The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections最新文献

{"title":"A Man with Acute Severe Pneumonia: Case Discussion from the University of Louisville Hospital","authors":"V. Nagarajan, Srinivas R Dontineni, V. Corcino, F. Arnold","doi":"10.18297/JRI/VOL3/ISS1/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18297/JRI/VOL3/ISS1/8","url":null,"abstract":"Dr.Viswanathan Nagarajan (Infectious Diseases fellow): A 39-year-old previously healthy male presented to the emergency room for sudden onset left sided chest pain, cough with blood tinged sputum and shortness of breath, which started abruptly six hours prior to the presentation. He had been to another emergency room three days prior with myalgia, fever, headache, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Rapid influenza screen had been negative at that hospital. Nevertheless, he was discharged on oseltamivir. Now, shortness of breath was at rest and the chest pain was associated with cough and deep breathing. He also continued to have diarrhea and vomiting. Apart from having a 27 pack-year history of smoking, marijuana use and consuming a pint of alcohol every day, he had no history of intravenous drug use. He lived with his girlfriend, and denied promiscuous sexual activity or sex with males. He denied any travel outside of the US, or having pets at home. He had no known drug allergies. His temperature was 38.8° Celsius, heart rate 130 beats/min, respiratory rate 33 breaths/min, blood pressure 151/83 mm Hg, and oxygen saturation 93% on room air (FiO2 21%). The patient was in moderate respiratory distress and was seen using accessory muscles of respiration. He was alert, but unable to speak up as his voice was feeble. He had no signs of clubbing or generalized lymphadenopathy. No needle tracks were observed. Lung auscultation revealed equal air entry on both sides with no changes in his inspiration to expiration ratio. Bilateral crackles and wheezing were noted on the entire left side. On percussion, no dullness or resonance was noted.","PeriodicalId":91979,"journal":{"name":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80963407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections: A Review of Epidemiology and Treatment Options","authors":"J. Harting","doi":"10.18297/JRI/VOL3/ISS1/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18297/JRI/VOL3/ISS1/4","url":null,"abstract":"In 2013, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) issued antimicrobial resistance guidance ranking carbapenemresistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), Neisseria gonorrhea, and Clostridium difficile as the three most urgent resistance threats in the United States [1]. CRE are defined as pathogens testing resistant to the following carbapenem antimicrobials (imipenem, meropenem, doripenem, or ertapenem) or are documented to produce a carbapenemase [2]. In the 2013 CDC report, an estimated 9,300 inpatient cases were predicted annually, and as of December 2017, CRE isolates have now been reported in all 50 states [3]. Enterobacteriaceae cause roughly 27.2% of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in acute care settings, with Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli as the predominant species [4]. Carbapenems are useful last line treatment options in multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections. Therefore, CRE are truly a healthcare threat.","PeriodicalId":91979,"journal":{"name":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87456713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Support Infrastructure: Implementing A Clinical Research Coordinating\u0000 Center","authors":"J. Ramirez, P. Peyrani, William A. Mattingly, F. Arnold, T. Wiemken, R. Kelley, L. Wolf, R. Carrico","doi":"10.18297/JRI/VOL2/ISS1/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18297/JRI/VOL2/ISS1/8","url":null,"abstract":"Insufficient infrastructure is one of the challenges facing investigators in the field of clinical research. At the University of Louisville (UofL) Division of Infectious Diseases, we developed a multidisciplinary coordinating center with the aim to support investigators in all aspects of the clinical research process. The objective of this article is to describe the composition and the role of the different units of the UofL Clinical Research Coordinating Center. The different components of the Center can serve as a template for institutions interested in developing a clinical research support infrastructure. DOI: 10.18297/jri/vol2/iss1/8 Received Date: January 25, 2018 Accepted Date: February 1, 2018 Website: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/jri Affiliations 1University of Louisville Division of Infectious Diseases, Louisville, KY 40202, 2University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health. Louisville KY 40202, 3St. Mary’s College of Maryland Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, St. Mary’s City, MD, 20686 ©2018, The Author(s).","PeriodicalId":91979,"journal":{"name":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87782475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Software Tool for Automated Upload of Large Clinical Datasets Using REDCap and\u0000 the CAPO Database","authors":"William A. Mattingly, C. Sinclair, Danna Williams, Matthew Grassman, S. Furmanek, Kimberley A Buckner, Mohammad Tahboub","doi":"10.18297/jri/vol2/iss1/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18297/jri/vol2/iss1/7","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Obtaining clinical data from healthcare sources is necessary for conducting clinical research. New technologies