HSOA journal of psychiatry, depression & anxiety最新文献

{"title":"A Meta-Analysis Taxonomizing Empathy in Schizophrenia","authors":"Sumayyah Varachhia","doi":"10.24966/pda-0150/100016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/pda-0150/100016","url":null,"abstract":"A Meta-Analysis Tax- onomizing Empathy in Schizophrenia. J mental health the general on measures purported assess Commonly, studies have used the Interpersonal a self-report questionnaire using four sub-scales: Fantasy, perspective-taking, personal Abstract Background Trait empathy is integral to relationship development and main- tenance. Therefore, impairment in this ability can have an adverse effect on many domains of life including social, sexual, and marital. Previous reviews show in schizophrenia, this ability to be impaired but with a high amount of heterogeneity that is yet to be explored more thoroughly. Considering this, we aim to synthesise the extent literature using a meta-analytic approach and examine the source of the heterogeneity observed in previous reviews and develop taxonomy of empa- thy deficits in schizophrenia. Hedges’ g was calculated for cognitive and affective empathy using random effects models. Meta-regres- sion models of key cognitive, clinical and demographic risk and protective factors were run. These included: Impact year of publication, age, gender, ethnicity, education, general IQ, verbal/pre-morbid IQ, global neuro-cognition, positive, negative and general symptoms of schizophrenia, age at schizophrenia diagnosis, duration of illness and medication has on cognitive and affective empathy. A literature search revealed 39 independent studies examining em- pathy in schizophrenia. Healthy controls scored higher than people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, with a small effect size for affective empathy (Hedges’ g = 0.29) and a medium effect size for cognitive empathy (Hedges’ g = 0.53). Both components were heterogeneous. Analyses using meta-regression models found age at diagnosis and the duration of illness moderated the difference in effect size for cog- nitive empathy, such that those with an earlier diagnosis or a more chronic course exhibit greater difficulty in cognitive empathy com - pared to healthy controls. We find a longer duration of illness and younger age at clinical diagnosis enhances impairments in cognitive empathy in severe and enduring schizophrenia. For affective empathy, we conclude, com- pared to healthy controls, some patients report having a deficit [i.e. experience lower affective empathy], others report comparable lev- els, and the remaining report to be experiencing higher emotional arousal. As an earlier diagnosis, prolonged illness course and dys- functional emotional reactions are significant risk factors of poorer empathic interactions, it will be important to address the underlying mechanisms of this deficit in future work.","PeriodicalId":91269,"journal":{"name":"HSOA journal of psychiatry, depression & anxiety","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75437192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Self: Can Behaviorism Inform the Study of The Self?","authors":"G. Hunter","doi":"10.24966/PDA-0150/100021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/PDA-0150/100021","url":null,"abstract":"Burrhus Frederic Skinner’s discussion of Self-Control begins with the explanation of its implicit nature in establishing relations between stimuli and responses. In functional analysis an independent variable operates as a means of controlling a behavior response for either an analyst or individual. This phenomenon is the focus of experimental science and validating the relational effect is the objective of behaviorist study. Regarding individuals controlling their own behavior their issue of responsibility is of relevance. A major part of adolescent development is learning to take responsibility for his or her self. The learning process coincides with biological, social, and psychological developments that must be navigated with care to avoid negative effects on the individual’s self-concept and self-efficacy (belief in one’s capacity to function competently). Developing a behavior response repertoire to environmental stimuli is a moment to moment endeavor that Skinner acknowledges but insists on focusing on the behavior and not the behaving individual. By discriminating between stimuli and altering environmental circumstances organisms behave. Citation: Hunter G (2019) The Self: Can Behaviorism Inform the Study of The Self?. J Psychiatry Depress Anxiety 5: 021.","PeriodicalId":91269,"journal":{"name":"HSOA journal of psychiatry, depression & anxiety","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90554358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescents’ Understanding of The Dynamics of Depression","authors":"S. Harter","doi":"10.24966/PDA-0150/100017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/PDA-0150/100017","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescents’ Understanding of the Dynamics of De- pression. J Depress Anxiety 5: 017. Abstract In recent decades, a variety of new methodologies have been applied by researchers to our understanding of depression in children and adolescence. New statistical techniques (path-analyses, sequential analyses, etc.) have examined more complex models that focus on the causes, correlates, and consequences of depression. New multi-dimensional questionnaires have also been developed","PeriodicalId":91269,"journal":{"name":"HSOA journal of psychiatry, depression & anxiety","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80742051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Quality of Life of Young Men Suffering From Epilepsy","authors":"A. Voitiuk","doi":"10.24966/PDA-0150/100018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/PDA-0150/100018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91269,"journal":{"name":"HSOA journal of psychiatry, depression & anxiety","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88483872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose Positive CHD8 have a Role in Ketogenic Diet Response in Autism: A Case Report","authors":"","doi":"10.24966/PDA-0150/100012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/PDA-0150/100012","url":null,"abstract":"Citation: AlQassmi A, AlOtiabi M, AlRabeeah F (2018) Dose Positive CHD8 have a Role in Ketogenic Diet Response in Autism: A Case Report. J Psychiatry Depress Anxiety 4: 012. Abstract Autism is a brain disorder that limits a person’s ability to commu-nicate and relate to other people. The symptoms of autism spectrum disorder are poorly treated with current medications. Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder are frequently co-morbid with a diagnosis of epilepsy. Ketogenic diets are remarkably effective in treatments for epilepsy in children in the same time there are several studies showed the effectiveness of ketogenic in Autism and behavior asso- ciated with it. This study tests the effects of ketogenic diet feeding in Autism and their behavior, a child with autism spectrum disorder. The child was started on ketogenic diet formulas starting at 5 years of age, diet protocols continued and performance of tests of sociability and repetitive behavior was assessed. A ketogenic diet improved behavioral characteristics of autism spectrum disorder. Ketogenic diet feeding improved multiple measures of sociability and reduced repetitive behavior in autism child. Positive gene mutation of autism may be an important factors in showing the response of high lipid diet in those children.","PeriodicalId":91269,"journal":{"name":"HSOA journal of psychiatry, depression & anxiety","volume":"21 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88555453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in Anxiety Disorders: A Review","authors":"Isha Jalnapurkar","doi":"10.24966/PDA-0150/100011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/PDA-0150/100011","url":null,"abstract":"Women have consistently shown to be more likely than men to meet criteria for the diagnosis of an anxiety disorder during their lifetime. Prior research has demonstrated that presence of an anxiety disorder confers significant risk for the subsequent development of other psychiatric disorders including another anxiety disorder and major depression. Studies investigating this increased vulnerability to and burden of illness in women have implicated the role of female reproductive hormones and related cycles, physiologic differences leading to differences in symptomatology and metabolism and response to psychotropic medications. There is also evidence of differences in brain structures responsible for anxiety and panic related circuitry. In spite of these noteworthy differences, there are limited systematic reports describing the effects of biological sex on the development, course, comorbidity, and response to treatment of anxiety disorders. In this article, we provide a review of existing literature describing the unique characteristics of primary anxiety disorders in women, including Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), and Panic Disorder (PD). We have incorporated the changes in nosology made in the DSM-5 and have reviewed available data on the potential impact of sex on the epide- miology, phenomenology, course, and treatment response of these anxiety disorders. We also provide a brief overview of the potential genetic and neurobiological factors, discuss biological sex differences in medication metabolism and the potential relevance of these dif- ferences in the pharmacologic management of women with anxiety disorders.","PeriodicalId":91269,"journal":{"name":"HSOA journal of psychiatry, depression & anxiety","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81461621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Gardening, Volunteerism and Personal Happiness: “Digging In” to Green Space Environments for Improved Health","authors":"August John Hoffman","doi":"10.24966/pda-0150/100015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/pda-0150/100015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91269,"journal":{"name":"HSOA journal of psychiatry, depression & anxiety","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75414380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Health First Aid Act: A Policy Analysis","authors":"S. Bhatta","doi":"10.24966/pda-0150/100013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/pda-0150/100013","url":null,"abstract":"Mental health is a critical part of overall wellness. Only 17% of United States adults are in a state of optimal mental health. Depression is the most common type of mental illness. Likewise, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is common in childhood and adolescence and is associated with functional impairment and suicide. Among teenagers and young adults, suicide was the second leading cause of death in 2013. Adolescents in foster care have considerably more psychiatric symptoms than their other counterparts. Mental health problems are also associated with gun violence. The purpose of this policy analysis paper is to emphasize the importance of different proposed bills and implemented policies for improving mental health outcomes. Several efforts have been made in the past to improve mental health care in the United States. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) provided opportunities for expanded access to behavioral health care and established mental health and substance abuse care as essential coverage. The Mental Health First Aid Act (MHFAA) was a bill introduced in Congress in order to improve awareness, identification, and ability to appropriately respond to the needs of persons experiencing symptoms of mental disorders. The goal of this act is to provide mental health first aid training to first responders. Mental health stigma is a significant barrier to participation in mental health care. Mental health first aid training can play a significant role in building community awareness and reducing stigma. Primary care providers can also play significant roles in early identification and establishment of care coordination of mental illnesses. The positive parenting programs that motivate parents to come and discuss their family issues without any fear or shame are advantageous in improving positive outcomes. Also, policies in reducing the scarcity of the mental health providers in all states and counties should be considered. Citation: Bhatta S (2018) Mental Health First Aid Act: A Policy Analysis. J Psychiatry Depress Anxiety 4: 013.","PeriodicalId":91269,"journal":{"name":"HSOA journal of psychiatry, depression & anxiety","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85704464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Medical Monopoly on Assisted Suicide","authors":"J. Doomen","doi":"10.24966/PDA-0150/100014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/PDA-0150/100014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91269,"journal":{"name":"HSOA journal of psychiatry, depression & anxiety","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86486579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Major Depressive Disorder and Condom Use in Young Adult Females.","authors":"Tiffany Cooke,&nbsp;Gilberte Bastien,&nbsp;Junjun Xu,&nbsp;Jurine Owen,&nbsp;Kurstie Cunningham,&nbsp;George Rust","doi":"10.24966/PDA-0150/100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/PDA-0150/100006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability and can contribute to risky sexual behavior, potentially leading to Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs).Young adult women face unique STI risks, along with gender prevalence for MDD.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study is to assess the association between moderate to severe MDD and inconsistent condom use in U.S women aged 18-25.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2011-2013 Our study focuses on responses to the depression screener and \"sexual behavior\" questions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 302 women, aged 18-25 responded to the depression screener and the \"never had sex without a condom question\". Of these , 270 had no or mild MDD and 32 had moderate to severe MDD Of the women with moderate-severe MDD, 1 consistently used condoms, and 31 used condoms inconsistently. On both bivariate and multivariate analysis this association between moderate-severe MDD and inconsistent condom use was significant (p = .004, OR 10.260 95% Cl 1-371- 76.801 ) After using the complex samples module, this association remained significant, even after controlling for race (p = 0_032; OR = 7_677, 95% Cl = 1202-49.048).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Moderate-severe MDD is significantly associated with inconsistent condom use in 18-25 year-old women. This suggests a need for further research and interventions geared toward treating MDD, but also in counseling young adult women with MDD regarding healthy sexual behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":91269,"journal":{"name":"HSOA journal of psychiatry, depression & anxiety","volume":"2 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.24966/PDA-0150/100006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36788767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}