BMJ Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Advancing the course of HIV genomics research in Africa.","authors":"Francis E Agamah, Patrick Arbuthnot, Paulina Tindana, Nchangwi Synthia Munung, Mary Kasule, Anita Ghansah, Mosepele Mosepele, Tendani Gaolathe, Adeodata Kekitiinwa, Eunice Nduati, Jibreel Jumare, Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé, Lenine Liebenberg, Collet Dandara, Sophia Osawe, Rolanda Julius, Tino Muzambi, Tanian Natus, Judith Omumbo, Elizabeth Mayne, Alash'le Abimiku, Simone Richardson, Mogomotsi Matshaba, Michelle Skelton","doi":"10.1136/bmjgh-2025-019094","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjgh-2025-019094","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9137,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Global Health","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12406881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-care interventions for sexual and reproductive health: a strategic health systems investment.","authors":"Jesper Sundewall, Andrea Williams, Michael Strauss, Gavin George","doi":"10.1136/bmjgh-2025-019030","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjgh-2025-019030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-care interventions for sexual and reproductive health (SRH), including HIV self-testing, self-injected contraception and self-managed abortion, offer promising pathways to advance universal health coverage, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. While often framed as cost-saving measures, this paper argues that self-care should be understood as a strategic investment in health system performance. Drawing on costing and financing analyses and previous literature, we explore how self-care interventions can enhance efficiency, resilience and equity of health systems. We propose a costing framework that outlines cost components across development, implementation and scale-up, emphasising both system and individual-level considerations. We argue that sustainable scale-up of self-care requires diversified financing models, including tax-based funding, insurance mechanisms and reduced out-of-pocket costs for users. Successful integration also demands governance structures that prioritise quality, equity and continuity of care. By reframing self-care as a health system investment rather than a cost-containment tool, policymakers can better harness its potential to improve access, reduce burden on facilities and empower individuals in managing their health. Self-care interventions for SRH, when embedded within broader health system strengthening efforts, have the potential to be transformative for SRH outcomes and for progressing towards universal health coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":9137,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Global Health","volume":"10 Suppl 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12406852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between rural residence and cervical cancer screening in three sub-Saharan countries with different national screening policies.","authors":"Jonas M Ndeke, Molly Rosenberg, Karen E Yeates, Douglas Landsittel","doi":"10.1136/bmjgh-2024-018634","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjgh-2024-018634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare cervical cancer screening prevalence between urban and rural women aged 30-49 years in three sub-Saharan African countries chosen by their country-specific screening strategy (Burkina Faso, which has a systematic population-based cervical cancer screening programme in place; Tanzania, where opportunistic screening options only are implemented; and Ghana, which has implemented neither one).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys data from Burkina Faso, Ghana and Tanzania. We restricted our analysis to women aged 30-49 eligible for cervical cancer screening and categorised them by their place of residence as urban or rural. We calculated screening proportions using country-specific survey weights to estimate the absolute prevalence difference in cervical cancer screening between urban/rural residents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rural participants represented 69.5% in Burkina Faso, 64.6% in Tanzania and 42.8% in Ghana. Burkina Faso women reported higher cervical cancer screening prevalence at 19.9%, and Ghana participants reported the lowest at 7.4%. Compared with urban participants, rural women screened less across countries, with an absolute prevalence difference in screening wider in Tanzania at 13.1% (95% CI 10.6% to 15.7%), followed by Burkina Faso at 11.1% (95% CI 7.7% to 14.6%) and narrower in Ghana at 5.9% (95% CI 4.1% to 7.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found a consistently low screening uptake and a screening prevalence gap disfavouring rural women from these three sub-Saharan African countries, with the narrowest urban/rural gap in Ghana and the widest in Tanzania, which has a large opportunistic cervical cancer screening programme. Our findings offer no indication of a potential benefit of having a systematic screening programme as a tool that can mitigate the screening gap between urban and rural populations. Further screening uptake studies, including more countries, are needed on this topic, which should account for the existing country-specific non-screening related factors in the healthcare system that may influence cervical cancer screening uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":9137,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Global Health","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12406890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Level of understanding and community-level barriers to the management of hypertension: a qualitative study in eight