now allow for connecting a research database to Electronic Medical Records remotely, allowing the automatic import of clinical research data. In this paper we design and evaluate a REDCap extension to import clinical records from an external health database. Methods: Many hospital EHRs are designed to use secure file transfer protocol (SFTP) repositories for data communication. We develop a REDCap plugin to connect to an external SFTP file repository for the import of clinical record data. We use the CAPO instance of REDCap and a sample set of clinical pneumonia variables for the connection. Results: The plugin allows the input of record data in a much shorter time than traditional data entry in addition to being less error prone. However, the formatting of the data in the SFTP file repository must be exact in order for the import to be successful. This can require setup time on the part of EHR IT staff. Conclusion: Developing a direct connection from EHR to research database can be an effective way to lower the overhead for conducting clinical research. We demonstrate a means to do this using REDCap and SFTP. DOI: 10.18297/jri/vol2/iss1/7 Received Date: February 12, 2018 Accepted Date: February 27, 2018 Website: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/jri Affiliations: 1University of Louisville Division of Infectious Diseases, Louisville, KY 40202 ©2018, The Author(s). *Correspondence To: William A Mattingly, PhD 501 E Broadway, Suite 120B Louisville, KY 40202 bill.mattingly@louisville.edu 31 ULJRI Vol 2, (1) 2018 ORIGINAL RESEARCH of SFTP-2-REDCap, a REDCap plugin to support the fast upload of data into a REDCap clinical research project.","PeriodicalId":91979,"journal":{"name":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84771033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duration of antibiotic therapy for patients with bacteremic Staphylococcus aureus\u0000 community-acquired pneumonia","authors":"J. Ramirez, T. File, D. Musher","doi":"10.18297/JRI/VOL2/ISS1/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18297/JRI/VOL2/ISS1/1","url":null,"abstract":"In a recent review article of the causes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults, Musher et al. reported that S. aureus is now the third most common bacterial pathogen causing CAP [1]. Physicians treating patients with CAP will be confronted with the question of how best to treat a hospitalized patient with bacteremic S. aureus CAP. In this opinion piece, we will review current controversies on the topic and offer our point of view regarding management and treatment.","PeriodicalId":91979,"journal":{"name":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91257828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia: a Longitudinal Study in 279 Adult Patients from\u0000 a Single Center","authors":"J. Gentile, C. Hernandez, M. Sparo, E. Rodríguez, C. Ceriani, Florencia Bruggesser","doi":"10.18297/jri/vol2/iss1/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18297/jri/vol2/iss1/10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (BPP) is the most common clinical presentation of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Although it has been extensively studied, there is little knowledge in our region in relation to burden of disease, demographic and outcome features. Methods: We conducted a prospective, longitudinal, observational study from 1989 to 2015 in adult patients with BPP, in order to deepen our knowledge of the characteristics of this disease in our community hospital in Tandil, Argentina. Results: 279 patients were included. The mean incidence was 2.8/1000 admissions with a sharp decrease in the last two years, reaching 0.8/1000 admissions. Mean patient age was 60 years. Comorbidities were found in 65% of the cases. Non-respiratory symptoms occurred in 50% of cases. Infiltrates on chest x ray were predominantly unilateral (75%) and lobar (57%). Regarding severity, a low PSI score I-II-II was found in 178 patients (64%), 60 (22%) were admitted to ICU, 40 (14%) required mechanical ventilation, and 21 (8%) developed empyema. Penicillin resistance was not found. Mortality was 18% (49/279), and by a multivariate analysis it was associated with confusion (OR= 5.44), age>80 years (OR =5.72), leukopenia (OR =5.73) and dyspnea (OR=7.87). Conclusions: In this study of 279 bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia we reinforce previous knowledge on this disease regarding incidence and clinical features and confirm a considerable an early mortality associated to age and severity of disease at onset. Recent changes in incidence of BPP in adults could be secondary to herd effect of PVC 13 a vaccine that is mandatory in children in our community since 2012. DOI: 10.18297/jri/vol2/iss1/10 Received Date: February 13, 2018 Accepted Date: March 29, 2018 Website: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/jri Affiliations: 1 Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Santamarina, Tandil, Argentina 2 Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital Santamarina, Tandil, Argentina 3 Area de Bioestadística, FCV-UNCPBA 4 Area de virología, FCV-UNCPBA, CIVETAN-CONICET ©2018, The Author(s). 