Online journal of rural research and policy最新文献

{"title":"Adapting Small Market Rural Media to the Challenges of New Media: Interviews with Small Market Rural Managers","authors":"C. Price, Michael R. Brown","doi":"10.4148/OJRRP.V5I6.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/OJRRP.V5I6.234","url":null,"abstract":"Small rural media outlets are key sources of information, provide a site for local advertising, and are an important local voice in their communities. This paper examines how small market rural media are trying to survive under tough economic conditions, and how they are using new media as part of their strategy to remain viable. Interviews were conducted with managers at several small market newspapers, television, and radio groups in order to identify specific concerns and strategies about how they are managing their resources, how they are using new media, and how they envision their future. The results show that most media are struggling, but also find that local media are in a good position to make their new media content viable for their local audiences. Cuts in journalistic enterprises dominate news stories about today’s media. Columbia Journalism Review called this “a transformational moment” in the history of journalism as the traditional economic foundation of advertising is eroding at rapid rate (Downie and Schudson 2009 1 ). Driving this change is the move to online content by readers and listeners, especially younger people. Media managers are trying to monetize the Internet by increasing the number of ads (Downie and Schudson 2009 2 ) and experimenting with economic models that charge for online content. 3 Most research about the economy and the effect of new media on business has focused on big companies. Smith and Wiltse (2005 4 ) suggested that researchers need to study media in more rural areas. Downie and Schudson (2009 5 ) said smaller media organizations that do not have competition have been relatively successful. Morton (2009 6 ) said 70% of smaller daily newspapers are still profitable. More community-oriented, non-daily newspapers are also doing well, as a whole. 7 This is in part because these smaller, often rural, media organizations take their civic responsibilities seriously (Bradshaw, Foust, and Bernt 2005 8 ). There are two major reasons why media organizations are so vital in rural areas. First, the First Amendment guarantees freedom of the press so people can be informed about their government, Adapting Small Market Rural Media to the Challenges of New Media Vol. 5, Issue 6 (2010) 2 and these media are the key sources that link government issues to local audiences. They are key sources of information. Second, media outlets provide key sites where businesses can reach their local audiences. If newspapers or radio stations leave the area, it is unlikely that other entities will step in to fill the void. This study examines what small market rural media are doing to incorporate social media and remain relevant to their communities. It concludes with policy implications for state and local governments to help keep rural media organizations vibrant. Media management and media economics theory As stated earlier, media organizations are experiencing many transitions. According to a national survey, 31% of Americans get t","PeriodicalId":91938,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of rural research and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70870665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State Fairs: A Means of Exposing America’s Youth to the Veterinary Profession?","authors":"S. Laflin, D. Anderson","doi":"10.4148/OJRRP.V5I7.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/OJRRP.V5I7.270","url":null,"abstract":"State and county fairs have existed for a long period in the United States and many parts of the world. One of the first recognized state fairs in the US was held in 1841 in New York.1 That fair's purpose was the hosting competitive exhibitions for livestock, homemade goods, and farm produce. These events served as entertainment for rural communities where access to such venues was limited. Fairs also were an opportunity for farms to exhibit their produce and livestock. Over the years as...","PeriodicalId":91938,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of rural research and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70871172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production-Animal Veterinarian Shortage: A Rural Case Study of West Virginia","authors":"D. D. Moran","doi":"10.4148/OJRRP.V5I7.268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/OJRRP.V5I7.268","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports the results of studies conducted to explore solutions to the shortage of veterinarians to service production animal and rural service needs. Based on the results, various programs are recommended to be implemented and directed toward rectification of the national shortage of production-animal veterinary services and rural farm service large-animal veterinarians in the United States. These programs are enumerated, promoted and evaluated for Productivity, Difficulty of implementation and Overall Payoff in meeting the issue. Results based on experience and professional guidance from the communities of livestock owners and production-animal veterinarians indicate that the following programs should be prioritized nationally:  State sponsored tuition relief for veterinary students in return for a term of service to rural production-animal service following graduation.  Regional veterinary clinics augmented by state supported veterinary treatment vans.  Scholarships directed toward students expressing interest in large-animal veterinary medicine.  Modification of treatment and drug administration laws to allow a fuller function for veterinary technicians in the treatment of production animals in rural environments.","PeriodicalId":91938,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of rural research and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70871530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the Community Journalism Special Issue","authors":"T. Gould","doi":"10.4148/OJRRP.V5I6.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/OJRRP.V5I6.233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91938,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of rural research and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70870630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rural Designations and Geographic Access to Tertiary Healthcare in Idaho","authors":"Jaishree Beedasy","doi":"10.4148/OJRRP.V5I2.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/OJRRP.V5I2.191","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the geographic accessibility of tertiary health services for the rural population of Idaho. Utilizing the two most commonly used rurality definitions, we determined the spatial distribution of the rural and urban residents in Idaho. The distance to each of the tertiary healthcare facility was calculated using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Our analysis showed a large disparity between rural and urban geographic access to tertiary healthcare and revealed that there are significant variations in the disparity depending on the rural definition used. Thus there is a need to deploy strategies to enhance rural access and to construct rurality measures that capture the local heterogeneity, given that rurality designations impact the interpretation of access problems, and the funding eligibility for healthcare programs.","PeriodicalId":91938,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of rural research and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70870752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Why Are You Still Out There?” Persistence among Deep Rural Communities in the Northern Plains","authors":"Meredith Redlin, Gary Aguiar, George Langelett, G. Warmann","doi":"10.4148/OJRRP.V5I5.