Technology and investment最新文献

{"title":"Funding of Agricultural Research and Development in Ghana: The Case of Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)","authors":"R. Asare, G. Essegbey","doi":"10.4236/TI.2016.72006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/TI.2016.72006","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural Research and Development (R&D) investments contribute greatly to economic growth, agricultural development and poverty reduction in developing countries. This paper examines the financial investment and expenditure trends in agricultural R&D in Ghana with emphasis on the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the implication for the policies driving agricultural research in Ghana. Data from Agricultural Science & Technology Indicator (ASTI) and in-depth studies on agricultural R&D in Ghana were used. Purposive sampling was used to gather data in thirteen agricultural research institutes and five public universities in Ghana. Through questionnaire administration, data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study revealed that, total public agricultural R&D expenditure had increased by 59 per cent from 42.5 million (2005 PPP) dollars in 2000 to 67.7 million (2005 PPP) dollars in 2011 and with an average expenditure of 54.1 million (2005 PPP) dollars per year. The total expenditure by CSIR constitutes about 50 per cent of the total agricultural research expenditure in Ghana. The study however, showed a drastic decline in capital investments from 6.7 per cent in 2000 to 0.1 per cent in 2011 of the total government funding with operational cost following similar declining pattern. Still, when considering the totality of funding including salaries and wages, government support is the main source of funding for agricultural R&D in Ghana (85 per cent) with donors (7.3 per cent), sale of goods and services (6.7 per cent) and others serving as complementary sources. Though there have been considerable government investments in agricultural R&D in CSIR over the period, impact on operational and research activities has been minimal as the chunk of it went into payment of salaries and wages. The fundamental challenge is funding the very important operational and research activities which lead to technology development and innovation. Increasing commercialization of research technologies and government investment in agricultural R&D in Ghana, are recommended to address this investment challenge.","PeriodicalId":91808,"journal":{"name":"Technology and investment","volume":"7 1","pages":"40-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75152979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the Relationship among M&A Behavior, Investment Efficiency and Firm Value—Empirical Evidence from A Shares of Listed Corporations","authors":"Xixi Feng","doi":"10.4236/TI.2016.72004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/TI.2016.72004","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we use the data of A shares of listed corporations from 2010 to 2014 to research the relationship among the efficiency of investment, acquisition behavior and corporation value. The results show that the enterprise acquisition behavior and enterprise value have no significant correlation. While the investment efficiency of enterprises will be affecting the relationship between the two, as the same words, the higher the efficiency of investment, the influence of mergers and acquisitions to increase the role of the enterprise value is more significant. According to the above conclusions, this paper puts forward related suggestions.","PeriodicalId":91808,"journal":{"name":"Technology and investment","volume":"58 1","pages":"27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79614662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the Relationship of Innovation Capability and Operating Performance Based on Moderation of Openness","authors":"Lü Li, Zhuo Zhang, Min Xu","doi":"10.4236/TI.2016.71003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/TI.2016.71003","url":null,"abstract":"In current research on open innovation, the impact of innovative openness on the effect of innovation capability on corporate operating performance has been ignored. This paper uses hierarchical linear regression model with financial data of 137 listed enterprises in Chinese Stock Exchanges to study the moderate effect of openness on relationship of innovation capability and operating performance. The result shows that the internal innovation capability and absorption capability can significantly affect the operating performance, but the effect of technology acquisition and diffusion capability is remarkable only under the moderation of openness. Meanwhile, innovative openness negatively impacts the effect of internal innovation capability on the operating performance, and positively impacts the effect of absorptive ability. Finally, this paper provides some suggestions for helping enterprise’s implementation of open innovation strategy based on their own capabilities.","PeriodicalId":91808,"journal":{"name":"Technology and investment","volume":"1 1","pages":"14-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89753242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of IT Innovation Diffusion from Dynamic Perspective－Review and Prospects","authors":"Ming Lei","doi":"10.4236/TI.2016.71001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/TI.2016.71001","url":null,"abstract":"The research on information technology (IT) innovation at organizational level has gained plentiful and substantial achievements; existing research in this field presents the pattern of perspective diversification. This paper first introduces the concept of IT innovation and innovation diffusion, and then reviews five dynamic perspectives on the study of the influence factors of IT innovation diffusion, which are organizational learning, social contagion, management fashion, organizing vision and computerization movement. Suggestions and expectations are presented at the end of this paper.","PeriodicalId":91808,"journal":{"name":"Technology and investment","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84825048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on XBRL Domain Ontology Construction","authors":"Ding Pan, Di Zhang","doi":"10.4236/TI.2016.71002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/TI.2016.71002","url":null,"abstract":"XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) as an application of XML (eXtensible Markup Language) technology in the field of business reporting, uses information technology to add tags for the financial reporting metadata, to achieve unstructured data processing effectively. At first, this paper analyzes the XBRL technology framework, finds out the concepts and relationships between them, and accordingly designs the XBRL domain ontology model, then based on the model we have proposed, we choose OWL DL ontology description language and Protege3.4, take balance sheet as an example, and apply the XBRL