47 ULJRI Vol 2, (1) 2018 ORIGINAL RESEARCH *Correspondence To: Dr. Jorge Gentile Work Address: Uriburu 950 Tandil CP 7000-Argentina, Work Email: gentilejorgeh@gmail.com treated in ambulatory setting between 1989 and 2015. Exclusion criteria: having been hospitalized in the last 30 days, or presented with any other evidence suggestive of nosocomial pneumonia, severe immunosuppression such in transplantation, AIDS or receiving chemotherapy or other immunosuppressive drugs. Study definitions/variables Pneumonia was defined as the presence of a new infiltrate on chest radiograph plus two or more of the following clinical manifestations including: fever (axillary temperature >37.8oC), cough, production of purulent sputum, pleuritic chest pain and dyspnoea. BPP was defined as a diagnosis of pneumonia with one or more positive blood cultures for S. pneumoniae. Identification of patients with BPP: one o","PeriodicalId":91979,"journal":{"name":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87505989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case 2-2017: An HIV-Positive Patient with COPD Admitted to the ICU with Respiratory\u0000 Failure","authors":"B. Puskur, V. Corcino, Srikanth Ramachandruni, V. Nagarajan, F. Arnold","doi":"10.18297/jri/vol2/iss1/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18297/jri/vol2/iss1/11","url":null,"abstract":"Dr Bhavani Puskur (Infectious Diseases (ID) fellow): A 54-year-old male active smoker with a history of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) on 2 L/min of home oxygen and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) on antiretroviral therapy with a recent CD4 count of 482 (26%) cells/cc and a suppressed viral load, presented to the Emergency Room (ER) of University of Louisville Hospital with a cough productive of thick, yellow phlegm, dyspnea for 4 days and chest tightness for one day. He complained of having a sore throat, rhinorrhea and nasal congestion during the previous week. He had been using his inhalers at home without significant relief. He denied fever or chills. He had been to the ER multiple times with worsening dyspnea and nonproductive cough, which improved with prednisone and bronchodilators. He declined frequent admission, but this was his third visit to the ER in the last two days; each via emergency medical services transportation. In the ER, his temperature was 36.6°C, blood pressure was 210/141 mmHg, heart rate was 120 beats/min, and respiratory rate 16/min. His oxygen saturation was 98% while wearing a non-rebreather mask. On physical examination, there was no pharyngeal erythema or exudate and sinuses were nontender. He had pursed lip breathing with significant inspiratory wheezing. After administration of a breathing treatment and steroids, there was improved aeration throughout all lung fields with decreased, but still diffuse, expiratory wheezing. A chest X-ray was obtained. (Figure 1) His electrocardiography was unchanged, and troponins were negative. He was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for use of non-invasive ventilation.","PeriodicalId":91979,"journal":{"name":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87562731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult Patients Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Hospitalized for\u0000 Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the United States: Incidence and Outcomes","authors":"Leslie A Beavin, S. Furmanek, P. Peyrani, Anupama Raghuram, F. Arnold, Mark V. Burns, J. Ramirez","doi":"10.18297/JRI/VOL2/ISS1/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18297/JRI/VOL2/ISS1/4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common infectious reason for hospitalization of adults in the United States (US), including those with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). While there are studies detailing the incidence and outcomes for all adults with CAP we are not aware of a recent study detailing incidence and outcomes in adult HIV patients hospitalized with CAP. The objectives of this study were (1) to define the current incidence and outcomes of adult HIV patients hospitalized with CAP in Louisville, Kentucky, and (2) to estimate the burden of CAP in the US HIV adult population. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of The University of Louisville Pneumonia Study; a prospective population-based cohort study of all hospitalized adults with CAP who were residents of Louisville, Kentucky, from 1 June 2014 to 31 May 2016. Results: A total of 110 unique patients living with HIV were hospitalized with CAP during our two-year study. The annual incidence of adults living with HIV hospitalized with CAP is estimated to be 1,950 per 100,000. Of the estimated 1.1 million adults living with HIV in the US currently we predict that 21,450 will be hospitalized with CAP annually. The median time to clinical stability in adult patients living with HIV hospitalized with CAP was 2 (IQR: [1, 3]) days. The median length of stay for adult patients living with HIV hospitalized with CAP was 4 (IQR: [3, 7]) days. Mortality occurred as follows; in-hospital: 1.8%, 30-day 6.8%, 6-month 15.5%, and 1 year 20.2%. Conclusion: The estimated annual incidence of adult patients living with HIV and hospitalized with CAP was found to be 1,950 per 100,000 suggesting that 21,450 adults living with HIV will be admitted with CAP yearly across the US. This is a similar incidence to that recently predicted for the elderly. Mortality occurred as follows; in-hospital: 1.8%, 30-day 6.8%, 6-month 15.5%, and 1 year 20.2%. Our 30-day mortality rate for adult patients living with HIV hospitalized for CAP was similar to other figures in the literature. DOI: 10.18297/jri/vol2/iss1/4 Received Date: February 12, 2018 Accepted Date: March 16, 2018 Website: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/jri Affiliations: 1University of Louisville Division of Infectious Diseases, Louisville, KY 40202 ©2018, The Author(s). 