Austin journal of cancer and clinical research最新文献

{"title":"Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Pulmonary Oligometastasis from Head and Neck Cancer: The Potential Survival Benefits from PD-1 Inhibitors","authors":"Hua Y, Liu N, Jin T, Jin Q, H. Q., D. R","doi":"10.26420/austinjcancerclinres.2022.1105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjcancerclinres.2022.1105","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Stereotactic body radiotherapy is suitable for most pulmonary oligometastasis, but there is little data that reported the different values of SBRT combined with systemic therapy between NP and non-NP cancers. Method: This was a retrospective study on patients with pulmonary oligometastatic HNC treated with SBRT at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital. Main Results: A total of 43 patients with 65 pulmonary metastatic lesions were included in the study.24 cases originated from NP cancer, and 19 originated from non-NP cancer. The median follow-up time was 29.7 months. The 1-year local control rate was 95.4%, and 3-year PFS and OS2 were 68.7% and 46.0% in the whole group. Subgroup analysis showed local control rates were 95.1% and 95.8% in the NP group and non-NP group (p=1.000). Median PFS times were 47.0 months and 13.3months (p=0.006), and 3-year OS2 was 87.1% and 47.9% in the two groups (p=0.011). Primary tumor location, time to metastasis, number of pulmonary lesions, BED, and systemic therapy were found to be significant predictors for PFS and (or) OS2 in univariate analysis. Systemic therapy and the number of pulmonary lesions were maintained in Cox regression analysis. No SBRT-related toxicity above grade 3 was observed. Conclusion: SBRT is an effective and tolerable therapy for patients with pulmonary oligometastasis from HNC. On the basis of systemic treatment, radical curative-intent with SBRT could be achieved in selected HNC patients.","PeriodicalId":91662,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of cancer and clinical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46848721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Silico Modelling and Analysis of the Effect of Immusante on Immune System and Cancer Pathology","authors":"Garg A, Lomore A, G. V., Korla K, Bhattacharjee Ss, Rao Rp, Rafiq M, K. R, Babu Uv, Venkatesh Kv","doi":"10.26420/austinjcancerclinres.2022.1103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjcancerclinres.2022.1103","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer therapy has been at the centre stage for decades in the scientific fraternity. Several chemical and biochemical actives have been studied for their effect on cancer therapy. In the present study, we have studied the therapeutic effects of a herbal formulation, Immusante, containing bioactive compounds such as Apigenin, Quercetin, Betulinic Acid, and Oleanolic Acid on cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis and survival. The immunomodulatory effects of Immusante were incorporated in a cancer-specific mathematical model to quantify the therapeutic effects. Cancer model simulation with Immusante showed a significant reduction of tumour proliferation, reduction of immunosuppressive species, and increase in the CD8 effector T cell function. The effect of the Immusante, along with a chemotherapy drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), was simulated to assess the effect of combination therapy. The addition of 5-FU as a monotherapy showed a 28% increase in the population with no/ very low tumorigenesis. A combination of 5-FU and Immusante showed a 44% increase in the population with no/very low tumorigenesis. A similar trend was seen for population size with low immune suppression, where 5-FU monotherapy showed a 26% increase, Immusante showed 12%, and a combination of 5-FU and Immusante showed a 43% increase in the population with low immune suppression, indicating increased efficiency of effector species in the presence of Immusante. Similar results were obtained for other drugs such as Cyclophosphamide, Platinum-based drugs, Vincristine, Taxane, Irinotecan, and Anthracyclines combined with Immusante. It is observed that chemotherapy alone can bring clearance in the tumour, further augmented by incorporating Immusante as a herbal adjuvant. Simulations suggest that combination enhances effectiveness and reduces the side effects of chemotherapy. It was observed that Immusante could effectively counter side-effects and adaptive response of cancer cells to improve efficacy and normalize immune response. The immunomodulatory properties of Immusante have been shown to restore balance in immune response and reduce the cytotoxic effects of drugs on healthy organs. These characteristics make Immusante a promising adjuvant during cancer management and improve the quality of the treatment.","PeriodicalId":91662,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of cancer and clinical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42308892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection among Women in Beijing, China: A Two-Year Cross-Sectional Comparative Study","authors":"Qiu Xm, Liu Rz, Wang Sz, Zhang Xf","doi":"10.26420/austinjcancerclinres.2022.1102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjcancerclinres.2022.1102","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Our study aimed to observe the dynamic epidemiological characteristics of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection among women in Beijing, China, between 2015 and 2020. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on all collected cervical specimens from women who underwent HR-HPV examination in the outpatient clinic, ward, and physical examination center of Beijing Chao yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, from April to December 2015, and from April to December 2020. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to detect 15 HR-HPV genotypes. Results: A total of 26003 patients were enrolled in the study. No statistical difference was detected in the HR-HPV infection rate between the two years (22.1% versus 23.1%, P>0.05). The top five genotypes were HPV52/58, 16, 56 and 51, in descending order in both years. Single HR-HPV infection was the most frequent infection type in both years. The proportion of single infection in 2015 and 2020 were 73.32% (2218/3025) and 76.22% (2167/2843), respectively. There was no significant difference in infection rates across age groups in 2015, but the infection rate curve of 2020 was “bimodal”, with two peaks in young women (≤24 years-old group) group and the 60-64 years-old (y) group, with the trough in the 45-49y group. Conclusions: There was no significant change in the overall HR-HPV infection rate of women in Beijing, and the genotype distribution of HR-HPV seldom changed except for the age-related infection rate during the last 5 years. These findings may provide baseline information for local administrations topromote targeted HPV screening and HPV vaccination.","PeriodicalId":91662,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of cancer and clinical research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41861841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Montelukast Performs Synergistic Effect with Carfilzomib in Multiple Myeloma by Inhibiting the Deubiquitinase UCHL1","authors":"Yu W, W. W., P. R., C. H, Zhou N, W. L., S. H, C. X, Wang D, W. J, Zhao W, Zhou F","doi":"10.26420/austinjcancerclinres.2022.1101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjcancerclinres.2022.1101","url":null,"abstract":"Immunomodulators play an important role in combination chemotherapy of multiple myeloma. Besides, it has been reported that leukotriene-D4 receptors play an important role in carcinogenesis. The current study was carried out to assess the possible antitumor effects of montelukast (both an immunomodulator and a CysLT1R antagonist) both in single and in combination with carfilzomib in multiple myeloma cells and the potential mechanisms. We performed our experiment using cell apoptosis assay, cell cycle assay, western blot analysis, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and chemical proteomics based on protein activity. The results showed that montelukast inhibits cell proliferation and leads to cell apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell lines. Then we performed combination of montelukast and carfilzomib on multiple myeloma cells to explore whether they are synergistic. We demonstrated that the combination treatment leads to stronger effect of cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated the combination effect is performed independent of the leukotriene-D4 receptors inhibition. Given that protesome inhibitor leads to accumulation of ubiquitin by inhibiting the degradation of these proteins, we tested ubiquitin levels of different groups. We found that montelukast induces ubiquitin accumulation by inhibiting Ubiquitin-Specific Protease UCHL1. All of these lead to the activity of indoplasmic reticulum stress and therefore result in cell apoptosis. This brings us a new idea in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Since montelukast is cheap and widely used in clinic, if it is proved to be effective in the treatment of multiple myeloma, it will greatly reduce the economic pressure of patients and bring new hope to patients.","PeriodicalId":91662,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of cancer and clinical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48166983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRPF8 Expression is an Independent Predictor for Poor Prognosis in Patients with Kidney Renalclear Cell Carcinoma","authors":"Zhu D, Qiqi Z, Q. J, Sima M, L. C., L. Y., L. Z, W. T, Lv C","doi":"10.26420/austinjcancerclinres.2022.1100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjcancerclinres.2022.1100","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alternative splicing is an important process associated with disease including tumors. PRPF8 is a conserved protein in splice some component U5 snRNP that plays an important role in tumor cell growth. Materials and Methods: The data in The Cancer Genome Atlas was downloaded and analyzed by R Studio. The box plots showed the expression pattern of PRPF8. The chi-square test was used to manifest the association between PRPF8 expression and clinical parameters. The diagnostic value was assessed using ROC curve. The Kaplan-Meier curves and the Cox regression analysis elucidated the difference of overall survival and relapse-free survival between high expression and low expression and the prognostic