coastal communities in Ghana.","authors":"Vincent Boima, Alfred Doku, Charles Hayfron-Benjamin, Afua A A Twumasi, Raphael Baffour Awuah, Juliette Edzeame Selom, Bert-Jan H van den Born, Charles Agyemang","doi":"10.1136/bmjgh-2024-017511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-017511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension has a significant impact on healthcare systems in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite Ghana's high prevalence of hypertension, health system barriers impede its detection, treatment and control. This study assessed the level of understanding and systemic barriers that influence hypertension detection, management and control. This qualitative study was conducted in coastal communities in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana between December 2023 and January 2024. Participants with hypertension, healthcare professionals and religious/traditional leaders were purposively selected to ensure a diverse representation of perspectives. A total of 14 focus group discussions (FGDs) and 56 in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted. All FGDs and IDIs were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using the qualitative software package, Atlas.ti. The themes identified included lay description of hypertension, perceived causes/risks of hypertension, caregiving, knowledge on management and prevention, knowledge on complications of hypertension, impact of hypertension, challenges of living with hypertension and actions by faith-based organisations regarding hypertension and its management. Although patients hold positive views of support systems for hypertension management, financial restrictions, distance to healthcare and stigma hindered hypertension management. Residents in these coastal communities tend to understand hypertension, its management and its problems. The identified barriers for management of hypertension in these communities include financial and structural constraints. Despite these obstacles, these people understood the need for social support, as families, individuals and religious organisations help hypertensive patients financially and socially.</p>","PeriodicalId":9137,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Global Health","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating COVID-19 vaccination into health systems: qualitative findings from seven countries.","authors":"Cheickna Touré, Marty Makinen, Adriana Almiñana, Grace Chee, Natasha Kanagat, Rebecca Fields, Sakina Kudrati, Laurel Hatt, Leah Hughey Ewald, Audrey Semevo Eunice Amoussou, Roch Houngnihin, Landry Kaucley, Mulugeta Tamire, Israel Mitiku Hatau, Mebratu Massebo Cherinet, Melkamu Ayalew Kokebie, Aschalew Worku Ashagre, Tewodros Alemayehu, Isaac Yeboah, Abraham R Oduro, Manish Jain, Thirumalaichiry Sivaprakasam Selvavinayagam, Vinay Kumar, Deepak Kotebagilu Guddemane, Anil Gupta, Gopal Krishna Soni, Melvin B Moore, Yara Voss De Lima, Betuel Sigauque, Graça Matsinhe, Chinyere Okeke, Adejoke Kolawole","doi":"10.1136/bmjgh-2024-017035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-017035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In May 2023, when the WHO declared that COVID-19 was no longer a public health emergency of international concern, countries began considering transitioning from the emergency phase to routine provision of COVID-19 vaccination. This paper presents the experience of seven countries with integrating COVID-19 vaccination into other health services and health system functions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data collection took place between August 2023 and April 2024 in Benin, Ethiopia, Ghana, India (Tamil Nadu State), Liberia, Mozambique and Nigeria using key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Interviewees included national and subnational representatives from across the Ministry of Health, COVID-19 task forces, civil society organisations and partners. Focus group discussions were conducted with health workers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While demand for vaccination was low at the time of data collection, six of seven countries had started integrating or planned to integrate COVID-19 vaccination with other health services. Relatively high integration was reported for certain health system functions such as supply chain, while others such as information systems were less integrated. The immunisation programme served as lead on integrating COVID-19 vaccination, but coordinating across other health programmes was a major challenge. Nearly all assessment countries relied on external funding for COVID-19 vaccines; none had plans to self-procure COVID-19 vaccines when external funding ends.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This article highlights challenges such as a lack of cross-programmatic coordination with clear roles and accountability mechanisms, absence of a clear strategy for sustainable procurement of COVID-19 vaccines, infodemics, as well as considerations countries face in transitioning from emergency response to a more routine approach to COVID-19 vaccination. Opportunities exist to focus COVID-19 vaccination integration efforts in a way that sets the stage for a strengthened life course approach to immunisation; lessons for future emergencies include designing for integration earlier to ensure systems and processes built are leveraged postemergency.