17 ULJRI Vol 2, (1) 2018 ORIGINAL RESEARCH *Correspondence To: Leslie Beavin, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville Work Address: 501 E Broadway, Suite 120 Louisville, KY 40202 Work Email: labeav03@louisville.edu number (SSN), or who were in the correctional system were not included. Data was collected on participants from the medical record including; age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), HIV status, presence of malignancy, presence of renal disease, presence of heart disease, presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), history of cerebrovascular event (CVA), smoking status, presence of diabetes, tempera","PeriodicalId":91979,"journal":{"name":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85494989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Research: From Idea to Publication","authors":"J. Ramirez","doi":"10.18297/jri/vol2/iss1/12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18297/jri/vol2/iss1/12","url":null,"abstract":"56 ULJRI Vol 2, (1) 2018 Affiliations: 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 DOI: 10.18297/jri/vol2/iss1/12 Abstract Julio A. Ramirez, M.D., FACP, Professor of Medicine/Associate Professor of Microbiology and Immunology; Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases; Director, Infectious Diseases Fellowship Training Program and Founding Director, Global Health Initiative at The University of Louisville, presented “Clinical Research: From Idea to Publication” at University of Louisville Department of Medicine Grand Rounds on February 15, 2018. The talk focused on performing an overview of clinical study designs, describing the planning and performing of a clinical study, reviewing the process for statistical and clinical analysis, and presenting the structure of a Clinical Research Coordinating Center.","PeriodicalId":91979,"journal":{"name":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83861712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myobacterium kansasii as the Primary Etiology of Pulmonary Infections due to\u0000 Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) in Patients WIthout Human Immunodeficiency Virus\u0000 (HIV): Experience from a Center in Buenos Aires, Argentina","authors":"G. Yusti, M. Heres, Alejandra González, Mariano Fielli, A. Ceccato, A. Zapata","doi":"10.18297/jri/vol2/iss1/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18297/jri/vol2/iss1/5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pulmonary diseases due to non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) lung infection in HIV-negative patients are rarely described in the literature. Currently, NTM consist of more than 150 species, and they are globally ubiquitous in both natural and man-made environments.The objective of this study was to define the most frequent species of NTM causing pulmonary disease in HIVnegative patients in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The prevalence of pulmonary diseases caused by NTM is difficult to determine since the isolation of NTM does not necessarily indicate disease. Methods: A retrospective review of all the respiratory cultures positive for NTM in the Bacteriology Laboratory of Posadas Hospital between January 2010 and December 2015 was performed. 31 patients without Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) from whom NTM was isolated in respiratory samples, which fulfilled diagnostic criteria for NTM disease were included. Results: The mean age was 50 years at the time of the diagnosis (SD ± 17.2); and 19 patients (61.3%) were males. Mycobacterium kansasii was the most commonly isolated NTM (68%) followed by Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC) (19%). M. kansasii was the most common cause of pulmonary infection by NTM in these HIV-negative patients. Cultures should be performed to identify the species and to treat accordingly. 46% of the patients included in the study, there was no evidence of risk factors. Only 32% of the subjects had respiratory comorbidities, and the most common radiologic finding was cavitation (55%). Discussion: Our study indicates that M. kansasii is the primary etiology of NTM pulmonary disease in HIV-negative patients in our service area in Buenos Aires. This finding supports the consideration that patients with symptoms compatible with pulmonary tuberculosis should also be evaluated for NTM with appropriate acid-fast bacilli cultures, as treatment regimens differ vastly according to the specific pathogen isolated, although clinical and radiographic presentations may have overlapping features. The possibility of M. kansasii pulmonary disease or other NTM should be considered in patients treated empirically for TB without appropriate clinical response. DOI: 10.18297/jri/vol2/iss1/5 Received Date: February 12, 2018 Accepted Date: March 17, 2018 Website: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/jri Affiliations: 1Alejandro Posadas National Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina ©2018, The Author(s). 21 ULJRI Vol 2, (1) 2018 ORIGINAL RESEARCH *Correspondence To: Alejandra González Work Address: Alejandro Posadas National Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Work Email: alestork@yahoo.com.ar common NTM cause of pulmonary disease worldwide [5]. It is difficult to compare the incidence and prevalence of NTM diseases across geographic areas. Because reporting NTM disease to public health authorities is not required in most countries, studies of the incidence and prevalence of NTM disease are performed differently in different countries.","PeriodicalId":91979,"journal":{"name":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79863687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}