Breast Cancer : Basic and Clinical Research最新文献

{"title":"Tumor lysis Syndrome in a Patient with Metastatic Breast Cancer Treated with Alpelisib.","authors":"Caitlin Handy,&nbsp;Robert Wesolowski,&nbsp;Michelle Gillespie,&nbsp;Michael Lause,&nbsp;Sagar Sardesai,&nbsp;Nicole Williams,&nbsp;Michael Grimm,&nbsp;Mahmoud Kassem,&nbsp;Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy","doi":"10.1177/11782234211037421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11782234211037421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a rare but life-threatening phenomenon that occurs mainly in patients with aggressive hematologic or highly chemotherapy sensitive solid tumors such as high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma or testicular cancer. Tumor lysis syndrome is exceedingly rare in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. Furthermore, TLS following treatment with alpelisib, a novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor used to treat <i>PIK3CA</i>-mutated (gene encoding p110α subunit of PI3K), hormone receptor positive advanced breast cancer, has never been described in patients with nonhematologic malignancies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the following case, we present a patient with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, <i>PIK3CA</i>-mutated metastatic breast cancer who developed TLS 12 days after starting fulvestrant and alpelisib.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patient was promptly treated with improvement in her renal function to baseline without requiring renal replacement therapy. Alpelisib was resumed at a reduced dose with no further complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Through this case, we discuss the potential complications of TLS and the importance of prompt recognition and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9163,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Basic and Clinical Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"11782234211037421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7a/75/10.1177_11782234211037421.PMC8408891.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39385062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological Examination of Metaplastic Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Breast: Case Series.","authors":"Yumiko Ishizuka,&nbsp;Yoshiya Horimoto,&nbsp;Naotake Yanagisawa,&nbsp;Atsushi Arakawa,&nbsp;Katsuya Nakai,&nbsp;Mitsue Saito","doi":"10.1177/11782234211039433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11782234211039433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) of the breast is a rare histological type, a subtype of metaplastic carcinoma characterized by atypical spindle cell and epithelial carcinoma. The proportions of the spindle cell and epithelial components vary among tumours. Due to its rarity, biological characteristics of this disease have been poorly studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 10 patients with SpCC were surgically treated at our institution from January 2007 to December 2018. We retrospectively investigated these SpCC cases, focusing on the differences between spindle cell and epithelial components. Microsatellite status was also examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine cases were triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The rates of high tumour grade were 70% in spindle cell components and 56% in epithelial components (<i>P</i> = .65), while the mean Ki67 labelling index were 63% and 58%, respectively (<i>P</i> = .71). Mean programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in these components was 11% and 1%, respectively (<i>P</i> = .20). All 10 tumours were microsatellite stable. Patient outcomes of triple-negative SpCC did not differ from those of propensity-matched patients with conventional TNBC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Spindle cell components showed higher values in factors examined, although there was no statistically significant difference. Our data reveal that these 2 components of SpCC may be of different biological nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":9163,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Basic and Clinical Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"11782234211039433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/54/ee/10.1177_11782234211039433.PMC8369969.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39328221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Extract of Taro (<i>Colocasia esculenta</i>) Mediates Potent Inhibitory Actions on Metastatic and Cancer Stem Cells by Tumor Cell-Autonomous and Immune-Dependent Mechanisms.","authors":"Namita Kundu,&nbsp;Xinrong Ma,&nbsp;Stephen Hoag,&nbsp;Fang Wang,&nbsp;Ahmed Ibrahim,&nbsp;Raquel Godoy-Ruiz,&nbsp;David J Weber,&nbsp;Amy M Fulton","doi":"10.1177/11782234211034937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11782234211034937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The taro plant, <i>Colocasia esculenta</i>, contains bioactive proteins with potential as cancer therapeutics. Several groups have reported anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo of taro-derived extracts (TEs). We reported that TE inhibits metastasis in a syngeneic murine model of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC).</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We sought to confirm our earlier studies in additional models and to identify novel mechanisms by which efficacy is achieved.