value. Results: We downloaded the PRPF8 expression and the clinical data of 50 healthy individuals and 537 patients from TCGA database. We found PRPF8 expression is lower in tumor tissues than that in normal tissues and is related to age, histologic grade, pathologic stage, M classification, T classification and vital status. The Kaplan Meier curves showed the patients with lower PRPF8 expression has a poorer overall survival and relapse-free survival. The Univariate and Multivariate analysis suggested PRPF8 expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and relapse-free survival in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Conclusion: Low PRPF8 expression is an independent predictor for overall survival and relapse-free survival in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":91662,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of cancer and clinical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47591238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CXCR4 is Involved in the Regulation of the Functions of c-Src in RCC Development","authors":"Yan R, P. Q, C. J, S. J, Gan X, W. L.","doi":"10.26420/austinjcancerclinres.2022.1099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjcancerclinres.2022.1099","url":null,"abstract":"Renal cell carcinoma is a common malignant urinary tumor and CXCR4 plays an important role in the development of renal cell carcinoma. However, the role of c-Src gene in the development of renal cell carcinoma is still unclear. In this study, we found that CXCR4 can directly bind to SRC and CXCR4 is involved in the regulation of c-Src expression. C-Src is highly expressed in renal cell carcinoma and promotes cell division, proliferation, invasion and reduces apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma. Highly expressed c-Src is associated with poor prognosis in patients with RCC, and affects the infiltration of CD4+ T cells and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, high SRC expression is associated with the expression of multiple immune checkpoints, high tumor mutation burden and high microsatellite instability which indicates the potential of SRC to predict the response to the immune checkpoint block therapy.","PeriodicalId":91662,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of cancer and clinical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47945067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer-Type Expression of Tn Epitopes and LacdiNAc Structures: Human Cancer Cells Exhibit Distinctly Varying Levels of Heterogenous Ser/Thr Bearing Polypeptides, a Neutral β Galactosidase Converting T-Hapten to Tn, Ser/Thr: αGalNAc- and GlcNAc: β1-3/β1-4 GalNAc Transferase Activities","authors":"Chandrasekaran Ev, Xue J, Piskorz Cf, Locke Rd, Neelamegham S, Matta Kl","doi":"10.26420/austinjcancerclinres.2021.1097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjcancerclinres.2021.1097","url":null,"abstract":"Terminal sugar-alteration in carbohydrate chains such as GalNAc replacing Gal in prostate and pancreatic cancers and Gal3-O-sulfation in breast, colon and gastric tumors could play a crucial role in cancer pathogenesis. We found the activities of cancer cell GalNAc transferases (GalNAc-Ts) as 0%, 0% <20%, 20-50% and 20-120% respectively towards Galβ1-3GalNAcα-OBn, 4-FGlcNAcβ1-6 (Galβ1-3)GalNAcα-O-Bn, LacNAcβ-O-Bn, GlcNAcβ1-4 GlcNAcβ-O-Bn and GlcNAcβ1-6GalNAcα-O-Bn as compared to GlcNAcβ-OBn. α-[6-³H]GalNAc-ylated endogenous cancer cells Ser/Thr polypeptides by the corresponding cancer cell αGalNAc-T were at variable levels, heterogenous, and exhibited complete binding to VVL-agarose and non-binding to WGA-, WFL- and ConA- agarose. PNA-agarose binding and non-binding radioactive products from [6-³H] GalNAc-ylated exogenous acceptor GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3) GalNAcα-O-Al indicated cancer type variable β1-3Galactosidase activities at neutral pH. TLC analysis identified two radioactive products by confirming PNA-agarose data. WGA-agarose tight binding and VVL-agarose weak binding respectively of the products [6-³H] GalNAcβ1-4 and β1-3GlcNAcβ-OBn isolated from the exogenous acceptor GlcNAc-β-O-Bn by Sep-Pak C18 method were used to quantitate β1-4 and β1- 3GalNAc-T activities in cancer cells. DU4475, MDA-MB-435S, PA-1, LNCaP, PC3, DU145, EG7 and GL261- OVA over-expressed β1-3GalNAc-T activity. Tumorigenic MDA-MB-435/LLC6 as compared to non-tumorigenic MDA-MB-435S contained ~2-fold each of αGalNAc-T and β1-4GalNAc-T. The breast cancer DU4475 uniquely expressed 10-fold β1-3GalNAc-T with respect to β1-4GalNAc-T. HPLC identified negligible β1-6GalNAc-T in cancer cells and high-level β1-3GalNAc-T in pancreatic and gastric tumors. It is known that Tn epitopes correlate with cancer progression and metastasis and β-galactosidase is a senescence-biomarker and moleculartarget for ovarian cancer. It is apparent that βGalNAc-T, Tn polypeptides, αGalNAc-T and neutral β1-3galactosidase could play a crucial role in cancer pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":91662,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of cancer and clinical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43333779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"B7-H3 Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Regulating PYCR1 in the