Mining engineering最新文献

{"title":"Effects of FAME biodiesel and HVORD on emissions from an older-technology diesel engine.","authors":"A D Bugarski, J A Hummer, S E Vanderslice","doi":"10.19150/me.7918","DOIUrl":"10.19150/me.7918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The results of laboratory evaluations were used to compare the potential of two alternative, biomass-derived fuels as a control strategy to reduce the exposure of underground miners to aerosols and gases emitted by diesel-powered equipment. The effects of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biodiesel and hydrotreated vegetable oil renewable diesel (HVORD) on criteria aerosol and gaseous emissions from an older-technology, naturally aspirated, mechanically controlled engine equipped with a diesel oxidation catalytic converter were compared with those of widely used petroleum-derived, ultralow-sulfur diesels (ULSDs). The emissions were characterized for four selected steady-state conditions. When fueled with FAME biodiesel and HVORD, the engine emitted less aerosols by total particulate mass, total carbon mass, elemental carbon mass and total number than when it was fueled with ULSDs. Compared with ULSDs, FAME biodiesel and HVORD produced aerosols that were characterized by single modal distributions, smaller count median diameters, and lower total and peak concentrations. For the majority of test cases, FAME biodiesel and HVORD favorably affected nitric oxide (NO) and adversely affected nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) generation. Therefore, the use of these alternative fuels appears to be a viable tool for the underground mining industry to address the issues related to emissions from diesel engines, and to transition toward more universal solutions provided by advanced engines with integrated exhaust after treatment technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":91142,"journal":{"name":"Mining engineering","volume":"69 12","pages":"43-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5769955/pdf/nihms926907.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35749466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Industrial Internet of Things: (IIoT) applications in underground coal mines.","authors":"C Zhou, N Damiano, B Whisner, M Reyes","doi":"10.19150/me.7919","DOIUrl":"10.19150/me.7919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), a concept that combines sensor networks and control systems, has been employed in several industries to improve productivity and safety. U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) researchers are investigating IIoT applications to identify the challenges of and potential solutions for transferring IIoT from other industries to the mining industry. Specifically, NIOSH has reviewed existing sensors and communications network systems used in U.S. underground coal mines to determine whether they are capable of supporting IIoT systems. The results show that about 40 percent of the installed post-accident communication systems as of 2014 require minimal or no modification to support IIoT applications. NIOSH researchers also developed an IIoT monitoring and control prototype system using low-cost microcontroller Wi-Fi boards to detect a door opening on a refuge alternative, activate fans located inside the Pittsburgh Experimental Mine and actuate an alarm beacon on the surface. The results of this feasibility study can be used to explore IIoT applications in underground coal mines based on existing communication and tracking infrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":91142,"journal":{"name":"Mining engineering","volume":"69 12","pages":"50-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5769960/pdf/nihms930993.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35749467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundamental error estimation and accounting in the blasthole sampling protocol at a copper mine","authors":"R. Ganguli, A. C. Chieregati, A. Purvee","doi":"10.19150/ME.7853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19150/ME.7853","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91142,"journal":{"name":"Mining engineering","volume":"178 ","pages":"49-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41280024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous stochastic optimization of production scheduling at Twin Creeks Mining Complex, Nevada","authors":"R. Dimitrakopoulos, L. Montiel","doi":"10.19150/ME.8645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19150/ME.8645","url":null,"abstract":"Twin Creeks is a gold mining complex part of Newmont’s Nevada Operations. The mining complex is comprised of two open pits, Mega and Vista, external ore sources and a set of existing stockpiles, all providing ore for an autoclave, an oxide mill and a heap leach. Mega pit provides sulphide ore for the autoclave whereas Vista pit provides oxide ore for the oxide mill and the heap leach. Both pits operate the same mining equipment and therefore their extraction sequence must be optimized simultaneously. Stringent blending requirements are associated with the operation of the autoclave for the sulfide ore. Strategic blending optimization at large scale has brought significant value to the operation by increasing synergies. This paper presents the implementation of a stochastic optimization framework for the long-term production planning at Twin Creeks that simultaneously optimizes mining, stockpiling, blending and processing decision variables. The uncertainty and variability associated with the different sources of material is incorporated in the optimization model by means of stochastic simulations. The stochastic solution generated shows substantial potential benefits by increasing expected recoverable gold, leading to increased expected cash flows, while reducing the risk of not achieving the forecasts by increasing the probabilities of meeting production and blending targets.","PeriodicalId":91142,"journal":{"name":"Mining engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41717203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory demonstration of DPM mass removal from an exhaust stream by fog drops","authors":"Lucas Rojas-Mendoza, Z. Henderson, E. Sarver, J. Saylor","doi":"10.19150/me.7854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19150/me.7854","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Diesel engines have seen widespread use for well over a century due to their relatively high thermal efficiency and fuel economy (Heywood, 1988). Recently, however, the adverse health risks of diesel exhaust have become increasingly clear. The term diesel particulate matter (DPM) is used to refer to the solid components of diesel exhaust, which are an ultrafine mixture of elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC) and minor constituents including sulfates and metal ash (Kittelson, 1997). DPM is