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed a panel of murine and human breast and ovarian cancer cell lines to determine the effect of TE on tumor cell viability, migration, and the ability to support cancer stem cells. Two syngeneic models of TNBC were employed to confirm our earlier report that TE potently inhibits metastasis. Cancer stem cell assays were employed to determine the ability of TE to inhibit tumorsphere-forming ability and to inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. To determine if host immunity contributes to the mechanism of metastasis inhibition, efficacy was assessed in immune-compromised mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We demonstrate that viability of some, but not all cell lines is inhibited by TE. Likewise, tumor cell migration is inhibited by TE. Using 2 immune competent, syngeneic models of TNBC, we confirm our earlier findings that tumor metastasis is potently inhibited by TE. We also demonstrate, for the first time, that TE directly inhibits breast cancer stem cells. Administration of TE to mice elicits expansion of several spleen cell populations but it was not known if host immune cells contribute to the mechanism by which TE inhibits tumor cell dissemination. In novel findings, we now show that the ability of TE to inhibit metastasis relies on immune T-cell-dependent, but not B cell or Natural Killer (NK)-cell-dependent mechanisms. Thus, both tumor cell-autonomous and host immune factors contribute to the mechanisms underlying TE efficacy. Our long-term goal is to evaluate TE efficacy in clinical trials. Most of our past studies as well as many of the results reported in this report were carried out using an isolation protocol described earlier (TE). In preparation for a near future clinical trial, we have now developed a strategy to isolate an enriched taro fraction, TE-method 2, (TE-M2) as well as a more purified subfraction (TE-M2F1) which can be scaled up under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) conditions for evaluation in human subjects. We demonstrate that TE-M2 and TE-M2F1 retain the anti-metastatic properties of TE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These studies provide further support for the continued examination of biologically active components of <i>Colocasia esculenta</i> as potential new therapeutic entities and identify a method to isolate sufficient quantities under GMP conditions to conduct early phase clinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9163,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Basic and Clinical Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"11782234211034937"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/11782234211034937","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39298783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast Cancer Awareness and Associated Factors Amongst Women in Peshawar, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Zia Ullah, Muhammad Naseem Khan, Zia Ud Din, Saima Afaq","doi":"10.1177/11782234211025346","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11782234211025346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and the second overall, following lung cancer. Breast cancer can occur at any age, with an increased incidence in women 40 years and above. Worldwide the incidence is around 1 million cases per year, 60% of the cases reported from low- and middle-income countries. The current study was conducted to determine knowledge, attitude, and practices related to breast cancer, the associated risk factors, and screening methods in women presenting to a health care facility from resource-poor settings in Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study design was used, and participants were recruited phase-wise from three major outpatient departments (OPDs) (Gynecology and Obstetrics OPD, Medical OPD, and Surgical OPD). Data were collected through the validated \"Breast Cancer Awareness Measure\" developed by Cancer Research UK, King's College London, and University College London in 2009. Data were analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) version 23.0. Students's T-Test, ANOVA, and linear regression analysis were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 430 women were invited for participation in the study from the 3 main OPDs, and 400 took part in the study (response rate = 93.02%). The mean age of the women was 33.62 years ± 12.3 years, and the mean years of formal education were 5.05 ± 6.3 years. Less than a quarter of the participants were aware of the breast cancer warning signs, and 23.3% recognized the pain in the armpit or one of the breasts as a sign of breast cancer. The proportion of women aware of age-related and lifetime risk of getting breast cancer was 15.0%. Furthermore, only 2.5% performed breast self-examination at least once a month. Women identified many barriers like embarrassment, transport, and confidentiality issues in seeking medical help.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, women had poor knowledge of breast cancer, related warning signs, breast self-examination, risk factors, and screening methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":9163,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Basic and Clinical Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"11782234211025346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/96/1a/10.1177_11782234211025346.PMC8236781.