Medicinal & aromatic plants最新文献

Nutrient and Phytochemical Composition of Centella asiatica Leaves 积雪草叶片营养成分及植物化学成分研究

Medicinal & aromatic plants Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2167-0412.20.9.346

Ogunka-Nnoka Cu, Igwe Fu, Agwu J, Peter Oj, Wolugbom Ph

{"title":"Nutrient and Phytochemical Composition of Centella asiatica Leaves","authors":"Ogunka-Nnoka Cu, Igwe Fu, Agwu J, Peter Oj, Wolugbom Ph","doi":"10.35248/2167-0412.20.9.346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0412.20.9.346","url":null,"abstract":"Centella asiatica is an herbaceous plant commonly known as Gotu Kola and belongs to Apiaceae family. It is found in most tropical and subtropical countries growing in swampy areas. It is a tasteless, odourless plant and it is traditionally used for the treatment of a wide variety of disorders. Its leaves and roots are used as vegetables and for medicinal purposes. Knowledge of their contributions to human nutrition and contents of bioactive components is lacking and has limited their use. Therefore this study evaluated the Nutrients content and phytochemical composition of Centella asiatica leaves using standard methods. The result of proximate composition revealed moisture (13.10 ± 1.07%), ash (16.5 ± 0.45%), protein (8.35 ± 1.28%), lipid (1.20 ± 0.10%), fiber (17.00 ± 1.87%) and carbohydrate (43.81 ± 0.70%) contents. Physicochemical result revealed Saponification value of 238.43 mg/KOH. Fatty acid composition revealed a high concentration of palmitic acid (55.70%) as saturated and Linoleic acid (17.50%) as unsaturated fatty acids; while amino acid composition showed high level of glutamate (13.389 g/100 g) as nonessential and Histidine (11.64 g/100 g) as essential amino acids respectively. The phytochemical composition revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as; Proanthocyanin (11.964 μg/g), Rutin (11.8883 μg/g), Nanngenin (3.0122 μg/g),Quinine (10.4490 μg/g), Flav-3-ol(2.5900 μg/g), Spartein (3.0122 μg/g), Phenol (18.8713 μg/g), Flavonones (2.1836 μg/g), Steroids (18.8974 μg/g), Kaempferol (0.7273 μg/g), Phytate (1.6851 μg/g), Naringenin (2.7523 μg/g), Resveratol (10.8596 μg/g), Tannin (4.4377 μg/g) and Ribalinidine (3.0500 μg/g). The presence of these nutrients and bioactive phytochemicals in Centella asiatica leaves makes them useful in pharmaceutical and food industries.","PeriodicalId":91359,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal & aromatic plants","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69991951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) Towards Medicinal Plants among Malaysian Consumers 马来西亚消费者对药用植物的知识、态度和实践(KAP)

Medicinal & aromatic plants Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.341

N. Arumugam

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) Towards Medicinal Plants among Malaysian Consumers","authors":"N. Arumugam","doi":"10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.341","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of consumers towards medicinal plants (MPs). Besides that, this study also determined the association between consumers demographic profiles and MPs practice. A survey was performed among 300 MP consumers (Kelantan=100, Terengganu=100 and Pahang=100) from East Coast Economic Region (ECER) using self-administered questionnaire. The findings indicated that 52% of consumers are females, Muslims and Malay. Most of them living in rural (67%) than urban (33%) areas. The results from Chi-Square statistic showed that education level (p=0.033) and locality (p=0.008) have significant relationships with the level of knowledge. Marital status has significant relationships with the level of practice (p=0.010) of medicinal plants. A significant difference between the knowledge (p=0.00) and attitude (p=0.00) towards practice of medicinal plants was also found. There was a moderate relationship between consumers’ knowledge on MPs and their practice using MPs (p=0.000), whereas there was a strong relationship between their attitude towards MPs and their practice (p=0.000). This study recorded that consumers’ attitude has a stronger relationship towards their practice compared to the knowledge.","PeriodicalId":91359,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal & aromatic plants","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69992225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Characterization of Organic Compounds in Aframomum melegueta K. Schum Using GC-MS 气相色谱-质谱联用技术表征苦楝中有机化合物的含量