ontology model to balance sheet to construct the taxonomy and instance, and thereby achieve the implementation of XBRL domain ontology construction. XBRL needs the integration of the accounting, engineering, computer, management and other disciplines, and the future research should be committed to solve the lack of semantic and reasoning mechanism to implement the further promotion and application of XBRL financial reporting.","PeriodicalId":91808,"journal":{"name":"Technology and investment","volume":"7 1","pages":"8-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90972667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Status and International Strategy Development of Technological Enterprises","authors":"Lan Wang","doi":"10.4236/TI.2015.64017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/TI.2015.64017","url":null,"abstract":"International strategy is a very hot topic today. Embedding in the global industry chain helps enterprises better integrate resources and enhance innovation capability especially for technological enterprises. Based on the data from Zhongguancun area, this thesis analyzes the current situation and problems of the internationalization of technological enterprises. And furthermore we put forward some suggestions to improve market internationalization of technological enterprises. In order to enhance the innovation capability and core competence, the government should support enterprises to explore international markets and establish a platform for technological intermediary services.","PeriodicalId":91808,"journal":{"name":"Technology and investment","volume":"31 1","pages":"151-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88835892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portfolio Management: Stock Ranking by Multiple Attribute Decision Making Methods","authors":"H. V. Dedania, Vipul Shah, R. Sanghvi","doi":"10.4236/TI.2015.64016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/TI.2015.64016","url":null,"abstract":"An investor would like to build a balanced portfolio with stocks representing different sectors. Several researchers have attempted the portfolio selection problem by different methods. Many of these methods consider companies of different sectors together. However, it can be argued that the attributes affecting the company’s growth vary for different sectors. Therefore, it is advisable to compare a company with the companies of the same sector. There are many options for the selection of a stock from a particular sector. A stock ranking method is proposed by using MADM methods based on overall performance under a stochastic environment. Of many MADM methods, SAW, AHP, TOPSIS, and VIKOR are applied. Usually, Euclidean distances (2-norm) are considered in the implementation of TOPSIS and VIKOR methods. In this work, this norm is generalized to p-norm, where p > 1. The model is tested for 13 companies in the field of Information Technology sector (IT) listed on National Stock Exchange in India and 13 criteria as performance indicators of a company. A MATLAB GUI system is developed and the results are obtained for several values of p in case of TOPSIS and VIKOR methods besides other methods. As the result indicates, the ordering is not much affected by different values of p in certain range. Moreover, higher values of p have adverse effect on the ordering. The proposed model is able to provide better information on the overall performance of a particular stock in comparison with its peers. The results obtained by various methods clearly separate good companies from inferior companies though the exact ordering slightly differs.","PeriodicalId":91808,"journal":{"name":"Technology and investment","volume":"23 1","pages":"141-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81959030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Confusion and Countermeasures of Green Accounting in China","authors":"X. Kan, Q. Meng","doi":"10.4236/TI.2015.63014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/TI.2015.63014","url":null,"abstract":"Green accounting is a new accounting field whose main function is to balance the development on both economy and environment through effective value management and combining accounting and environmental economy. Owing to the lack of relative regulation and the absence of governmental supervisory, there are some obstructions impeding its practice. In order to solve those problems, relatively well-established laws, governmental intervention and training young accountants are required in this process.","PeriodicalId":91808,"journal":{"name":"Technology and investment","volume":"58 3","pages":"127-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72464163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Rhododendron brachycarpum Extract Used in Skin Care Product by in Vitro and in Vivo Test","authors":"Amal Kumar Ghimeray, H. Y. Lee, Y. Kim, E. K. Ryu, M. Chang","doi":"10.4236/TI.2015.62011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/TI.2015.62011","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we aimed to observe the cytotoxicity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Rhododendron brachycarpum extract (RbE) in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell in vitro and the anti-inflammatory or soothing effect of RbE formulated cream (Multicalm-RHTM) on experimentally induced acute irritated skin in healthy subjects in vivo. In vitro study revealed that RbE significantly inhibited NO and ROS generation in a dose dependent manner without cytotoxicity. In clinical test, Multicalm-RHTM cream siginificantly reduced the SLS-enduced erythema after D5 compared to that of placebo. Overall, it can be concluded that the RbE is a non-cytotoxic, antioxidant and anti-irritant agent which can be used as a potent functional ingredient in cosmetics. Likewise, the in vivo clinical study shows that Multicalm-RHTM cream which contains 3% RbE can be used as an effective skin soothing agent.","PeriodicalId":91808,"journal":{"name":"Technology and investment","volume":"31 1","pages":"105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72417333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Self-Operated Business Risk Control of Futures Company","authors":"J. Leng, Qiaoyun Ye, Guorong Jia","doi":"10.4236/TI.2015.62012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/TI.2015.62012","url":null,"abstract":"Under the new development situation of China’s futures industry, this paper studies on the self-employed business and its risk control of Futures Company. It analyzes the risks that may be encountered in the self-running business, establishes and improves the process of risk control of Futures Company proprietary business in China, which really plays the function of risk control, making it become the profit breakthrough of the Futures Company.","PeriodicalId":91808,"journal":{"name":"Technology and investment","volume":"136 1","pages":"112-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76438889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}