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39173391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Clinical Utility of Routine Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy and the Value of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Elderly Patients Diagnosed With Oestrogen Receptor Positive, Clinically Node Negative Breast Cancer.","authors":"Matthew G Davey,&nbsp;Éanna J Ryan,&nbsp;Daniel Burke,&nbsp;Kevin McKevitt,&nbsp;Peter F McAnena,&nbsp;Michael J Kerin,&nbsp;Aoife J Lowery","doi":"10.1177/11782234211022203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11782234211022203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) provides staging information and guides adjuvant therapy in early breast cancer (EBC). Routine SLNB in oncogeriatricians with low-risk EBC remains controversial.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate axillary management in elderly patients diagnosed with oestrogen receptor positive (ER+), clinically lymph node negative (cLN-) EBC, and to assess whether SLNB affects further axillary management or adjuvant chemotherapy (ACTX) decision making.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Female patients aged > 65 years, diagnosed with ER+, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 negative (HER2-), and cLN- breast cancer (BC), who underwent surgery and SLNB were included. Clinicopathological predictors of ACTX and completion axillary lymph node dissection (CALND) were determined. Kaplan-Meier analyses assessed survival outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 253 patients were included (median age: 72 years, range: 66-90), all underwent SLNB; 50 (19.8%) had lymphatic metastasis on SLNB (SLNB+). Of these, 19 proceeded to CALND (38.0%), 10 (52.6%) of whom had further axillary disease (ALND+). 20 of the 50 SLNB+ patients received ACTX (40.0%) as did 31 of the 203 SLNB- patients (15.2%) (<i>P</i> < .001). Oncotype DX (ODX) testing was utilized in 82 cases (32.8%). Younger age (<i>P</i> < .001), SLNB+ (<i>P</i> < .001) and ODX score (<i>P</i> = .003) were all associated with ACTX prescription. ODX > 25 (OR: 4.37, 95% CI: 1.38-13.80, <i>P</i> = .012) independently predicted receiving ACTX. Receiving ACTX and proceeding to CALND did not improve disease-free (<i>P</i> = .485 and <i>P</i> = .345) or overall survival (<i>P</i> = .981 and <i>P</i> = .646).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Routine SNLB may not be necessary in elderly patients diagnosed with ER+, cLN- EBC. Future oncogeriatric practice is likely to see genomic testing guiding ACTX prescription in this group.</p>","PeriodicalId":9163,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Basic and Clinical Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"11782234211022203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/11782234211022203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39043673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KI-67 LI Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients and Its Significance.","authors":"Maria A Arafah,&nbsp;Abderrahman Ouban,&nbsp;Omar Z Ameer,&nbsp;Ko Jin Quek","doi":"10.1177/11782234211016977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11782234211016977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subset of breast cancer which is known to carry a poor prognosis because of lack of targets for hormonal therapy. Research efforts have focused in recent years on discovering biomarkers of management in TNBCs. KI-67 Labelling Index (LI) is a nuclear protein which has proven to play diagnostic and prognostic roles in many cancers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We analysed the expression of KI-67 LI by immunohistochemistry in TNBC cases from the University hospital. This expression was cross-checked against clinical-pathological criteria of TNBC patients and against Vimentin expression in TNBC patients with significant KI-67 expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>KI-67 LI was significantly expressed in the majority of TNBC cases. This expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastases, tumour invasion, high tumour nuclear grade, clinical stage, adverse survival outcome, and failure to achieve pathological complete response. TNBCs' KI-67 LI expression was also correlated with Vimentin expression, the mesenchymal chief marker of the EMT phenomenon.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, our study presents a strong argument for the use of KI-67 LI as a biomarker of aggressive, metastatic TNBC disease with poor outcome. This study, along with mounting evidence in the scientific literature, presents a case for the use of this nuclear protein in diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up of patients with this difficult diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9163,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Basic and Clinical Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"11782234211016977"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/11782234211016977","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39095636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast Cancer in Togolese Women: Imaging and Clinicopathological Findings.","authors":"Tchin Darré,&nbsp;Mazamaesso Tchaou,&nbsp;Toukilnan Djiwa,&nbsp;Baguilane Douaguibe,&nbsp;Akila Bassowa,&nbsp;Solange Adani-Ifé,&nbsp;Ayikoé Kossi Amavi,&nbsp;Bidamin N'Timon,&nbsp;Abdoulatif Amadou,&nbsp;Panakinao Simgban,&nbsp;Bingo K N'Bortche,&nbsp;Koffi Amégbor,&nbsp;Abdoul-Samadou Aboubakari,&nbsp;Gado Napo-Koura","doi":"10.1177/11782234211020242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11782234211020242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and its incidence and mortality rates are expected to increase significantly over the next few years, particularly in developing countries. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, radiological, histopathological, and prognostic aspects of breast cancer in Togo.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed at our Department of Pathology of Lomé all cases of breast cancer in women confirmed by histology over a period of 20 years (2000-2019).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We collected 804 cases of breast cancer in women. The median age was 46.7 years (range, 12-86 years). Patients aged <40 years represented 48.38% of cases, and the left breast was more affected (51.24%). Most women were sexually active (71.52%) and resided in urban areas (66.29%). Carcinomas represented the predominant histological group (796 cases, 99.00%) with a predominance of invasive nonspecific type carcinoma (92.34%). These cancers were diagnosed at late stage III using Nottingham grading (55.10%). The TNM classification showed a predominance of grades T2NxMx (72.45%) and T4N1Mx (17.76%). The luminal B profile (40.85%) was found mostly, and the mutation of BRCA2 and BRCA1 genes was found in 2.61% of cases. Mastectomy was performed in 7.59%, radiotherapy in 3.61%, and chemotherapy in 18.66%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Breast cancer is a frequent pathology in Togolese women, predominant in young adults, often diagnosed at a late stage with limited possibilities of treatment. The establishment of early care programs is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":9163,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Basic and Clinical Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"11782234211020242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/11782234211020242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39075282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hypertension Related Gene G-Protein Coupled Receptor Kinase 4 Contributes to Breast Cancer Proliferation.","authors":"Wei Yue, Hanh T Tran, Ji-Ping Wang, Katherine Schiermeyer, John J Gildea, Peng Xu, Robin A Felder","doi":"10.1177/11782234211015753","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11782234211015753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Clinical studies have shown that breast cancer risk is increased in hypertensive women. The underlying molecular mechanism remains undetermined. The current study tests our hypothesis that G protein coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) is a molecule that links hypertension and breast cancer. GRK4 plays an important role in regulation of renal sodium excretion. Sustained activation of GRK4 as in the circumstances of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) causes hypertension. Expression of GRK4 in the kidney is regulated by cMyc, an oncogene that is amplified in breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Western analysis was used to evaluate GRK4 protein expression in seven breast cancer cell lines. <i>GRK4</i> gene single nucleotide polymorphism in breast cancer cell lines and in breast cancer cDNA arrays were determined using TaqMan Genotyping qPRC. The function of GRK4 was evaluated in MCF-7 cells with cMyc knock-down and GRK4 re-expression and in MDA-MB-468 cells expressing inducible GRK4 shRNA lentivirus constructs. Nuclei counting and 5-Bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) labeling were used to evaluate cell growth and proliferation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genotyping of <i>GRK4</i> SNPs in breast cancer cDNA arrays (n = 94) revealed that the frequency of carrying two hypertension related SNPs A142 V or R65 L is threefold higher in breast cancer patients than in healthy people (<i>P</i> = 7.53E-11). GRK4 protein is expressed in seven breast cancer cell lines but not the benign mammary epithelial cell line, MCF-10A. Three hypertension related SNPs in the <i>GRK4</i> gene were identified in the breast cancer cell lines. Except for BT20, all other breast cancer lines have 1-3 <i>GRK4</i> SNPs of which A142 V occurs in all 6 lines. MDA-MB-468 cells contain homozygous A142 V and R65 L SNPs. Knocking down cMyc in MCF-7 cells significantly reduced the growth rate, which was rescued by re-expression of GRK4. We then generated three stable GRK4 knock-down MDA-MB-468 lines using inducible lentiviral shRNA vectors. Doxycycline (Dox) induced GRK4 silencing significantly reduced GRK4 mRNA and protein levels, growth rates, and proliferation. As a marker of cell proliferation, the percentage of BrdU-labeled cells decreased from 45 ± 3% in the cells without Dox to 32 ± 5% in the cells treated with 0.1 µg/mL Dox.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GRK4 acts as an independent proliferation promotor in breast cancer. Our results suggest that targeted inhibition of GRK4 could be a new therapy for both hypertension and breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":9163,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Basic and Clinical Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"11782234211015753"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c2/c2/10.1177_11782234211015753.PMC8145586.