Gastroenterology & hepatology (Bartlesville, Okla.)最新文献

{"title":"ACUTE UNCOMPLICATED DIVERTICULITIS: Guidelines on Diagnosis and Management: is everything fine?","authors":"Sergio Morini","doi":"10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ghoa.2023.14.00557","url":null,"abstract":"The transition from intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy to oral therapy and the observation that in patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (AUD), treatment with or without antibiotics gave similar results in both hospitalized and outpatients, opened the way for out-of-hospital treatment in selected patients with CT-confirmed diagnosis. Due to economic constraints and a growing demand for hospitalization, home hospital care (HAH) and other community-based services was supported to alleviate the burden on emergency departments (EDs). This resulted in significant cost savings for the National Health Service (NHS) but, in many countries, community services are not uniformly present, leading to health care inequality. Relationships between hospital and community doctors indicate poor professional communication. Shared guidelines could lead to increased adherence. Some conditional recommendations based on low-certainty evidence related to the diagnosis and management of AUD remain controversial. Even after recovery from an episode, the question of whether to pursue conservative management or elective surgery is still open for debate. The outpatient treatment is understood as referring to both patients managed by hospital doctors and those treated by general physicians in their office. On management and outcomes of patients with AUD diagnosis in primary care there is little data. AUD treatment without antibiotics encounters resistance in many countries for multiple reasons, including low implementation and uncertain dissemination of guidelines recommendations. This would require greater control and commitment on the part of Institutional bodies and scientific societies.","PeriodicalId":91483,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & hepatology (Bartlesville, Okla.)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135057837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermophilic Campylobacter - Neglected Foodborne Pathogens in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.","authors":"Ngoc Huy Nguyen,&nbsp;Tuan Ngoc Minh Nguyen,&nbsp;Helmut Hotzel,&nbsp;Hosny El Adawy,&nbsp;An Quang Nguyen,&nbsp;Hanh Thi Tran,&nbsp;Minh Thi Hong Le,&nbsp;Herbert Tomaso,&nbsp;Heinrich Neubauer,&nbsp;Hafez M Hafez","doi":"10.15406/ghoa.2017.08.00279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ghoa.2017.08.00279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermophilic <i>Campylobacter</i> are the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. Poultry and poultry products are the main sources for human infections. Epidemiological data concerning campylobacteriosis in Asia are limited. Overall, it is difficult to accurately assess the burden of <i>Campylobacter</i> infections. South-East Asia including Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam is known as a hotspot for emerging diseases. Campylobacteriosis is a problem of public health concern in these countries, hence. Epidemiological data are scarce. This is influenced by the limited number of laboratory facilities and lack of equipment and awareness in physicians and veterinarians resulting in the lack of surveys. This review lists articles and reports on <i>Campylobacter</i> and campylobacteriosis in these developing third world countries. Subjects are prevalence of thermophilic <i>Campylobacter</i> in humans, animals and food and their resistance to several antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":91483,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & hepatology (Bartlesville, Okla.)","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6754824/pdf/nihms-1050205.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41223249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver Injury Assessment by Vetscan VS2 Analyzer and Most Frequently Used ALT/GTP Reagent.","authors":"Vatsalya Vatsalya,&nbsp;Diana Avila,&nbsp;Jane C Frimodig,&nbsp;Shirish S Barve,&nbsp;Craig J McClain,&nbsp;Leila Gobejishvili","doi":"10.15406/ghoa.2016.04.00107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ghoa.2016.04.00107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Liver injury is estimated by serum alanine aminotransferases (ALT) levels in experimental animal models. Laboratories use various techniques to measure ALT levels including assay reagents and chemistry analyzers. VetScan VS2 (VS2) is widely used in veterinary clinics and research laboratories for highly reproducible, convenient and effective testing. Alternatively, ALT liquid reagent is used by laboratories to estimate liver injury in animal studies. The aim of this study was to perform comparative analyses of data obtained from these two assays in two different animal models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we used two different mouse models and compared the ALT levels measured using VetScan VS2 chemistry analyzer and ALT liquid reagent. Immunohistochemical analysis of hepatic tissue was also performed to document liver pathology. The first model is a high fat diet feeding model that results in a mild hepatic steatosis (fat accumulation in the liver) without elevation of ALT levels. For a severe liver injury model, we employed a hepatotoxin-induced liver injury model (carbon tetrachloride, CCl4), which leads to the development of hepatic fibrosis and very high ALT levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VetScan VS2 and ALT reagent gave different values of ALT for all animal groups. However, linear regression analysis showed a significantly high association between ALT levels obtained by VS2 and ALT liquid reagent in a high-fat feeding model with no liver injury. For the CCl₄ induced liver injury model, serum dilution (5 and 10 times) was performed to obtain accurate results with ALT reagent. ALT levels acquired from both techniques showed a close association. Interestingly, this correlation was closer when serum was diluted 5 fold.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that both methods give similar results when evaluating liver injury in animal studies. However, the serum dilution factor is critical for severe liver injury assessment when using ALT reagent and requires some optimization. In this regard, VetScan VS2 is easier to use and gives comparable results.</p>","PeriodicalId":91483,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & hepatology (Bartlesville, Okla.)","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4890971/pdf/nihms-784052.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34557601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}