Proline Metabolism","authors":"Jin Y, Jiang X, W. R., L. H, Zhang T, X. X, Zhang L, W. X, H. D., Yong Mao","doi":"10.26420/austinjcancerclinres.2021.1096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjcancerclinres.2021.1096","url":null,"abstract":"Proline metabolism plays an essential role in tumor development; however, its underlying mechanism in CRC remains elusive. B7-H3, an immune checkpoint member of the B7 immunoregulatory family, is aberrantly overexpressed in a wide variety of malignancies and is associated with a poor prognosis. In this study, we found that overexpression of B7-H3 effectively enhanced proline consumption rate and reduced glutamate production, while knockout of B7-H3 had inverse effects. Moreover, we also identified that B7-H3 increased proline consumption and decreased glutamate production by promoting the expression of Pyrroline- 5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) in CRC cells and that PYCR1 is a crucial mediator of B7-H3-induced CRC proliferation and migration. Overexpression of PYCR1 or treatment of cells with PYCR1 inhibitors could reverse B7-H3-induced proline metabolism and B7-H3-induced tumor cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, we confirmed the positive correlation between B7-H3 and PYCR1 expression in tumor tissues of CRC patients. Collectively, the present study highlighted a previously unrecognized mechanism of B7-H3-mediated rewiring of proline metabolism through increased expression of PYCR1 in CRC cells. These findings suggested that B7-H3 may serve as a novel prognostic factor and a promising therapeutic target for CRC.","PeriodicalId":91662,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of cancer and clinical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48986504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Data Augmentation for Bone Suppression in Chest Radiograph using Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"Ren G, L. S.K., N. R, Yang D, Q. J, C. J.","doi":"10.26420/austinjcancerclinres.2021.1095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjcancerclinres.2021.1095","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Bone suppression of chest radiograph holds great promise to improve the localization accuracy in Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT). However, data scarcity has long been considered as the prime culprit of developing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) models for the task of bone suppression. In this study, we explored the effectiveness of various data augmentation techniques for the task of bone suppression. Methods: In this study, chest radiograph and bone-free chest radiograph are derived from 59 high-resolution CT scans. Two CNN models (U-Net and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)) were adapted to explore the effectiveness of various data augmentation techniques for bone signal suppression in the chest radiograph. Lung radiograph and bone-free radiograph were used as the input and target label, respectively. Impacts of six typical data augmentation techniques (flip, cropping, noise injection, rotation, shift and zoom) on model performance were investigated. A series of statistical evaluating metrics, including Peak Signal-To-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity (SSIM) and Mean Absolute Error (MAR), were deployed to comprehensively assess the prediction performance of the two networks under the six data augmentation strategies. Quantitative comparative results showed that different data augmentation techniques exhibited a varying degree of influence on the performance of CNN models in the task of CR bone signal suppression. Results: For the U-Net model, flips, rotation (10 to 20 degrees), all the shifts, and zoom (1/8) resulted in improved model prediction accuracy. By contrast, other studied augmentation techniques showed adverse impacts on the model performance. For the GAN model, it was found to be more sensitive to the studied augmentation techniques than the U-Net. Vertical flip was the only augmentation method that yielded enhanced model performance. Conclusion: In this study, we found that different data augmentation techniques resulted in a varying degree of impacts on the prediction performance of U-Net and GAN models in the task of bone suppression in CR. However, it remains challenging to determine the optimal parameter settings for each augmentation technique. In the future, a more comprehensive evaluation is still warranted to evaluate the effectiveness of different augmentation techniques in task-specific image synthesis.","PeriodicalId":91662,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of cancer and clinical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47153138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Evidence of Anticancer Activity of Camel Milk Combined with Camel Urine","authors":"Gupta I, Shanmuganathan S, A. H, Ouhtit A","doi":"10.26420/austinjcancerclinres.2021.1093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjcancerclinres.2021.1093","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","PeriodicalId":91662,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of cancer and clinical research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42997294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}