</p>","PeriodicalId":9137,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Global Health","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mpox containment strategies in China, 2022-2023: from preparedness to legal management.","authors":"Weijing Shang, Jun Yan, Hongbin Zhang, Wannian Liang, Jue Liu, Min Liu","doi":"10.1136/bmjgh-2025-019279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2025-019279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>WHO declared mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 23 July 2022. China experienced the first imported case in September 2022, the first local case in May 2023, indigenous clustered outbreaks in June to August 2023 and finally has achieved routine management since September 2023. We designed a conceptual framework through literature review and theoretical underpinnings according to the risk management theory and Chinese mpox control practice, with the strategy and measures evolution of the mpox control in China over time from the stages of risk preparedness, emergency response and management, to routine report and management. Overall, China proactively takes strategies and measures ranging from risk preparedness to emergency response of imported cases, and finally controls the cross-border importation and local outbreaks of mpox. Notably, risk management was performed in the whole process of mpox response through HIV/AIDS service system. The imported case in September 2022 did not cause local transmission or aggregated outbreaks. The indigenous cases and clustered outbreaks in June 2023 did not result in three-generation transmission. Since September 2023, less than 100 cases per month and zero aggregated outbreaks were reported nationwide. As of 31 December 2023, the cumulative incidence per million population in China (1.202) was much lower than that in some European and American countries, such as Spain (161.780), Germany (45.633) and the USA (93.340). China has maintained a low mpox incidence rate through early surveillance, mandatory case reporting and prompt treatment. These measures effectively curbed large-scale transmission among high-risk groups. Additionally, the country's vast population size creates a larger denominator, which may further contribute to the lower observed prevalence. However, China still faces challenges, including low case linkage (<15%), under-reporting due to privacy concerns and unclear infection sources in 94 of 99 aggregated outbreaks. Thus, how to accurately trace infection sources and manage close contacts is a significant obstacle in China. Additionally, how to address stigmatisation and rapidly develop vaccines and medicines remains a problem to be solved in China. In summary, China demonstrates a practical example of mpox risk management, which may provide valuable experience for the other countries and regions with mpox epidemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":9137,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Global Health","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The socioeconomic and health system determinants of financial protection indicators: a global systematic review (2008-2023).","authors":"Bingqing Guo, Xin Peng, Yeuk Shun Joshua Tran, Shaz Cheng, Karen Ann Grépin","doi":"10.1136/bmjgh-2024-017859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-017859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To ensure financial protection (FP), a key component of achieving Universal Health Coverage, it is important to identify the most vulnerable populations to financial hardship; however, systematic evidence of the determinants of FP is lacking, especially regarding the ability of FP indicators to identify the most vulnerable populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched three English (Web of Science, Medline and Embase) and four Chinese (CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and SinoMed) language databases for articles published between 1 January 2008 and 13 September 13, 2023. Eligible studies reported associations between a socioeconomic and/or health system determinant and either catastrophic (CHE) or impoverishing health expenditures (IHE). Joanna-Briggs Institute Checklist for Analytical Cross-sectional Studies was used to assess study quality. Key patterns in the associations between determinants and FP outcomes were summarised descriptively (PROSPERO ID: 585024).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 52 842 potentially eligible studies, of which 85 studies, or 1 308 separate associations between a determinant and a FP outcome, were included in the review, covering all WHO regions. Some clear patterns were identified: households in rural areas, with older members, lacking private insurance, or with inpatient or outpatient care utilisation experienced a higher risk of CHE and IHE. Smaller households, or those lacking any form of health insurance, and lower income were also at higher risk, although the associations were less certain. The incidence of financial hardship was generally higher among the general versus poorer segments of the population. The capacity-to-pay CHE indicator reported a lower CHE incidence among the poor than the budget-share indicator. There was insufficient evidence on IHE, race, assets, wealth or private health insurance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Only a small number of determinants were consistently associated with poor FP outcomes, and FP indicators inadequately captured financial hardship among the poor. Better FP indicators are needed to adequately identify households most at risk of experiencing financial hardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":9137,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Global Health","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with fluoxetine adherence among outpatients with common mental disorders in Western Kenya.","authors":"Rachel L Burger, Susan M Meffert, Linnet Ongeri, Josline Wangia, Raphael Wambura, Phanice Ajore, Grace Rota, Ammon Otieno, Raymond R Obura, Peter Muchembre, David Bukusi, Anne Mbwayo, Thomas C Neylan, Dickens Akena, Chengshi Jin, Charles McCulloch, Muthoni A