generally considered to occur almost entirely in the submicrometer range. It is classified as a carcinogen (Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2013), and epidemiological studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between long-term exposure to DPM and other combustionrelated fine particulates and increased cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases (Pope et al., 2002; McDonald et al., 2011). Many of the risks of diesel exhaust are associated with the physical and chemical properties of exhaust components (Heywood, 1988; El-Shobokshy, 1994; Kittelson, 1997). Exposures are generally measured and regulated on the basis of mass concentration. However, DPM number density and particle size are increasingly recognized as critical factors in terms of health outcomes (Bugarski et al., 2012; Kittelson, 1997; Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2013; Pope et al., 2002). Diesel engines operate in relatively fuel-rich/oxygen-lean conditions and are characterized by high emissions of particulates relative to those from spark-ignition engines (El-Shobokshy, 1994; Kittelson, 1997; Fiebig et al., 2014). Emissions from large equipment such as that used in mining applications typically range from 10 to 10 DPM particles per cubic centimeter (Kittelson, 1997). The physical and chemical properties of DPM vary with the type of engine, fuel and operating conditions such as loading, which is a function of torque and rotational speed (El-Shobokshy, 1994; Kittelson, 1997; McDonald et al., 2011; Bugarski et al., 2010; Huang et al., 2015). Loading is a particularly important factor with respect to DPM toxicity (McDonald et al., 2011; Stevens et al., 2009; McDonald et al., 2004) and the effectiveness of after-treatment technologies (ElShobokshy, 1994; Kittelson, 1997; An et al., 2012). Engine load alone can affect the EC/OC ratio, and the size distribution and number density of DPM. Light loads generally favor the formation of OC and small particles. As load is increased, the volatiles are oxidized, leading to larger soot particles (EC) but lower total number density of DPM. With further loading, the formation of soot offsets the decrease in volatiles, resulting in increased DPM mean size and number density (Kittelson, 1997). A significant body of work has been devoted to the development of DPMreducing technologies, including aftertreatments like oxidation catalysis and Laboratory demonstration of DPM mass removal from an exhaust stream by fog drops","PeriodicalId":91142,"journal":{"name":"Mining engineering","volume":"69 1","pages":"55-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41644881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk management and long-term production schedule optimization at the LabMag iron ore deposit in Labrador, Canada","authors":"M. Spleit, R. Dimitrakopoulos","doi":"10.19150/ME.7807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19150/ME.7807","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91142,"journal":{"name":"Mining engineering","volume":"69 1","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48687523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Have emerging technologies reached the point where diesel particulate matter can be removed from underground mines","authors":"K. Kocsis","doi":"10.19150/me.7808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19150/me.7808","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91142,"journal":{"name":"Mining engineering","volume":"69 1","pages":"54-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67755882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of airborne float coal dust emitted during continuous mining, longwall mining and belt transport.","authors":"M R Shahan, C E Seaman, T W Beck, J F Colinet, S E Mischler","doi":"10.19150/me.7746","DOIUrl":"10.19150/me.7746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Float coal dust is produced by various mining methods, carried by ventilating air and deposited on the floor, roof and ribs of mine airways. If deposited, float dust is re-entrained during a methane explosion. Without sufficient inert rock dust quantities, this float coal dust can propagate an explosion throughout mining entries. Consequently, controlling float coal dust is of critical interest to mining operations. Rock dusting, which is the adding of inert material to airway surfaces, is the main control technique currently used by the coal mining industry to reduce the float coal dust explosion hazard. To assist the industry in reducing this hazard, the Pittsburgh Mining Research Division of the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health initiated a project to investigate methods and technologies to reduce float coal dust in underground coal mines through prevention, capture and suppression prior to deposition. Field characterization studies were performed to determine quantitatively the sources, types and amounts of dust produced during various coal mining processes. The operations chosen for study were a continuous miner section, a longwall section and a coal-handling facility. For each of these operations, the primary dust sources were confirmed to be the continuous mining machine, longwall shearer and conveyor belt transfer points, respectively. Respirable and total airborne float dust samples were collected and analyzed for each operation, and the ratio of total airborne float coal dust to respirable dust was calculated. During the continuous mining process, the ratio of total airborne float coal dust to respirable dust ranged from 10.3 to 13.8. The ratios measured on the longwall face were between 18.5 and 21.5. The total airborne float coal dust to respirable dust ratio observed during belt transport ranged between 7.5 and 21.8.</p>","PeriodicalId":91142,"journal":{"name":"Mining engineering","volume":"69 9","pages":"61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5603246/pdf/nihms904139.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35427668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying and controlling heat-induced health and safety problems in underground mines","authors":"K. Kocsis, M. Sunkpal","doi":"10.19150/ME.7745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19150/ME.7745","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91142,"journal":{"name":"Mining engineering","volume":"69 1","pages":"53-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41549491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roof control, pillar stability and ground control issues in underground stone mines","authors":"D. Newman","doi":"10.19150/ME.7685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19150/ME.7685","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91142,"journal":{"name":"Mining engineering","volume":"69 1","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47815814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}