Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"The frequency of the bony parameters of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome in young asymptomatic individuals: a computed tomography study","authors":"Menekşe Cengiz, Ayşe Keven, S. Öztürk, Hande Salim, Murat Gölpınar, K. Gökkuş, M. Sindel","doi":"10.2399/ana.21.990828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ana.21.990828","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome is a painful disorder of the hip formed by movements in the hip joint between the femoral head-neck junction and the acetabular edge. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of radiological femoroacetabular impingement syndrome findings in a young, asymptomatic Turkish population. Methods: A total of 1000 abdominal pelvic CT images were collected from patients aged between 18–40 years. Measurements were taken on the CT images of the alpha angle and femoral head offset as signs of cam-type deformity, and of the acetabular version angle and center-edge angle as signs of pincer-type deformity. Results: Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome was determined in 2.3% of the individuals. Pincer type deformity was determined in 56.5%, being 83.3% in females and 47.1% in males. The cam-type deformity was present in 43.5% of all cases, being in 16.7% of the females and in 52.9% of the males. No difference was determined between the genders in respect of alpha angle which is >55°. A head-neck offset which is <8 mm was at a higher rate in females (13.3%) than males. An acetabular anteversion angle which is <15° and centre-edge angle which is >40° was more in males than females at a rate of 11% and 25.2% respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the incidence of cam-type deformity in the adult males and the incidence of pincer-type deformity in the adult females were lower in the asymptomatic Turkish population than previously reported in literature.","PeriodicalId":91999,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83834985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the moderate toxicity of agricultural pesticides cyantraniliprole, boscalid and spiromesifen in vitro using neurotoxicity screening test","authors":"E. Karakayali, Duygu Kekeç, Tuna Önal, M. Tuğlu","doi":"10.2399/ANA.21.911509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ANA.21.911509","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Although industrial products used as agricultural pesticides are considered safe, they are likely to lead to chronic problems due to their long-term effects. The neurotoxicity screening test (NST) is a method based on the inhibition of neurite extension of neurons that do not not die with toxic effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the moderate neurotoxic effects and reveal the potential dangers of agricultural pesticides in vitro using NST. Methods: Cyantraniliprole, boscalid and spiromesifen were used as agricultural pesticides on the mouse neuroblastoma cell line N2a. Neurite extension of neurons was performed by taking them into the proliferation medium followed by the differentiation medium. Cell viability and proliferation were analyzed using the MTT test. The percentage of neurite inhibition was calculated by measuring neurite outgrowth by NST. Oxidative stress was analyzed by NOS staining with h-score and apoptosis was shown using the apoptotic index in TUNEL staining. Results: Cyantraniliprole, boscalid and spiromesifen at high concentrations caused neurite inhibition, decreased proliferation and reduced the viability of cultured neurons. These agricultural pesticides were found to be significantly moderate toxic for neurons by increasing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Conclusion: We conclude neurite inhibition may be important in early recognition for detecting and preventing the neurotoxic effect of pesticides, and NST is an important in vitro test that can predict the long-term effects of neurotoxic agents. In the present study, we observed cyantraniliprole, boscalid and spiromesifen had moderate neurotoxic effects in varying degrees using NST. This means that pesticides may behave toxic even in permissible limits for chronic exposure.","PeriodicalId":91999,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81146993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico transcriptomic analysis of ascending colon cancer unearths known and novel genes and gene sets regard to characteristic features of colon cancer","authors":"Can Türk","doi":"10.2399/ANA.21.852318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ANA.21.852318","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Colon cancer emerges as a serious health problem in both men and women. Cancers in the colon have different genotypes and phenotypes according to the anatomical region. Tumors in ascending colon are usually diagnosed later, but it is more malignant than the descending and transverse colon, and the survival rates of patients are lower than other regions. The purpose of this study was to determine significantly high or low expressed genes in the ascending colon tumors by comparing all genome information obtained from cancer samples of ascending, transverse and descending colon. In concordance with all this information, another aim of the study was to identify the pathways to which the genes obtained from the colon in the large intestine and to determine their relationship with each other and to correlate them with the characteristics of cancer. Methods: Gene expression values for three subtypes of colon cancer as ascending, transverse, and descending were obtained from GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) (GSE41258). Data included a total of 47 ascending, 18 transverse and 31 descending colon cancer patient samples. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine differentially expressed genes. Gene Cluster 3.0 was used in order to cluster the genes hierarchically. In addition to linear regression and hierarchical clustering, network analysis with multivariable genes was performed in Cytoscape application 3.8.2 using GeneMANIA. GSEA 4.1.0 (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) was performed to understand the different genes among the specified groups. Results: As a result of these analyses, it was determined that there were 85 genes with high expression and 139 genes with low expression in the ascending colon tumor samples. It has been shown that these genes can differentiate tumor samples in the ascending colon better than tumor samples in other colon regions. Conclusion: Our findings are important for understanding the genome of ascending colon tumors; if these findings are confirmed in vitro and clinically, it may have potential to be revealed that the identified genes also have biomarker properties for tumors in the ascending colon.","PeriodicalId":91999,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76656704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In dedication to Doğan Taner (1930–2021)","authors":"D. Demiryürek","doi":"10.2399/ana.21.ob01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ana.21.ob01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91999,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77940061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometry of the hyoid bone: a radiological anatomy study","authors":"A. Dursun, Mehtap Ayazoğlu, V. Ayyıldız, Y. Kastamoni, Kenan Öztürk, S. Albay","doi":"10.2399/ana.21.827696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ana.21.827696","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The