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39075280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of OSNA Nomogram in Patients With Macrometastatic Sentinel Lymph Node: A Retrospective Assessment of Accuracy.","authors":"Francesca Combi,&nbsp;Alessia Andreotti,&nbsp;Anna Gambini,&nbsp;Enza Palma,&nbsp;Simona Papi,&nbsp;Alice Biroli,&nbsp;Stefania Zaccarelli,&nbsp;Guido Ficarra,&nbsp;Giovanni Tazzioli","doi":"10.1177/11782234211014796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11782234211014796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Almost 50% to 70% of patients who undergo axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) because of a single metastatic sentinel lymph node (SLN) have no further metastatic nodes at the axillary histology. On these grounds, the one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) nomogram was designed and validated. As a mathematical model, calculated through tumor size (expressed in millimeters) and CK19 mRNA copy number, it is thought to predict nonsentinel lymph node (NSLN) status. The aim of the study is to verify the diagnostic accuracy of the OSNA nomogram in a group of patients with macrometastatic SLN, with a retrospective analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The OSNA nomogram was retrospectively applied to a group of 66 patients with macrometastatic SLN who underwent ALND. The result of the final histology of the axillary cavity was compared to the nomogram prediction. We calculated the prevalence of NSLN metastasis in patients who underwent ALND, sensitivity and specificity, negative and positive predictive value of the nomogram.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In patients with macrometastasis in SLN, the prevalence of patients with metastatic NSLN was 45%. The sensitivity of the nomogram was excellent (90%). The specificity was low (36%). Positive predictive value amounted to 54%, while negative predictive value was good (81%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that the OSNA nomogram is a valid instrument that can help choose the best surgical strategy for the treatment of axillary cavity. The mathematical model is useful to avoid surgery in a selected group of patients because it accurately predicts NSLN status.</p>","PeriodicalId":9163,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Basic and Clinical Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"11782234211014796"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/11782234211014796","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38917021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shiga-Like Toxin Produced by Local Isolates of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 Induces Apoptosis of the T47 Breast Cancer Cell Line.","authors":"Komang Januartha Putra Pinatih,&nbsp;I Wayan Suardana,&nbsp;Dyah Ayu Widiasih,&nbsp;Hamong Suharsono","doi":"10.1177/11782234211010120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11782234211010120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>It has been suggested that Shiga-like toxins produced by <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 could be used as novel therapeutic agents against malignant tumors. In addition, the antitumor potency of local isolates from Indonesia, which are known to be less toxic than the control isolate ATCC 43894, has not yet been tested. The study aimed to analyze local strains of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 as a proapoptosis agent on the T47 breast cancer cell line.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As many as 30 culture cells of T47D breast cancer cell line were subjected to purified extracts of Shiga-like toxin originating from 5 local isolates of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7: KL-48(2), SM-25(1), SM-7(1), DS-21(4), and 1 isolate ATCC 43894 which was used as a control. Toxin production of each isolate was detected using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the treatment of cell lines was observed for 24 hours, with 2 replications; 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide tests and acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining assays were used for detection and analyses of apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study showed 2 local strains of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 (codes KL-48(2) and SM-25(1)) had toxins positive at titer 5 and 10 μg/100 μL. These titers were lower than the control isolate ATCC 43894, but they had a necrosis effect higher (<i>P</i> < .05), ie, 80.3%, than control isolate, ie, 63.3%. Other local strain SM-25(1) also had a good necrosis effect. It has a nondifferent necrosis effect (<i>P</i> > .05) with the control isolate ATCC 43894, ie, 13.0% from 13.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study concludes that the Shiga toxin produced by <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 local isolate (Indonesia) has potential as a proapoptotic and/or necrotic agent for treating T47 breast cancer cell lines, as effectively as ATCC 43894 control isolates.</p>","PeriodicalId":9163,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Basic and Clinical Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"11782234211010120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/11782234211010120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39638047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}