Medicinal & aromatic plants Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0412.1000331

Oladunmoye Mk

{"title":"Characterization of Organic Compounds in Aframomum melegueta K. Schum Using GC-MS","authors":"Oladunmoye Mk","doi":"10.4172/2167-0412.1000331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0412.1000331","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we characterized organic compounds from extracts of the herb Aframomum melegueta K. Schum using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. The influence of five different solvents, 10% sodium hydroxide (NaOH), methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether and n-hexane on the nature of extracted organic compounds and efficiency of extraction was evaluated. Results showed that organic compounds present in extracts of A. melegueta depends on the type of extraction solvents used and that only few compounds are similar in all the extracts analyzed by the GC-MS. Specifically, the polar solvents (10% NaOH, methanol and ethanol) were more effective for recovering phenolic compounds and organic acid esters. While the non-polar solvents (petroleum ether and n-hexane) helped to effectively, recover essential oil derivatives and cholesterols. We described in this paper the correlations among the structures of the most abundant compounds in all the extracts with their probable pharmacologic effects in living hosts. The findings of this study demonstrated that A. melegueta contains organic compounds, which may serve as new drug leads of natural products origin and make it employable in modern pharmacological practices.","PeriodicalId":91359,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal & aromatic plants","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70798879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Studies on Biological Activity of Aqueous Extract of Alternanthera sessilis (Linn) for Developing Potential Herbal Drug Formulation of Ocular Diseases 互花莲子水提物的生物活性及其在开发眼疾中药制剂中的应用研究

Medicinal & aromatic plants Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.327

D. Suganya, R. Banupriya, A. Umamaheswari, S. Elumalai

{"title":"Studies on Biological Activity of Aqueous Extract of Alternanthera sessilis (Linn) for Developing Potential Herbal Drug Formulation of Ocular Diseases","authors":"D. Suganya, R. Banupriya, A. Umamaheswari, S. Elumalai","doi":"10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.327","url":null,"abstract":"Eye infection is caused by exposures to bacterial, fungal, viral and other microbial agents. Bacterial conjunctivitis is a common type of pink eye, caused by bacteria that infect the eye through various sources of contamination. The eye has several natural mechanisms to defend itself against infection or trauma. Medicinal plants frequently used as raw materials for extraction of active ingredients which is used in the synthesis of different drugs. Alternanthera sessilis (Linn) samples were collected from Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu, India. 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of stem extract showed better action than leaf extract. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) radical scavenging activity of leaf extract showed better action than stem extract. Antibacterial activity was screened for ocular disease-causing pathogens. The maximum zone of inhibition is found in Bacillus subtilis and lowest inhibition in Streptococcus mutans in leaf and stem extracts. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of leaf and stem extracts of Alternanthera sessilis (Linn) showed different concentrations with varying ocular pathogens. The Rabbit corneal cell line (SIRC) shows that there is no toxicity occurring in Normal cell line which clearly indicates that the MTT assay on Ocular cell line will inhibit the cytotoxic nature of the pathogen causing ocular diseases. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC - MS) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis showed the presence of various compounds and functional group in the leaf and stem aqueous extract of Alternanthera sessilis (Linn).","PeriodicalId":91359,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal & aromatic plants","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69991150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Floristic Composition and Species Diversity of Plant Resources of rural area “Takht Bhai” District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan 巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省马尔丹地区“Takht Bhai”农村地区植物资源区系组成及物种多样性

Medicinal & aromatic plants Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.338