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/OJRRP.V5I5.221","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of on-going population loss and despite all dire warnings to the contrary, the clear persistence of certain rural communities continues in unexpected areas of the Great Plains. It is this persistence that is becoming the most difficult element to explain. Thus, this paper turns the traditional research question on its head and asks why some deep rural communities endure. As a result, we introduce a new concept in rural studies—community persistence— and, consequently, we advance a theoretical model to explain why some communities survive without natural amenities or adjacency to a metropolis. Our concept of persistence attempts to answer the question, “why are you still out there?” when most of society has given up on deep rural populations. We offer a sharp distinction between community persistence and the much-discussed concept of community sustainability. Moreover, our theory incorporates place-based sociological, economic and political factors associated with community persistence. In particular, our integrated theory suggests that persistent communities develop dense social networks, high human capital and deliberative civic engagement so that these towns stood out from the crowded field of contenders for sub-regional prominence. Since we are embarking on a long-term investigation about deep rural communities, this paper offers a preliminary analysis using existing data sources. Our unit of analysis is the county and our sample includes all deep rural counties in Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota. We employ two measures of Persistence among Deep Rural Communities in the Northern Plains Vol. 5, Issue 5 (2010) 2 persistence: per capita income and civilian labor force. Both our initial analysis of the ten most persistent counties and a more rigorous test of the entire sample indicate a high proportion of college graduates, high population density, and competitive political parties are most closely associated with persistent communities. Our findings suggest that a broad mix of social, economic, and political factors are essential to community persistence in deep rural areas. We connect our findings to rural development policy efforts and also discuss avenues for future studies that build on our theory. Development may be defined broadly as higher levels of education, income, health, housing, and political and social participation; it is a social, economic, and political concept expressed in the lives of people in places and regions (Morrill 1993:407 1 ).","PeriodicalId":91938,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of rural research and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70870989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rural Community Pauses to Gauge Attitudes on the Road to an Alternative Economic Strategy","authors":"Teresa Lamsam, D. Montgomery","doi":"10.4148/OJRRP.V5I3.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/OJRRP.V5I3.201","url":null,"abstract":"This is the publisher's official version, also available electronically from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/ojrrp.v5i3.201","PeriodicalId":91938,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of rural research and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70870779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Academy of Rural Veterinarians: Grassroots Innovation to Address the Rural Veterinarian Shortage","authors":"Shelley J Lenz, B. Buff","doi":"10.4148/OJRRP.V5I7.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/OJRRP.V5I7.264","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91938,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of rural research and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70871133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilingual, digital, audio-visual training modules improve technical knowledge of feedlot and dairy workers","authors":"C. Reinhardt, D. Thomson, D. D. Retzlaff, B. Butler, J. Valles","doi":"10.4148/OJRRP.V5I7.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/OJRRP.V5I7.266","url":null,"abstract":"Two studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of digital multimedia modules as training tools for animal care workers. Employees at a commercial feedlot (n = 17) and a commercial dairy (n = 10) were asked to independently complete a 10-question quiz prior to and following viewing of training modules. Module topics in the feedlot were proper handling of non-ambulatory animals and humane methods of euthanasia; modules were administered to the workers, as a group, in either English (n = 7) or Spanish (N = 10), depending on previously indicated worker preference. Modules addressing dairy cattle health practices and dairy cattle handling were presented to the dairy care workers who had a preference for learning in either English (n = 7) or Spanish (n = 3). For feedlot workers, post-test scores were improved by 28% after viewing the modules compared to pre-test scores (74% vs. 58%; P 0.30) between language, topic, and between-test variation, indicating that the modules were equally effective at information","PeriodicalId":91938,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of rural research and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70871264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boom or Bust: Opportunities and Challenges of Aging in Rural Kansas","authors":"Benjamin C. Bolender","doi":"10.4148/OJRRP.V5I1.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/OJRRP.V5I1.180","url":null,"abstract":"Population aging is gaining a great deal of attention as we move toward the retirement of the Baby Boom generation. However, few studies have examined the processes and consequences of these aging trends in rural Kansas—and by extension, the Great Plains—at the community level. To that end, this project examines the community level impacts of population aging in rural Kansas. Primary methods included statistical community profile comparisons, site visits, and key informant interviews with local area leaders. The research team examined three non-metropolitan Kansas counties, two that were aging in place and one that is the single officially defined retirement migration destination in Kansas. Results indicate that areas that are aging in place also face significant challenges sustaining their population and economic structure. The retirement destination, on the other hand, has managed to slow population loss and economic decline through a certain combination of economic structure, family relations, local culture, and appropriate services.","PeriodicalId":91938,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of rural research and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70870655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}