hyoid bone occupies a strategic position and participates in vital functions. The aim of this study was to examine the morphometry of the hyoid bone and define its location according to the vertebral level on 3D computed tomography (CT) images. Methods: This study was conducted using 3D–CT images of 216 patients (104 males, 112 females) aged between 10–98 years. The vertebral level of the hyoid bone was determined for each decade. Furthermore, the anterior-posterior length of the hyoid bone, the length and height of the greater horn, the height and width of the body, the distance between the posterior ends of the greater horn, and the distance of the hyoid bone to the vertebral column and the angle between right and left greater horn was measured. Results: The hyoid bone was most commonly located at C3 and C2–C3 vertebral level in females (35.7%) and C3 in males (38.5%). No statistically significant difference was found between right and left sides concerning the length and height of the greater horn. Conclusion: Knowing the radiological anatomy, morphometric properties and vertebral levels of the hyoid bone will contribute to the surgical planning of this region and the hyoid bone. In addition, our study will provide data on the morphometric properties of hyoid bone in forensic and anthropological research.","PeriodicalId":91999,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78855050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Being students of Professor Doğan Taner","authors":"A. Firat, I. Tatar, N. Apaydın","doi":"10.2399/ana.21.ob04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ana.21.ob04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91999,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86953940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What 2021 takes and what it brings","authors":"N. Apaydın","doi":"10.2399/ana.21.00e1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ana.21.00e1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91999,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76108396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective role of sildenafil citrate in isoniazid-rifampicin induced histomorphological changes in liver of albino mice","authors":"Najma Hameed, Khalid Farooq","doi":"10.2399/ana.21.829636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ana.21.829636","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The objective of the study was to reveal the reversal of histo-morphological changes in mice liver induced by combined isoniazid-rifampicin (INH-RIF) therapy with sildenafil treatment. Methods: Twenty-one mice weighing between 25–35 g were enrolled in the study. Randomisation was carried out by simple balloting method. The selected mice were sorted into three groups with 7 mice, each group. In group C (n=7) control group, mice were administered 0.4ml of saline per kg body weight daily intra peritoneally for 21 days. In group R (n=7) INH-RIF group, rifampicin (50 mg/kg) and isoniazid (50 mg/kg), dissolved in 4 ml/kg isotonic saline, were administered intra-peritoneally (ip) daily for 21 days. In group S (n=7) sildenafil administered group, 10 mg/kg sildenafil was given orally by gastric gavage on daily basis along with the intraperitoneal injection of INH-RIF (50 mg/kg each) daily for 21 days. Results: Histopathology revealed hepatotoxicity in group R (INH-RIF), while significant improvement was observed in group C (INH-RIF-sildenafil). Conclusion: Sildenafil citrate possesses hepatoprotective role against INH-RIF induced hepatotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":91999,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72515302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communicating vein between the right external and internal jugular veins: a case report","authors":"Eleni Patera, Abduelmenem Alashkham","doi":"10.2399/ana.20.835484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ana.20.835484","url":null,"abstract":"The external jugular vein is a superficial vein that has a relatively diagonal to vertical course in the neck region and runs superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. This vein is formed by the union of the posterior division of the retromandibular vein with the posterior auricular vein and it is responsible for draining most of the scalp and face as well. Sound knowledge of variations of the external jugular veins and the internal jugular veins, is important as these veins are used or targeted in specific medical procedures such as external jugular vein cannulation or radical neck dissection, respectively. During routine postgraduate dissection of the neck region in a 58-year-old female cadaver, the right external jugular vein was seen communicating with the right internal jugular vein via a communicating vein. The communicating vein was located approximately at the lower border of the thyroid cartilage and the upper border of the cricoid cartilage. A thorough understanding of anatomical variations is important in various medical disciplines and more specifically to anatomists, radiologists, and surgeons. This case report does not solely aim to increase awareness regarding variations of the jugular veins that can be possibly encountered during a neck endovascular procedure, but also contribute to the identification of the prevalence rate of this variation.","PeriodicalId":91999,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84366238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lungs and hypoxia: a review of the literature","authors":"M. Sargon","doi":"10.2399/ana.21.841001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ana.21.841001","url":null,"abstract":"Acute, intermittent or chronic hypoxia have negative effects on lung maturation during the embryological period which has been shown by many experimental models designed on animal studies. The receptors responsible from the development of lungs in fetal period are affected from hypoxia. Hypoxia also affects the morphometry, anatomy and microscopy of lung tissue in the adults. In acute phase of hypoxia; lung parenchyma showed destructive oxidative changes. However, in later phases repair and proliferative processes were observed in the lung tissue. Damage to the lining layer of alveoli, accumulation of alveolar macrophages, oedematous changes in the lung parenchyma, mild oedema, inflammatory cell infiltration, increased number of type II pneumocytes and pulmonary fibrosis are the main findings in cases of hypoxia. Chronic hypoxia accentuates lung growth by increasing the lung parenchyma. Decrease of capillary volume and suppression of elastin repair in lung fibroblasts are other clinically important microscopic findings in hypoxia. Many molecular studies found in the literature revealed micro-RNAs to be involved in modulation of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. In animal models submitted to acute hypobaric hypoxia; the researchers detected an increase in eNOS mRNA which is responsible of the immediate response, producing nitric oxide that caused vasodilation and bronchodilation in lung tissue. In other molecular studies; suppression of many immune molecules, major changes at the levels of various enzymes and growth factors were detected in the researches. Additionally; hypoxia causes to an increase in the amount of lung cancer cells and therefore; induces the metastases of lung cancer cells to brain tissues.","PeriodicalId":91999,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77585100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}