Mathai","doi":"10.1136/bmjgh-2024-017929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-017929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Non-adherence to antidepressants has been linked to increased symptom severity, relapse and hospitalisation from common mental disorders. However, there is limited knowledge of factors associated with antidepressant adherence in low-income and middle-income countries, especially in public sector, primary care settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We quantified fluoxetine adherence using the medication possession ratio. A limitation of this measure is that it does not always reflect the ingestion of medication. We constructed a generalised estimating equations linear regression with robust SEs, clustered by the participant, to identify independent predictors of fluoxetine adherence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants randomised to fluoxetine were dispensed an average of 126 daily doses, or 70% of the 180 possible doses. Adherence was higher in the first half of the treatment period at 86.3%, 95% CI (83.5% to 89.2%) compared with 46.5% in the second half (44.3% to 48.8%) (p<0.001). Participants who opted for community-delivered fluoxetine demonstrated adherence at 79.7% (77.0% to 82.4%) compared with 58.6% (55.7% to 61.5%) of those who only picked up medication at the facility (p<0.001). Use of mHealth for at least one but less than half of the visits had the highest level of adherence at 84.6% (82.4% to 86.9%) compared with 49.6% (46.1% to 53.0%) among those who did not use mHealth and 67.2% (62.5% to 72.0%) for those who used mHealth at least half their visits (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adherence to fluoxetine was high relative to existing selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors adherence data, the majority of which is from high-income countries. Adherence was higher during the first half of treatment. People who were older, living with HIV and opted to use community delivery of medication and/or mHealth had higher adherence.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT03466346.</p>","PeriodicalId":9137,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Global Health","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How well do disease-specific studies and WHO-CHOICE cost estimates align? Example of estimating cost per episode of diarrhoea and respiratory syncytial virus in 128 low-income and middle-income countries.","authors":"Xiao Li, Joke Bilcke, Ernest O Asare, Catherine Wenger, Jiye Kwon, Louis Bont, Philippe Beutels, Virginia E Pitzer","doi":"10.1136/bmjgh-2024-016784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-016784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Non-disease-specific WHO-CHOICE (CHOosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective) unit costs are often used in cost and cost-effectiveness studies in the absence of country-specific data. This study aims to compare reported country-specific disease costs and the corresponding WHO-CHOICE estimates, using generically defined 'diarrhoea' (including rotavirus diarrhoea) and pathogen-specific 'respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)' disease in children as examples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We updated systematic reviews for both diseases in low-income (LICs), lower middle-income (LMICs) and upper middle-income (UMICs) countries. Diarrhoeal (including a subanalysis of rotavirus-specific diarrhoea) and RSV-specific outpatient and inpatient costs per episode in children were extracted and compared with WHO-CHOICE estimates in the same countries. All costs were updated to 2022 international dollar values. If a consistent pattern of underestimation or overestimation was identified, we quantified the magnitude of the discrepancy as the ratio of published disease-specific costs and corresponding WHO-CHOICE-based estimates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1979 records identified, 23 cost studies were included. Including previous reviews, we retained 31 diarrhoea and 16 RSV studies for comparison. WHO-CHOICE-based direct medical costs were similar for diarrhoeal disease (including rotavirus diarrhoea), but lower for RSV-related disease. We estimated the cost per episode of diarrhoea and RSV in 128 countries. RSV outpatient costs were adjusted by multiplying WHO-CHOICE costs by 6.89 (95% uncertainty interval: 5.58 to 8.58) in LICs and LMICs and 5.87 (4.95 to 6.96) in UMICs; RSV inpatient costs were multiplied by 1.43 (1.01 to 2.01) and 1.36 (0.82 to 2.27), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While informative for economic evaluations, WHO-CHOICE-based cost estimates should be used cautiously. Our analysis shows they aligned well with empirical studies for diarrhoeal disease but underestimated the costs of RSV-related disease. For diseases with few country-specific costing studies, comparing findings of the empirical studies with WHO-CHOICE estimates is crucial before conducting economic evaluations for countries without data. We propose a simple approach for calculating adjustment factors for WHO-CHOICE estimates when empirical data on disease-specific diagnosis and treatment costs are limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":9137,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Global Health","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical care in Gaza amidst military pressure: the struggle of healthcare workers in Gaza's Warzone.","authors":"Yousef Barakat","doi":"10.1136/bmjgh-2025-018936","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjgh-2025-018936","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9137,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Global Health","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12406927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}