M. Ibrahim, M. Khan, Sajjad Ali, A. Razzaq, A. Zaman, M. Iqbal, F. Jan

{"title":"Floristic Composition and Species Diversity of Plant Resources of rural area “Takht Bhai” District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"M. Ibrahim, M. Khan, Sajjad Ali, A. Razzaq, A. Zaman, M. Iqbal, F. Jan","doi":"10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.338","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted during 2017-18 to explore and identified flora of rural area Takht Bhai district Mardan. Information based upon floristic knowledge and biological spectrum of rural area Takht Bhai represent 140 taxon with 63 families including 4 Pteridophytic, 3 Gymnospermic and 56 Angiospermic families including 10 Monocots and 46 Dicots. Asteraceae was the topmost in term of number of species (13 sp) followed by Poaceae (9 sp) and Solanaceae (9 sp) each. Fabaceae having 7 species followed by Moraceae, Amaranthaceae, Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae, Myrtaceae and Rosaceae 6 species each. Habit class showed that herbaceous cover were dominant with 58.571% of the total flora followed by trees layer 25%, Shruby layer 11.42% and remaining 5.71% were climbers in area. Plant status concluded that 51.42% of plants were wild while 48.57% are cultivated. Biological spectra depicted that Therophytes were the dominant 40.71% followed by Microphanerophytes 18.57% in life form class while Microphyll 43.57% were highest in leaf size class followed by Nannophyll 20.71%. It was concluded that over utilization, over collection, over exploitation, habitat degradation, overharvesting, deforestation, population explosion and over grazing are the conspicuous biotic stresses which severely threatened the flora in the area which affect the population sustainability on earth crust.","PeriodicalId":91359,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal & aromatic plants","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69991382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Some Plant Extracts from Tunisia Southern Landscape by Using Different Extraction Techniques: The Case of Retama reatam 不同提取工艺对突尼斯南部景观植物提取物中酚类和类黄酮含量的影响——以雷达姆为例

Medicinal & aromatic plants Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.337

A. Rejab, H. Ksibi

{"title":"Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Some Plant Extracts from Tunisia Southern Landscape by Using Different Extraction Techniques: The Case of Retama reatam","authors":"A. Rejab, H. Ksibi","doi":"10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.337","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays traditional medicine, a source of several bioactive molecules for therapeutic purposes, has become a cure for various diseases. In fact, the evaluation of plant exploitation has become progressively significant and this for their therapeutic effects of many traditional medicines may be due to the immense presence of natural antioxidants. In this respect, Retama reatam was chosen among six herbal Tunisian plants traditionally known for their therapeutic virtues, as the best source of total polyphenol content (1122,927g GEA/g extract) with an important extraction yield as ethanol is the solvent. The Soxhlet extraction always has the lowest value in total polyphenol content (164,857 GEA/g extract) for such solvent. The total flavonoid content of the different extracts is not significantly different from each other. However, the yield extraction remains higher for ethanolic extraction exceeding a value of 26.7%. Concerning antioxidant activity of Retama reatam, results suggest that supercritical CO2 extraction can be used as an efficient alternative for pre-treatment to eliminate fatty compounds and therefore evaluating oxygen radical absorbance capacity values.","PeriodicalId":91359,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal & aromatic plants","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69991671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Accelerated Shelf Life Study of Fish Oil Stored in Medicinal Plant Extracts 药用植物提取物储存鱼油的加速保质期研究

Medicinal & aromatic plants Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.334

Jithu Paul Jacob, S. Mathew

{"title":"Accelerated Shelf Life Study of Fish Oil Stored in Medicinal Plant Extracts","authors":"Jithu Paul Jacob, S. Mathew","doi":"10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.334","url":null,"abstract":"Stability studies provide evidence on in what way the quality of a drug or its product varies with time under influence of changing environmental factors such as humidity, temperature and light. Present study is an attempt to study accelerated stability of fish oil incorporated with three medicinal plant extracts, which can be used for preserving it from further oxidation. The results of accelerated shelf life studies of fish oil treated with O. sanctum extracts (2 mg%). It is found that E. coli, Salmonella and P. aeruginosa were absent throughout the storage period of 6 months in the treated sample. Though TPC was found high at initial stage (1250000 cfu/gm.), by 6 months the value was reduced to <05 cfu/gm. Fungus and yeast contents with a high value during 2nd month (1000 cfu/gm) decreased to a value of 110 cfu/gm in 6 months. Rancidity index showed absent in all the days. Contrary to O. sanctum treated fish oil, the total fungus and yeast content which was minimum at the initial period (<10 cfu/ml) increased to a maximum value of 2110 cfu/gm in A. barbadensis and B. diffusa treated samples. Rancidty was absent throughout the storage period in both the treatments. Thus total fungus and yeast content was significantly lowered in O. sanctum treated fish oil when compared with A. barbadensis and B. diffusa treated fish oil.","PeriodicalId":91359,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal & aromatic plants","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69990796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Analysis of Compounds of Curcuma Rhizome Using Mass Spectrometry and Investigation of the Antioxidant Activity of Rhizome Extracts 姜黄根茎化合物质谱分析及提取物抗氧化活性研究

