putting forth new application domains such as graph problems (which may occur in social networks, Internet graphs, etc). These results may find applications not only for breaking privacy, but also in the positive direction, for recovering complicated structure information using inaccurate estimates about its substructures.","PeriodicalId":92118,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems. ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems","volume":"25 1","pages":"65-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73166509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local transformations and conjunctive-query equivalence","authors":"Ronald Fagin, Phokion G. Kolaitis","doi":"10.1145/2213556.2213583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2213556.2213583","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past several decades, the study of conjunctive queries has occupied a central place in the theory and practice of database systems. In recent years, conjunctive queries have played a prominent role in the design and use of schema mappings for data integration and data exchange tasks. In this paper, we investigate several different aspects of conjunctive-query equivalence in the context of schema mappings and data exchange.\u0000 In the first part of the paper, we introduce and study a notion of a local transformation between database instances that is based on conjunctive-query equivalence. We show that the chase procedure for GLAV mappings (that is, schema mappings specified by source-to-target tuple-generating dependencies) is a local transformation with respect to conjunctive-query equivalence. This means that the chase procedure preserves bounded conjunctive-query equivalence, that is, if two source instances are indistinguishable using conjunctive queries of a sufficiently large size, then the target instances obtained by chasing these two source instances are also indistinguishable using conjunctive queries of a given size. Moreover, we obtain polynomial bounds on the level of indistinguishability between source instances needed to guarantee indistinguishability between the target instances produced by the chase. The locality of the chase extends to schema mappings specified by a second-order tuple-generating dependency (SO tgd), but does not hold for schema mappings whose specification includes target constraints.\u0000 In the second part of the paper, we take a closer look at the composition of two GLAV mappings. In particular, we break GLAV mappings into a small number of well-studied classes (including LAV and GAV), and complete the picture as to when the composition of schema mappings from these various classes can be guaranteed to be a GLAV mapping, and when they can be guaranteed to be conjunctive-query equivalent to a GLAV mapping.\u0000 We also show that the following problem is decidable: given a schema mapping specified by an SO tgd and a GLAV mapping, are they conjunctive-query equivalent? In contrast, the following problem is known to be undecidable: given a schema mapping specified by an SO tgd and a GLAV mapping, are they logically equivalent?","PeriodicalId":92118,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems. ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems","volume":"55 1","pages":"179-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73595739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Static analysis and optimization of semantic web queries","authors":"Andrés Letelier, Jorge Pérez, R. Pichler, Sebastian Skritek","doi":"10.1145/2213556.2213572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2213556.2213572","url":null,"abstract":"Static analysis is a fundamental task in query optimization. In this paper we study static analysis and optimization techniques for SPARQL, which is the standard language for querying Semantic Web data. Of particular interest for us is the optionality feature in SPARQL. It is crucial in Semantic Web data management, where data sources are inherently incomplete and the user is usually interested in partial answers to queries. This feature is one of the most complicated constructors in SPARQL and also the one that makes this language depart from classical query languages such as relational conjunctive queries. We focus on the class of well-designed SPARQL queries, which has been proposed in the literature as a fragment of the language with good properties regarding query evaluation. We first propose a tree representation for SPARQL queries, called pattern trees, which captures the class of well-designed SPARQL graph patterns and which can be considered as a query execution plan. Among other results, we propose several transformation rules for pattern trees, a simple normal form, and study equivalence and containment. We also study the enumeration and counting problems for this class of queries.","PeriodicalId":92118,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems. ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems","volume":"33 1","pages":"89-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81969497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space-efficient range reporting for categorical data","authors":"Yakov Nekrich","doi":"10.1145/2213556.2213575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2213556.2213575","url":null,"abstract":"In the colored (or categorical) range reporting problem the set of input points is partitioned into categories and stored in a data structure; a query asks for categories of points that belong to the query range. In this paper we study two-dimensional colored range reporting in the external memory model and present I/O-efficient data structures for this problem.\u0000 In particular, we describe data structures that answer three-sided colored reporting queries in <i>O</i>(<i>K/B</i>) I/Os and two-dimensional colored reporting queries in(log₂log<i>_B N</i> + <i>K/B</i>) I/Os when points lie on an <i>N</i> x <i>N</i> grid, <i>K</i> is the number of reported colors, and <i>B</i> is the block size. The space usage of both data structures is close to optimal.","PeriodicalId":92118,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems. ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems","volume":"509 1","pages":"113-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76400770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The wavelet trie: maintaining an indexed sequence of strings in compressed space","authors":"R. Grossi, G. Ottaviano","doi":"10.1145/2213556.2213586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2213556.2213586","url":null,"abstract":"An indexed sequence of strings is a data structure for storing a string sequence that supports random access, searching, range counting and analytics operations, both for exact matches and prefix search. String sequences lie at the core of column-oriented databases, log processing, and other storage and query tasks. In these applications each string can appear several times and the order of the strings in the sequence is relevant. The prefix structure of the strings is relevant as well: common prefixes are sought in strings to extract interesting features from the sequence. Moreover, space-efficiency is highly desirable as it translates directly into higher performance, since more data can fit in fast memory.\u0000 We introduce and study the problem of compressed indexed sequence of strings, representing indexed sequences of strings in nearly-optimal compressed space, both in the static and dynamic settings, while preserving provably good performance for the supported operations.\u0000 We present a new data structure for this problem, the Wavelet Trie, which combines the classical Patricia Trie with the Wavelet Tree, a succinct data structure for storing a compressed sequence. The resulting Wavelet Trie smoothly adapts to a sequence of strings that changes over time. It improves on the state-of-the-art compressed data structures by supporting a dynamic alphabet (i.e. the set of distinct strings) and prefix queries, both crucial requirements in the aforementioned applications, and on traditional indexes by reducing space occupancy to close to the entropy of the sequence.","PeriodicalId":92118,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems. ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems","volume":"7 1","pages":"203-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89985976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approximate computation and implicit regularization for very large-scale data analysis","authors":"Michael W. Mahoney","doi":"10.1145/2213556.2213579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2213556.2213579","url":null,"abstract":"Database theory and database practice are typically the domain of computer scientists who adopt what may be termed an algorithmic perspective on their data. This perspective is very different than the more statistical perspective adopted by statisticians, scientific computers, machine learners, and other who work on what may be broadly termed statistical data analysis. In this article, I will address fundamental aspects of this algorithmic-statistical disconnect, with an eye to bridging the gap between these two very different approaches. A concept that lies at the heart of this disconnect is that of statistical regularization, a notion that has to do with how robust is the output of an algorithm to the noise properties of the input data. Although it is nearly completely absent from computer science, which historically has taken the input data as given and modeled algorithms discretely, regularization in one form or another is central to nearly every application domain that applies algorithms to noisy data. By using several case studies, I will illustrate, both theoretically and empirically, the nonobvious fact that approximate computation, in and of itself, can implicitly lead to statistical regularization. This and other recent work suggests that, by exploiting in a more principled way the statistical properties implicit in worst-case algorithms, one can in many cases satisfy the bicriteria of having algorithms that are scalable to very large-scale databases and that also have good inferential or predictive properties.","PeriodicalId":92118,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems. ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems","volume":"20 1","pages":"143-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78469111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verification of relational data-centric dynamic systems with external services","authors":"Babak Bagheri Hariri, Diego Calvanese, Giuseppe De Giacomo, Alin Deutsch, M. Montali","doi":"10.1145/2463664.2465221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2463664.2465221","url":null,"abstract":"Data-centric dynamic systems are systems where both the process controlling the dynamics and the manipulation of data are equally central. We study verification of (first-order) mu-calculus variants over relational data-centric dynamic systems, where data are maintained in a relational database, and the process is described in terms of atomic actions that evolve the database. Action execution may involve calls to external services, thus inserting fresh data into the system. As a result such systems are infinite-state. We show that verification is undecidable in general, and we isolate notable cases where decidability is achieved. Specifically we start by considering service calls that return values deterministically (depending only on passed parameters). We show that in a mu-calculus variant that preserves knowledge of objects appeared along a run we get decidability under the assumption that the fresh data introduced along a run are bounded, though they might not be bounded in the overall system. In fact we tie such a result to a notion related to weak acyclicity studied in data exchange. Then, we move to nondeterministic services and we investigate decidability under the assumption that knowledge of objects is preserved only if they are continuously present. We show that if infinitely many values occur in a run but do not accumulate in the same state, then we get again decidability. We give syntactic conditions to avoid this accumulation through the novel notion of \"generate-recall acyclicity\", which ensures that every service call activation generates new values that cannot be accumulated indefinitely.","PeriodicalId":92118,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems. ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems","volume":"40 1","pages":"163-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90175389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}