Medicinal & aromatic plants Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.336

H. Kasai, Y. Yamane, M Ikegami-Kawai, H. Sudo

{"title":"Analysis of Compounds of Curcuma Rhizome Using Mass Spectrometry and Investigation of the Antioxidant Activity of Rhizome Extracts","authors":"H. Kasai, Y. Yamane, M Ikegami-Kawai, H. Sudo","doi":"10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.336","url":null,"abstract":"The medicinal plant garden of Hoshi University located in southern Tokyo is home to many medicinal plants, and analysis of odor and measurement of antioxidant activity of cultivated plant have been carried out. In this study compounds originated from Curcuma rhizomes, i.e., Curcuma longa, Curcuma aromatica, Curcuma zedoaria, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, were investigated and antioxidant activities of rhizome extracts were measured. Volatile compounds originating from the Curcuma rhizomes were analyzed using thermal desorption (TD)-GC-MS with solid-phase micro extraction fiber as an adsorption device. p-Cymene, 1,8-cineol, β-elemene, and β-caryophyllene were the predominant constituents in most cases. Curcuminoids, which were not identified by TD-GC-MS, were detected using direct analysis in real time time-of-flight MS. Curcumin and demethoxycurcumin were detected from both C. longa and C. xanthorrhiza. The antioxidant activity of each Curcuma species rhizome was confirmed using the electron spin-resonance spin-trapping method with potent scavenging activity against superoxide anion radicals. Extracts from Curcuma rhizomes cultivated in the medicinal plant garden exhibited antioxidant activities, and the order of the activity of methanol extracts was: C. longa>C. xanthorrhiza>C. aromatica>C. zedoaria. Phenolic compounds, particularly curcumin, are known to possess potent antioxidant activity and are extracted with methanol, thus it reflects the intensity of the antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":91359,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal & aromatic plants","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69991605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Ethnobotanical Study of Useful Climbers Creepers & Twiners of Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University campus and Adjoining Areas of District Rajouri (J&K) Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah大学校园及邻近地区有用攀缘植物和缠绕植物的民族植物学研究

Medicinal & aromatic plants Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.340

T. Mahmood

{"title":"Ethnobotanical Study of Useful Climbers Creepers & Twiners of Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University campus and Adjoining Areas of District Rajouri (J&K)","authors":"T. Mahmood","doi":"10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.340","url":null,"abstract":"The present study deals with climbers creepers and twiners of Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, and adjoining areas of district Rajouri. Ethnomedicinal plants are necessary for treatment of various diseases and production of various medicines. The Climbers, Creepers and twiner are extensively used as medicine. The local people of district Rajouri use 43 climbers of the vascular plants for medicine, vegetable and fodder. As tradition culture is disappearing the knowledge about the plants wealth is going to lost. The information on Climbers, Creepers and twiner Species is obtained while studying the flora of (J&K) Himalaya and medicinal plants of Pirajapati Prohit. For each plant its family, botanical name, vernacular name, common name, Local name, English name, flowering Period is given. As per the climatic condition the plants are showing their presence in different sites. Some plants species which are climber creepers and twiner in their tendency are referred as climber creepers and twiner. A climbing plant includes tendrils and twiner having adventitious roots on nodular part of the stem helpful for their climber creepers and twiner on ant substratum. A total of 43 climbers’ creepers and twiner species belonging to 36 families were recorded for the medicinal, vegetable and fodder. Among all the families Convolvulaceae were found to be most abundant having 6 species followed by Cucurbitaceae and Dioscoreaceae.","PeriodicalId":91359,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal & aromatic plants","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69992122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physico-Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Activities of Eucalyptus globulus Labill and Eucalyptus citriodora Essential Oils in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚蓝桉和柠檬桉精油的理化特征及抗氧化活性

Medicinal & aromatic plants Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.332

Bekri Melka Abdo

引用次数: 1